Geospatial assessment of agrivoltaic opportunities and land use requirements in Nigeria

Scientific Reports
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Abstract

Agrivoltaics, the co-location of agriculture and solar photovoltaic (PV) infrastructure, can deliver co-benefits like reduced plant drought stress and improved yields of shade-tolerant crops, particularly in water-scarce regions. Despite growing global interest, the technical potential and opportunities for agrivoltaics remain poorly understood in many regions facing both food and energy insecurity, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Here we provide a spatial assessment of agrivoltaic opportunities in Nigeria by integrating cropland distribution, solar resources, and water stress. We find that northern states—where cropland is abundant and water-stressed, solar irradiance is high, and electricity access remains low—offer the greatest potential for agrivoltaic systems to generate co-benefits. In contrast, the humid forest regions of southern Nigeria exhibit lower suitability, with sparse cropland and weaker solar potential. We also estimate that northern states could fully meet their projected 2050 solar energy targets by allocating less than 1% of existing cropland to agrivoltaics, whereas southern states would require much larger fractions (5.9–18.9%). Notably, in the northern state of Kano, the country’s most populous, allocating 0.6–1.8% of cropland would be sufficient to meet mid-century solar energy projections. Collectively, our findings highlight priority regions where agrivoltaics could most effectively strengthen food-energy security linkages and support equitable energy transition in Nigeria.

Suggested Citation

Babarinde, I.E., Salisu, E.B., Benavides, J.A., Pereira, E., Grodsky, S.M., and Almeida, R.M., 2026, Geospatial assessment of agrivoltaic opportunities and land use requirements in Nigeria: Scientific Reports, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-48997-z.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Geospatial assessment of agrivoltaic opportunities and land use requirements in Nigeria
Series title Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-48997-z
Edition Online First
Publication Date April 30, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Springer Nature
Contributing office(s) Coop Res Unit Leetown
Description 20 p.
Country Nigeria
Additional publication details