Earthquake ground-motion model attenuation adjustments for the San Francisco Bay area

Seismological Research Letters
By: , and 

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Abstract

We develop adjustments to ergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs) to improve their performance in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA). GMMs are widely used in hazard assessments to estimate characteristics of ground shaking based on known properties of the source, path, and site. Such models are often developed using datasets containing records from various regions, resulting in models that represent median ground‐motion behavior, which may not adequately represent ground motions within subregions. This is true for the SFBA, where ground motions attenuate more rapidly with distance than in many other parts of California that dominate GMM databases. To support improved seismic hazard estimates in the SFBA, we calculate regional constants and anelastic attenuation coefficient adjustments relative to two commonly used ergodic GMMs: BSSA14 (Boore et al., 2014) and ASK14 (Abrahamson et al., 2014). These adjustments are obtained for a suite of ground‐motion intensity measures (peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%‐damped pseudospectral acceleration at oscillator periods ranging from 0.075 to 10 s) using mixed‐effects regression. Use of the regionally adjusted models reduces the overall bias by up to 0.5 natural log units for BSSA14 and up to 0.6 natural log units for ASK14. We demonstrate one application of our attenuation adjustments and their implications in an earthquake early warning case study of the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The predicted extent of shaking using the adjusted models better matches observed shaking at large source‐to‐site distances, especially for lower shaking intensities, thus potentially reducing overalerting. We encourage the use of our model adjustments when ergodic models are considered for seismic hazard studies in the SFBA.

Suggested Citation

Nye, T.A., Parker, G.A., and Baltay, A.S., 2026, Earthquake ground-motion model attenuation adjustments for the San Francisco Bay area: Seismological Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250215.

ISSN: 1938-2057 (online)

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Earthquake ground-motion model attenuation adjustments for the San Francisco Bay area
Series title Seismological Research Letters
DOI 10.1785/0220250215
Edition Online First
Publication Date April 01, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Earthquake Science Center
Country United States
State California
Other Geospatial San Francisco Bay area
Additional publication details