Only very strong shaking can break a tree

The Seismic Record
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Abstract

A handful of credible accounts, both recent and historical, describe trees being broken during earthquakes. Apart from landslides and tsunamis, such accounts are uncommon, suggesting that trees break only when ground acceleration is extreme or when trees are especially vulnerable to breakage. Here, I consider the question: what ground acceleration is required to break a living tree? I present simplified first‐principles calculations, considering the properties of common trees, focusing on tall, thin trees that can be approximated as uniform vertical cantilevers. The results suggest that, possibly excepting tall trees with heavy canopies, standing trees can only be broken by shaking approaching or exceeding 1g, as anticipated by the rarity of documented accounts of snapped trees. I briefly consider several well‐documented instances of tree damage during strong earthquakes, drawing inferences about local ground motions.

Suggested Citation

Hough, S.E., 2026, Only very strong shaking can break a tree: The Seismic Record, v. 6, no. 2, p. 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1785/0320250036.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Only very strong shaking can break a tree
Series title The Seismic Record
DOI 10.1785/0320250036
Volume 6
Issue 2
Publication Date April 01, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Earthquake Science Center
Description 9 p.
First page 138
Last page 146
Additional publication details