Vanadium recycling in the United States in 2004
Circular
1196-S
Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States
By: Thomas G. Goonan
Links
- More information: USGS Index Page (html)
- Download citation as: RIS | Dublin Core
Abstract
As one of a series of reports that describe the recycling of metal commodities in the United States, this report discusses the flow of vanadium in the U.S. economy in 2004. This report includes a description of vanadium supply and demand in the United States and illustrates the extent of vanadium recycling and recycling trends.
In 2004, apparent vanadium consumption, by end use, in the United States was 3,820 metric tons (t) in steelmaking and 232 t in manufacturing, of which 17 t was for the production of superalloys and 215 t was for the production of other alloys, cast iron, catalysts, and chemicals. Vanadium use in steel is almost entirely dissipative because recovery of vanadium from steel scrap is chemically impeded under the oxidizing conditions in steelmaking furnaces. The greatest amount of vanadium recycling is in the superalloy, other-alloy, and catalyst sectors of the vanadium market. Vanadium-bearing catalysts are associated with hydrocarbon recovery and refining in the oil industry.
In 2004, 2,850 t of vanadium contained in alloy scrap and spent catalysts was recycled, which amounted to about 44 percent of U.S. domestic production. About 94 percent of vanadium use in the United States was dissipative (3,820 t in steel/4,050 t in steel+fabricated products).
Suggested Citation
Goonan, T.G., 2011, Vanadium recycling in the United States in 2004 (Version 1.1 (revised October 2011)): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196S.
ISSN: 2330-5703 (online)
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Vanadium recycling in the United States in 2004 |
| Series title | Circular |
| Series number | 1196 |
| Chapter | S |
| DOI | 10.3133/cir1196S |
| Edition | Version 1.1 (revised October 2011) |
| Year Published | 2011 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Publisher location | Reston, VA |
| Contributing office(s) | National Minerals Information Center |
| Description | vi, 17 p. |
| Country | United States |