Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025

Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025
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Introduction 

Each mineral commodity chapter of the 2025 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production, reserves, and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2024 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses.

Abbreviations and units of measure and definitions of selected terms used in the report are in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively. Reserves and resources information is in Appendix C, which includes “Part A—Resource and Reserve Classification for Minerals” and “Part B—Sources of Reserves Data.” A directory of USGS minerals information country specialists and their responsibilities is in Appendix D.

The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the MCS 2025 are welcomed.

Suggested Citation

U.S. Geological Survey, 2025, Mineral commodity summaries 2025: U.S. Geological Survey, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2025.

ISSN: 0076-8952 (print)

Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Figure 1—The Role of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities in the U.S. Economy
  • Significant Events, Trends, and Issues
  • Figure 2—2024 U.S. Net Import Reliance
  • Figure 3—Leading Import Sources (2020–23) of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities
  • Table 1—U.S. Mineral Industry Trends
  • Table 2—U.S. Mineral-Related Economic Trends
  • Table 3—Value of Nonfuel Mineral Production in the United States in 2024
  • Figures 4–8—Value of Nonfuel Minerals Produced in 2024
  • Table 4—The 2022 U.S. Critical Minerals List
  • U.S. Critical Minerals Update
  • Table 5—Salient Critical Minerals Statistics in 2024
  • Figure 9—20-Year Trend of U.S. Net Import Reliance for Critical Minerals
  • Figure 10—Estimated 1-Year Percent Change and 5-Year Compound Annual Growth Rate in Prices of Critical Minerals
  • Figures 11–12—Changes in U.S. Consumption of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities
  • Figure 13—Value of Old Scrap Domestically Recycled, Imported, and Exported
  • Figure 14—Relation Between Byproduct Elements and Host Metals
  • Mineral Commodities
  • Appendix A—Abbreviations and Units of Measure
  • Appendix B—Definitions of Selected Terms Used in This Report
  • Appendix C—Reserves and Resources
  • Appendix D—Country Specialists Directory
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Mineral commodity summaries 2025
Series title Mineral Commodity Summaries
Series number 2025
ISBN 978-1-4113-4595-9
DOI 10.3133/mcs2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) National Minerals Information Center
Description Report: 212 p.; Data Release; Data Visualization
Online Only (Y/N) N
Additional Online Files (Y/N) Y
Google Analytic Metrics Metrics page
Additional publication details