Columbium (niobium) recycling in the United States in 1998
Open-File Report
2001-348
By: Larry D. Cunningham
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Abstract
This report describes the flow of columbium in the United States in 1998 with emphasis on the extent to which columbium (niobium) was recycled/reused. Columbium was mostly recycled from products of columbium-bearing steels and superalloys; little was recovered from products specifically for their columbium content. In 1998, about 1,800 metric tons of columbium was recycled/reused, with about 55% derived from old scrap. The columbium recycling rate was calculated to be 22%, and columbium scrap recycling efficiency, 50%.
Suggested Citation
Cunningham, L.D., 2001, Columbium (niobium) recycling in the United States in 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-348, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01348.
ISSN: 2331-1258 (online)
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Columbium (niobium) recycling in the United States in 1998 |
| Series title | Open-File Report |
| Series number | 2001-348 |
| DOI | 10.3133/ofr01348 |
| Year Published | 2001 |
| Language | ENGLISH |
| Description | 12 p. |