Work plan for determining the occurrence of glyphosate, its transformation product AMPA, other herbicide compounds, and antibiotics in midwestern United States streams, 2002

Open-File Report 2003-69
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs
By: , and 

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Abstract

Changes in herbicide use in the Midwestern United States have been substantial over the last 5 years. Most significant is a tripling in the use of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycin). Over this same time period (1997­2001), atrazine use increased by 20 percent and acetochlor use increased by 10 percent, while cyanazine use decreased by 99 percent, alachlor use decreased by 70 percent, and metolachlor use decreased by 55 percent. Previous studies have documented that herbicide flushes occur in midwestern streams during runoff events for several weeks to several months following application, and that herbicide concentrations in midwestern streams during flushing events are related to rates of herbicide use.

The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of glyphosate and its primary transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in midwestern streams during post-application and harvest-season runoff events. Water samples will be collected in 2002 during two post-herbicide-application runoff events and one harvest-season runoff event from 53 sites on streams in the Midwestern United States. All samples will be analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas, for glyphosate and 20 other herbicides. Samples will also be analyzed for a glyphosate transformation product (AMPA) and 26 other herbicide transformation products, using GC/MS or HPLC/MS. Selected samples will be analyzed for 36 antibiotics or antibiotic transformational products. Results from this study will represent the first broad-scale investigation of glyphosate and AMPA in U.S. water resources.

Study Area

Table of Contents

Abstract
Introduction
     Glyphosate Toxicity
     Changes in Herbicide Use
     Herbicide Transformation Products
     Antibiotics in Streams
Work Plan
     Objectives and Hypotheses
     Sampling Sites
     Sampling Schedule 
     Sampling Procedures.
     Analytical Procedures
     Quality Assurance
Data Analysis Methods and Reports
References Cited
Appendix

Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Work plan for determining the occurrence of glyphosate, its transformation product AMPA, other herbicide compounds, and antibiotics in midwestern United States streams, 2002
Series title Open-File Report
Series number 2003-69
DOI 10.3133/ofr0369
Year Published 2003
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Iowa Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
Description iv, 18 p.
Country United States
Other Geospatial Midwest region
Online Only (Y/N) N
Additional Online Files (Y/N) N
Google Analytic Metrics Metrics page
Additional publication details