Distribution of the Non-Native Gastropod Melanoides tuberculatus in Biscayne National Park, Florida

Open-File Report 2010-1126
By: , and 

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Introduction  

Melanoides tuberculatus (fig. 1), a gastropod that is not native to South Florida, was identified in Biscayne National Park (BNP) while researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey were conducting other studies around the Black Point canals in the summer of 2003. A study to determine the distribution, genetics, and salinity tolerance of this freshwater species began in 2004. For park managers and the recreational users of BNP, the presence of Melanoides tuberculatus is cause for concern because it is the intermediate host for several trematode parasites that affect humans and animals in multiple ways:

  1. Human health concerns include parasites (trematode worms) that affect the lung (Paragonimus westermani) and the liver (Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis sp.). Skin irritations and lesions can also be caused by trematodes that normally infect other species.
  2. Animal health concerns include parasites that affect the eyes of waterfowl (Philophthalmus megalurus), a trematode that burrows into the cartilage of fish and can lead to death (Centrocestus formosanus), and a trematode that infects the muscle tissue of fish and causes multiple abnormalities (Haplorchis sp.). When parasite-infected fish or crustaceans are eaten by birds or mammals, the next stage of the life cycle is in place (fig. 2).
  3. Native snail species concerns include the potential displacement of invertebrate species that make up the natural nearshore benthic communities in BNP. M. tuberculatus has very high reproductive rates, reproduces via parthenogenesis, and is live bearing, factors which increase the survivability of the offspring and increase competition for limited resources.

These snails are considered to be freshwater animals in their native habitat of Southeast Asia. However, they have been collected in BNP in both estuarine and marine waters along the western margins of BNP and, as far as 1.7 kilometers (km) from shore at the Black Point canal inflow into Biscayne Bay (383 live per square meter (/m2 ). In BNP, M. tuberculatus is a benthic inhabitant grazing on micro algal components at the sediment surface. A documented population with as many as 23,000/m2 was observed at Snapper Creek, near Coral Gables, FL (Roessler and others, 1977), north of BNP.

Suggested Citation

Murray, J.B., Wingard, G.L., and Phillips, E.C., 2010, Distribution of the non-native astropod melanoides tuberculatus in Biscayne National Park Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1126, 18 p.

ISSN: 2331-1258 (online)

Study Area

Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Distribution of the non-native gastropod Melanoides tuberculatus in Biscayne National Park, Florida
Series title Open-File Report
Series number 2010-1126
DOI 10.3133/ofr20101126
Publication Date December 01, 2010
Year Published 2010
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
Description 7 p.
Country United States
State Florida
Other Geospatial Biscayne National Park
Additional publication details