Preliminary Geologic Map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and Parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the Epicentral Area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 Earthquake Near Sparta, North Carolina

Open-File Report 2026-1010
Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University
By: , and 

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  • Document: Report (42.7 MB pdf)
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    • USGS data release - Luminescence and radiocarbon data for—Geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake in Sparta, NC
    • USGS data release - Database for the preliminary geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina
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Introduction 

New bedrock and surficial geologic mapping in the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, investigates the geologic framework and causative mechanisms of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina. The mapping documents (1) the coseismic surface rupture from the 2020 earthquake and related brittle structures in the bedrock; (2) the fault contact between the western Blue Ridge and eastern Blue Ridge; (3) lithostratigraphy in the Lynchburg Group, Ashe Metamorphic Suite, and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suite; (4) the nature of the contact between the Lynchburg Group, Ashe Metamorphic Suite, and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suite; and (5) surficial deposits.

Plain Language Summary

The U.S. Geological Survey and cooperators mapped the bedrock and surficial geology of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles in North Carolina and Virginia to provide a detailed geologic framework of the August 9, 2020, magnitude 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina. The earthquake produced the first documented faulting that ruptured the surface in the eastern United States. The area is underlain by Precambrian (>541 million years old) igneous and metamorphic rocks in the north and strongly layered metamorphic rocks in the south, separated by a large Paleozoic fault zone (approximately 340 million years old). The regional geologic structural trends (the orientation of faults and rock formations) are aligned northeast to southwest. The surface rupture (Little River fault) from the 2020 earthquake, is mapped for 4 kilometers (~2.5 miles) and cuts across the older geologic structures in the bedrock. Evidence of prior faulting is documented in the Bledsoe Creek valley, where terrace gravels indicate that fault movement occurred before 460,000 years ago.

Suggested Citation

Merschat, A.J., Carter, M.W., Lynn, A.S., Weinmann, B.R., Odom, W.E., McAleer, R.J., Mahan, S.A., Stewart, K.G., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Crider, E.A., Jr., 2026, Preliminary geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1010, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261010.

ISSN: 2331-1258 (online)

Study Area

Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Discussion
  • Description of Map Units
  • Correlation of Map Units
  • Explanation of Map Symbols
  • Acknowledgments
  • References Cited
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Preliminary geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina
Series title Open-File Report
Series number 2026-1010
DOI 10.3133/ofr20261010
Publication Date May 04, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
Description Report: 1 p.; 2 Data Releases
Country United States
State North Carolina, Virginia
Other Geospatial Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles
Online Only (Y/N) Y
Additional Online Files (Y/N) N
Additional publication details