Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis
Scientific Investigations Report
2011-5198
Prepared with support from the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
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Abstract
This study by the U.S. Geological Survey, prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, quantifies the components of the hydrologic cycle across the Commonwealth of Virginia. Long-term, mean fluxes were calculated for precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, total evapotranspiration (ET), riparian ET, recharge, base flow (or groundwater discharge) and net total outflow. Fluxes of these components were first estimated on a number of real-time-gaged watersheds across Virginia. Specific conductance was used to distinguish and separate surface runoff from base flow. Specific-conductance data were collected every 15 minutes at 75 real-time gages for approximately 18 months between March 2007 and August 2008. Precipitation was estimated for 1971–2000 using PRISM climate data. Precipitation and temperature from the PRISM data were used to develop a regression-based relation to estimate total ET. The proportion of watershed precipitation that becomes surface runoff was related to physiographic province and rock type in a runoff regression equation. Component flux estimates from the watersheds were transferred to flux estimates for counties and independent cities using the ET and runoff regression equations. Only 48 of the 75 watersheds yielded sufficient data, and data from these 48 were used in the final runoff regression equation. The base-flow proportion for the 48 watersheds averaged 72 percent using specific conductance, a value that was substantially higher than the 61 percent average calculated using a graphical-separation technique (the USGS program PART). Final results for the study are presented as component flux estimates for all counties and independent cities in Virginia.
Suggested Citation
Sanford, W.E., Nelms, D.L., Pope, J.P., Selnick, D.L., 2012, Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5198, xi, 78 p.; PDF Download of Appendix 1; PDF Download of Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115198.
ISSN: 2328-0328 (online)
Study Area
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis |
| Series title | Scientific Investigations Report |
| Series number | 2011-5198 |
| DOI | 10.3133/sir20115198 |
| Year Published | 2012 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Publisher location | Reston, VA |
| Contributing office(s) | National Research Program, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program |
| Description | xi, 78 p.; PDF Download of Appendix 1; PDF Download of Appendix 2 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | Y |