Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Protocols—Sampling Hard-Rock Mine Waste and Perpetual Mine Water Sources

Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5068
Mineral Resources Program
By: , and 

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Abstract

Supporting the overarching goal to evaluate critical minerals nationwide, the mine waste characterization effort in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Mapping Resources Initiative has created a series of protocols to standardize sampling carried out under this effort by the participating State geological surveys and their cooperators. The protocols are based on published, reviewed methods that can be deployed in the field. The protocols include (1) collecting and processing composite samples of mine and mill waste, including tailings, waste rock, gangue, heap leach piles, ore stockpiles, slag, or other mineralized and processed materials and (2) collecting and preserving water samples from perpetual or long-term mine water sources. The protocols also specify information to document on field sheets and detail the collection of geospatial data. The analytical methods used by the USGS and USGS contract laboratories are described in this report, including the data delivery pathway for USGS-derived data.

Suggested Citation

Campbell, K.M., Seal, R.R., Piatak, N.M., Azain, J.S., Morrison, J.M., White, S.J., Manning, A.H., Walton-Day, K., Holloway, J.M., and Wang, B., 2025, Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5068, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255068.

ISSN: 2328-0328 (online)

Table of Contents

  • Acknowledgments
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Purpose and Scope
  • Protocols for Sampling Solids
  • Protocols for Water Sample Collection, Preservation, Measurement of Field Parameters and Flow
  • Field Sheet, Notes, and Observations
  • Collecting Geospatial Data
  • Sample Submission and Geochemical Analyses
  • Summary
  • References Cited
  • Appendix 1. Example Field Sheets
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources
Series title Scientific Investigations Report
Series number 2025-5068
DOI 10.3133/sir20255068
Publication Date September 22, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston VA
Contributing office(s) Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Description Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendix
Online Only (Y/N) Y
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