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Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling

Water Supply Paper 2369
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https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2369

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Abstract

A robust numerical model is presented for the computation of unsteady streamflow on steep river slopes. The one-dimensional model uses the method of characteristics on a specified space-time grid to solve the Saint-Venant equations. An additional continuity equation requirement on each space-time element provides greatly improved conservation of mass over traditional implementations of the method of characteristics on a fixed grid. The space-time geometry of the problem is described in a finite element setting. Hermite interpolation of channel parameters is used to avoid numerical difficulties that may occur with steep slopes due to discontinuities in the derivatives of data such as channel top width. Manning's equation for friction slope can be modified by a factor to make the slope more appropriate for steep rivers. The standard Manning's friction slope can also be used, if preferred. The computer model is not restricted to steep slopes, and applies as well to gently sloping streams. Two numerical examples support the mathematical approach and computational algorithm.

Suggested Citation

Sikonia, W.G., 1992, Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2369, vi, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2369.

Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling
Series title Water Supply Paper
Series number 2369
DOI 10.3133/wsp2369
Year Published 1992
Language ENGLISH
Publisher U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ; Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],
Description vi, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.
Additional publication details