A numerical model for the cooling of a lava sill with heat pipe effects
Kaj E. Williams, Colin M. Dundas, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi
2021, Techniques and Methods 13-B2
Understanding the cooling process of volcanic intrusions into wet sediments is a difficult but important problem, given the presence of extremely large temperature gradients and potentially complex water-magma interactions. This report presents a numerical model to study such interactions, including the effect of heat pipes on the cooling of volcanic...
Using fission-track radiography coupled with scanning electron microscopy for efficient identification of solid-phase uranium mineralogy at a former uranium pilot mill (Grand Junction, Colorado)
Raymond H. Johnson, Susan Hall, Aaron Tigar
2021, Geosciences (11)
At a former uranium pilot mill in Grand Junction, Colorado, mine tailings and some subpile sediments were excavated to various depths to meet surface radiological standards, but residual solid-phase uranium below these excavation depths still occurs at concentrations above background. The combination of fission-track...
Timing of iceberg scours and massive ice-rafting events in the subtropical North Atlantic
Alan Condron, Jenna C. Hill
2021, Nature Communications (12)
High resolution seafloor mapping shows extraordinary evidence that massive (>300 m thick) icebergs once drifted >5,000 km south along the eastern United States, with >700 iceberg scours now identified south of Cape Hatteras. Here we report on sediment cores collected from several buried scours that show multiple plow marks align with Heinrich...
Mapping of suspended sediment transport using acoustic methods in a Pantanal tributary
Liege F.K. Wosiacki, Hugo Koji Suekame, Molly S. Wood, Fabio Verissimo Goncalves, Tobias Bleninger
2021, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (193)
Generally, fluvial systems are used for different objectives including energy production, water supply, recreation, and navigation. Thus, many impacts must be considered with their use. An understanding of sediment dynamics in fluvial systems is often of value for a variety of objectives, given that erosion and depositional processes can change...
Influence of filter pore size on composition and relative abundance of bacterial communities and select host-specific MST markers in coastal waters of southern Lake Michigan
Muruleedhara Byappanahalli, Meredith B. Nevers, Dawn Shively, Cindy H Nakatsu, Julie L. Kinzelman, Mantha S. Phanikumar
2021, Frontiers in Microbiology (12)
Water clarity is often the primary guiding factor in determining whether a prefiltration step is needed to increase volumes processed for a range of microbial endpoints. In this study, we evaluate the effect of filter pore size on the bacterial communities detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and incidence of...
The ten steps to responsible Inland fisheries in practice: Reflections from diverse regional case studies around the globe
Steven J. Cooke, Elizabeth A. Nyboer, Abigail Bennett, Abigail J. Lynch, Dana M. Infante, Ian G. Cowx, T. Douglas Beard Jr., Devin Bartley, Craig Paukert, Andrea J. Reid, Simon Funge-Smith, Edith Gondwe, Emmanuel Kaunda, John D. Koehn, Nicholas J. Souter, Gretchen L. Stokes, Leandro Castello, Nancy J. Leonard, Christian Skov, Soren Berg, William W. Taylor
2021, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (31) 843-877
Inland fisheries make substantial contributions to food security and livelihoods locally, regionally, and globally but their conservation and management have been largely overlooked by policy makers. In an effort to remedy this limited recognition, a cross-sectoral community of scientists, practitioners, and policy...
Down to Earth with nuclear electromagnetic pulse: Realistic surface impedance affects mapping of the E3 geoelectric hazard
Jeffrey J. Love, Greg M. Lucas, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, E. Joshua Rigler, Anna Kelbert
2021, Earth and Space Sciences (8)
An analysis is made of Earth-surface geoelectric fields and voltages on electricity transmission power-grids induced by a late-phase E3 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A hypothetical scenario is considered of an explosion of several hundred kilotons set several hundred kilometers above the eastern-midcontinental United States. Ground-level E3 geoelectric...
Optimization of the Idaho National Laboratory water-quality aquifer monitoring network, southeastern Idaho
Jason C. Fisher, Roy C. Bartholomay, Gordon W. Rattray, Neil V. Maimer
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5031
Long-term monitoring of water-quality data collected from wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has provided essential information for delineating the movement of radiochemical and chemical wastes in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, southeastern Idaho. Since 1949, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of...
Electrical properties of carbon dioxide hydrate: Implications for monitoring CO2 in the gas hydrate stability zone
Laura A. Stern, S. Constable, Ryan Lu, Wyatt L. Du Frane, J. Murray Roberts
2021, Geophysical Research Letters (48)
CO2 and CH4 clathrate hydrates are of keen interest for energy and carbon cycle considerations. While both typically form on Earth as cubic structure I (sI), we find that pure CO2 hydrate exhibits over an order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity (σ) than pure CH4 hydrate at geologically relevant temperatures. The...
Introduced mangroves along the coast of Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i may represent novel habitats for megafaunal communities
Bryan A. Nakahara, Amanda Demopoulos, Yoshimi M. Rii, Rosanna A. Alegado, Kauaoa Fraiola, Craig R. Smith
2021, Pacific Science (75) 205-223
Mangrove forests are prevalent along tropical/subtropical coastlines and provide valuable ecosystem services including coastline stabilization, storm impact reduction, and enhanced coastal productivity. However, mangroves were absent from the Hawaiian Islands and their introduction to Moloka‘i in 1902 has provided an opportunity to examine their unique influence on coastal landscapes....
Groundwater and surface-water data from the C-aquifer monitoring program, Northeastern Arizona, 2012–2019
Casey J.R. Jones, Michael J. Robinson
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1051
The Coconino aquifer (C aquifer) is a regionally extensive multiple-aquifer system supplying water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah. This report focuses on the C aquifer in the arid to semi-arid area between St. Johns, Ariz., and Flagstaff, Ariz., along the...
Demographic responses to climate change in a threatened Arctic species
K.D. Dunham, A.M. Tucker, D.N. Koons, A. Abebe, F.S. Dobson, J. Barry Grand
2021, Ecology and Evolution (11) 10627-10643
The Arctic is undergoing rapid and accelerating change in response to global warming, altering biodiversity patterns, and ecosystem function across the region. For Arctic endemic species, our understanding of the consequences of such change remains limited. Spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri), a large Arctic sea duck, use remote regions in the...
Event scale relationships of DOC and TDN fluxes in throughfall and stemflow diverge from stream exports in a forested catchment
Kevin A. Ryan, Thomas Adler, Ann T. Chalmers, Julia Perdrial, James B. Shanley, Aron Stubbins
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (126)
Aquatic fluxes of carbon and nutrients link terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Within forests, storm events drive both the delivery of carbon and nitrogen to the forest floor and the export of these solutes from the land via streams. To increase understanding of the relationships between hydrologic event character and the...
Comparison of preservation and extraction methods on five taxonomically disparate coral microbiomes
Zoe A. Pratte, Christina A. Kellogg
2021, Frontiers in Marine Science (8)
All animals are host to a multitude of microorganisms that are essential to the animal’s health. Host-associated microbes have been shown to defend against potential pathogens, provide essential nutrients, interact with the host’s immune system, and even regulate mood. However, it can be difficult to preserve and obtain nucleic acids...
Long-term year-round observations of magmatic CO2 emissions on Mammoth Mountain, California, USA
Jennifer L. Lewicki
2021, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (418)
Diffuse emission of magmatic CO2 is one of the main indicators of volcanic unrest at Mammoth Mountain, but the presence of deep seasonal snowpack at the site has hindered year-round CO2 flux observations. A permanent eddy covariance station was established at the largest area of diffuse CO2 degassing...
A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry I: Carbon isotope transformations
Jennifer Druhan, Corey Lawrence, Aaron Covey, Max Giannetta, Jessica Oster
2021, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (311) 374-400
The majority of Critical Zone research has emphasized silicate lithologies, which are typified by relatively slow rates of reactivity and incongruent weathering. However, the relatively simpler weathering of carbonate-dominated lithology can result in secondary mineral deposits, such as speleothems, which provide a long-term archive for Critical Zone processes. In particular,...
Urbanization impacts on evapotranspiration across various spatio-temporal scales
Amirhossein Mazrooei, Meredith Reitz, Dingbao Wang, A. Sankarasubramanian
2021, Earth's Future (9)
Urbanization has been shown to locally increase the nighttime temperatures creating urban heat islands, which partly arise due to evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. It is unclear how the direction and magnitude of the change in local ET due to urbanization varies globally across different climatic regimes. This knowledge...
A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry II: Elemental signatures
Jessica Oster, Aaron Covey, Corey Lawrence, Max Giannetta, Jennifer Druhan
2021, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (311) 353-373
Karst systems are useful for examining spatial and temporal variability in Critical Zone processes because they provide a window into the subsurface where waters have interacted with vegetation, soils, regolith, and bedrock across a range of length and timescales. These hydrologic pathways frequently include the precipitation of speleothems, which provide long-term archives of climate and...
Influence of invasive submerged aquatic vegetation (E. densa) on currents and sediment transport in a freshwater tidal system
Jessica R. Lacy, Madeline R. Foster-Martinez, Rachel M. Allen, Judith Z. Drexler
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
We present a field study combining measurements of vegetation density, vegetative drag, and reduction of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) within patches of the invasive submerged aquatic plant Egeria densa. Our study was motivated by concern that sediment trapping by E. densa, which has proliferated in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, is impacting marsh accretion...
Seismic monitoring during crises at the NEIC in support of the ANSS
Paul S. Earle, Harley M. Benz, William L. Yeck, Gavin P. Hayes, Michelle M. Guy, John Patton, David Kragness, David B. Mason, Brian Shiro, Emily Wolin, John Bellini, Jana Pursley, Robert Lorne Sanders
2021, Seismological Research Letters (5) 2905-2914
Over the past two decades, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) has overcome many operational challenges. These range from minor disruptions, such as power outages, to significant operational changes, including system reconfiguration to handle unique earthquake sequences and the need to...
Spatial and temporal distribution of radio-tagged Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir and associated spawning tributaries, Northern California, 2015–17
Nathan Banet, David A. Hewitt, Amari Dolan-Caret, Alta C. Harris
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1061
Executive SummaryData from a multi-year radio telemetry study were used to assess seasonal distribution patterns for two long-lived, federally endangered catostomids across substantially different water conditions in Clear Lake Reservoir, northern California. Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers, two species endemic to the Klamath Basin, were...
Arizona and Landsat
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2021, Fact Sheet 2021-3039
Arizona is a land of massive grandeur, deep gorges, lofty mountains, immense plains, and elevated mesas—and, without question, its crown jewel is the Grand Canyon. The spectacular canyon, one of the seven natural wonders of the world, was created when the Colorado River carved a channel through northern Arizona, revealing...
Seismic and geodetic analysis of rupture characteristics of the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, earthquake
Chengli Liu, Thorne Lay, Frederick Pollitz, Jiao Xu, Xiong Xiong
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 3226-3236
The largest earthquake since 1954 to strike the state of Nevada, United States, ruptured on 15 May 2020 along the Monte Cristo range of west‐central Nevada. The Mw 6.5 event involved predominantly left‐lateral strike‐slip faulting with minor normal components on three aligned east–west‐trending faults that vary in strike by 23°....
Evaluation of camera trap-based abundance estimators for unmarked populations
S M Amburgey, Amy A. Yackel Adams, B. Gardner, N.J. Hostetter, S.R. Siers, B.T. McClintock, Sarah J. Converse
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Estimates of species abundance are critical to understand population processes and to assess and select management actions. However, capturing and marking individuals for abundance estimation, while providing robust information, can be economically and logistically prohibitive, particularly for species with cryptic behavior. Camera traps can be used to collect data at...
An efficient method to calculate depth-integrated, phase-averaged momentum balances in non-hydrostatic models
Renan F. da Silva, Dirk P. Rijnsdorp, Jeff E. Hansen, Ryan J. Lowe, Mark L. Buckley, Marcel Zijlema
2021, Ocean Modelling (165)
Analysis of the mean (wave-averaged) momentum balance is a common approach used to explain the physical forcing driving wave set-up and mean currents in the nearshore zone. Traditionally this approach has been applied to phase-averaged models but has more recently been applied...
