Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits
Thomas L. Holzer, Thomas E. Noce, Michael J. Bennett
2011, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (17) 1-21
Liquefaction probability curves that predict the probability of surface manifestations of earthquake-induced liquefaction are developed for 14 different types of surficial geologic units. The units consist of alluvial fan, beach ridge, river delta topset and foreset beds, eolian dune, point bar, flood basin, natural river and alluvial fan levees, abandoned...
Evaluation of offshore stocking of Lake Trout in Lake Ontario
B.F. Lantry, R. O'Gorman, T.G. Strang, J.R. Lantry, M.J. Connerton, T. Schanger
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 671-682
Restoration stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout Salvelinus namaycush has occurred in Lake Ontario since 1973. In U.S. waters, fish stocked through 1990 survived well and built a large adult population. Survival of yearlings stocked from shore declined during 1990–1995, and adult numbers fell during 1998–2005. Offshore stocking of lake trout...
Scientific drilling into the San Andreas Fault Zone - an overview of SAFOD's first five years
Mark Zoback, Stephen Hickman, William Ellsworth, SAFOD Science Team
2011, Scientific Drilling (11) 14-28
The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled to study the physical and chemical processes controlling faulting and earthquake generation along an active, plate-bounding fault at depth. SAFOD is located near Parkfield, California and penetrates a section of the fault that is moving due to a combination of...
Anticipated sediment delivery to the lower Elwha River during and following dam removal: Chapter 2 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal
Christiana R. Czuba, Timothy J. Randle, Jennifer A. Bountry, Christopher S. Magirl, Jonathan A. Czuba, Christopher A. Curran, Christopher P. Konrad
Jeffrey J. Duda, Jonathan A. Warrick, Christopher S. Magirl, editor(s)
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-2
During and after the planned incremental removal of two large, century-old concrete dams between 2011 and 2014, the sediment-transport regime in the lower Elwha River of western Washington will initially spike above background levels and then return to pre-dam conditions some years after complete dam removal. Measurements indicate the upper...
Aquatic ecology of the Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Chapter 7 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal
Jeffrey J. Duda, Matthew M. Beirne, Kimberly Larsen, Dwight Barry, Karl Stenberg, Michael L. McHenry
Jeffrey J. Duda, Jonathan A. Warrick, Christopher S. Magirl, editor(s)
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-7
The removal of two long-standing dams on the Elwha River in Washington State will initiate a suite of biological and physical changes to the estuary at the river mouth. Estuaries represent a transition between freshwater and saltwater, have unique assemblages of plants and animals, and are a critical habitat for...
The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline
David R. Stewart
2011, Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science (91) 31-36
Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been extensively used for marking a variety of fish species, but has never been successfully used to mark channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish fingerlings (~ 25 mm TL) obtained from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at Byron Fish Hatchery were kept in Living Streams (791...
Avian communities in tidal salt marshes of San Francisco Bay: A review of functional groups by foraging guild and habitat association
John Y. Takekawa, Isa Woo, Rachel J. Gardiner, Michael L. Casazza, Joshua T. Ackerman, Nadav Nur, Leonard Liu, Hildie Spautz
Arnas Palaima, editor(s)
2011, San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science (9) 1-24
The San Francisco Bay estuary is highly urbanized, but it supports the largest remaining extent of tidal salt marshes on the west coast of North America as well as a diverse native bird community. San Francisco Bay tidal marshes are occupied by more than 113 bird species that represent 31...
Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma
Michael R. Gatlin, James M. Long
2011, Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science (91) 11-14
The longnose darter Percina nasuta (Bailey) is one of Oklahoma’s rarest fish species (1) and is listed by the state as endangered. Throughout the rest of its range, which includes Missouri, Arkansas and the far eastern portion of Oklahoma, the longnose darter is classified as “rare” or “threatened” (2, 3,...
Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA
Therese Donovan, Mark Freeman, Hanem Abouelezz, Kim Royar, Alan D. Howard, R. Mickey
2011, Biological Conservation (144) 2799-2809
We demonstrate how home range and habitat use analysis can inform landscape-scale conservation planning for the bobcat, Lynx rufus, in Vermont USA. From 2005 to 2008, we outfitted fourteen bobcats with GPS collars that collected spatially explicit locations from individuals every 4 h for 3–4 months. Kernel home range techniques were used to...
Representation of bidirectional ground motions for design spectra in building codes
Jonathan P. Stewart, Norman A. Abrahamson, Gail M. Atkinson, Jack W. Beker, David M. Boore, Yousef Bozorgnia, Kenneth W. Campbell, Craig D. Comartin, I.M. Idriss, Marshall Lew, Michael Mehrain, Jack P. Moehle, Farzad Naeim, Thomas A. Sabol
2011, Earthquake Spectra (27) 927-937
The 2009 NEHRP Provisions modified the definition of horizontal ground motion from the geometric mean of spectral accelerations for two components to the peak response of a single lumped mass oscillator regardless of direction. These maximum-direction (MD) ground motions operate under the assumption that the dynamic properties of the structure...
Clinical pathology results from cranes with experimental West Nile Virus infection
Glenn H. Olsen
2011, Book, Proceedings of the Association of Avian Veterinarians
Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) were vaccinated for and then challenged with West Nile virus. Resulting titers demonstrated protection in the vaccinated-challenged cranes as compared to the unvaccinated-challenged cranes. Clinical pathology results showed challenged cranes, whether vaccinated or not, had a decrease in their hematocrits and an elevation of 2.5-fold in...
Estimating unknown input parameters when implementing the NGA ground-motion prediction equations in engineering practice
James Kaklamanos, Laurie G. Baise, David M. Boore
2011, Earthquake Spectra (27) 1219-1235
The ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA-West) project in 2008 are becoming widely used in seismic hazard analyses. However, these new models are considerably more complicated than previous GMPEs, and they require several more input parameters. When employing the NGA...
Seasonally dynamic diel vertical migrations of Mysis diluviana, coregonine fishes, and siscowet lake trout in the pelagia of western Lake Superior
Tyler D. Ahrenstorff, Thomas R. Hrabik, Jason D. Stockwell, Daniel L. Yule, Greg G. Sass
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 1504-1520
Diel vertical migrations are common among many aquatic species and are often associated with changing light levels. The underlying mechanisms are generally attributed to optimizing foraging efficiency or growth rates and avoiding predation risk (μ). The objectives of this study were to (1) assess seasonal and interannual changes in vertical...
Seismic hazard maps for Haiti
Arthur Frankel, Stephen Harmsen, Charles Mueller, Eric Calais, Jennifer Haase
2011, Earthquake Spectra (27) S23-S41
We have produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Haiti for peak ground acceleration and response spectral accelerations that include the hazard from the major crustal faults, subduction zones, and background earthquakes. The hazard from the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden, Septentrional, and Matheux-Neiba fault zones was estimated using fault slip rates determined from...
Functional ecology of free-living nitrogen fixation: A contemporary perspective
Sasha C. Reed, Cory C. Cleveland, Alan R. Townsend
2011, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics (42) 489-512
Nitrogen (N) availability is thought to frequently limit terrestrial ecosystem processes, and explicit consideration of N biogeochemistry, including biological N2 fixation, is central to understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Yet, the importance of free-living N2 fixation—a process that occurs on a wide variety of substrates, is nearly ubiquitous in...
Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia
Zachary J. Loughman, Thomas P. Simon, Stuart A. Welsh
2011, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (124) 99-111
Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Greenbrier River basin in the Valley and Ridge province of West Virginia. Within the Greenbrier system it occurs primarily in tributaries to the Greenbrier mainstem, with stable populations in the East and West Fork, and Thorny, Knapp, and Deer...
Nearshore biological communities prior to the removal of the Elwha River dams: Chapter 6 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal
Stephen P. Rubin, Ian M. Miller, Nancy Elder, Reginald R. Reisenbichler, Jeffrey J. Duda
Jeffrey J. Duda, Jonathan A. Warrick, Christopher S. Magirl, editor(s)
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-6
Increases in sediment delivery to coastal waters are expected following removal of dams on the Elwha River, Washington, potentially increasing sediment deposition on the seafloor and suspended sediment in the water column. Biological communities inhabiting shallow, subtidal depths (3–18 m) near the mouth of the Elwha River, between the west end...
Selectivity evaluation for two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample Lake Erie walleyes
Christopher S. Vandergoot, Patrick M. Kocovsky, Travis O. Brenden, Weihai Liu
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 832-842
We used length frequencies of captured walleyes Sander vitreus to indirectly estimate and compare selectivity between two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample fish in Lake Erie: (1) a multifilament configuration currently used by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) with stretched-measure mesh sizes ranging from 51 to 127...
Regional correlations of VS30 averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters
David M. Boore, Eric M. Thompson, Heloise Cadet
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 3046-3059
Using velocity profiles from sites in Japan, California, Turkey, and Europe, we find that the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m (VS30), used as a proxy for site amplification in recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and building codes, is strongly correlated with average velocities to depths less than 30 m...
Pelagic Piscivory Under Shifting Environmental Gradients: Application of A Visual Foraging Model To Diel and Seasonal Sonic Telemetry of Cutthroat Trout In Strawberry Reservoir
David A. Beauchamp, Adam G. Hansen, Casey M. Baldwin
2011, Conference Paper, Abstracts from the 2011 Joint Annual Meeting of the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology and Washington Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Held at the Wesley Inn, Gig Harbor, Washington, March 23�25, 2011, Northwestern Naturalist, v.92, no.2, p. 136�166
Using the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure
Shinji Toda, Jian Lin, Ross S. Stein
2011, Earth, Planets and Space (63) 725-730
The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provides an unprecedented test of the extent to which Coulomb stress transfer governs the triggering of aftershocks. During 11-31 March, there were 177 aftershocks with focal mechanisms, and so the Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture can be resolved on the aftershock nodal...
Testing long-period ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes using the Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock: Evaluation of finite-fault rupture characterization and 3D seismic velocity models
Robert W. Graves, Brad T. Aagaard
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 895-907
Using a suite of five hypothetical finite-fault rupture models, we test the ability of long-period (T>2.0 s) ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes to produce waveforms throughout southern California consistent with those recorded during the 4 April 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. The hypothetical ruptures are generated using the methodology proposed by <a...
Population demographics of catostomids in large river ecosystems: effects of discharge and temperature on recruitment dynamics and growth
M.C. Quist, J.R. Spiegel
2011, River Research and Applications (28) 1567-1586
Catostomids are among the most widespread and ecologically important groups of fishes in North America, particularly in large river systems. Despite their importance, little information is available on their population demographics and even less is known about factors influencing their population dynamics. The objectives of this study were to describe...
Book review: Birds of Wyoming
N.B. Carr
2011, Prairie Naturalist (43) 66-67
"Wyoming may very well be one of the least birded states in the U.S." So begins this book, underscoring the challenges in summarizing existing knowledge for a state that falls next to last in human population density. Despite the relative dearth of "binoculars on the ground," especially in more remote...
Meteorites at Meridiani Planum provide evidence for significant amounts of surface and near-surface water on early Mars
Alberto G. Fairen, James M. Dohm, Victor R. Baker, Shane D. Thompson, William C. Mahaney, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, Alfonso F. Davila, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, M. Ramy El Maarry, Esther R. Uceda, Ricardo Amils, Hirdy Miyamoto, Kyeong J. Kim, Robert C. Anderson, Christopher P. McKay
2011, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (46) 1832-1841
Six large iron meteorites have been discovered in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity in a nearly 25 km-long traverse. Herein, we review and synthesize the available data to propose that the discovery and characteristics of the six meteorites could be explained as the...
