Meat and bone meal and mineral feed additives may increase the risk of oral prion disease transmission
Christopher J. Johnson, Debbie McKenzie, Joel A. Pedersen, Judd M. Aiken
2011, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A (74) 161-166
Ingestion of prion-contaminated materials is postulated to be a primary route of prion disease transmission. Binding of prions to soil (micro)particles dramatically enhances peroral disease transmission relative to unbound prions, and it was hypothesized that micrometer-sized particles present in other consumed materials may affect prion disease transmission via the oral...
Aftershock distribution as a constraint on the geodetic model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake
Ninfa Bennington, Clifford Thurber, Kurt Feigl, Murray-Moraleda Jessica
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 1553-1565
Several studies of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake have linked the spatial distribution of the event’s aftershocks to the mainshock slip distribution on the fault. Using geodetic data, we find a model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake with the constraint that the edges of coseismic slip patches align...
Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically "conservative" tracers electrically conservative?
Kamini Singha, Li Li, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Aaron B. Regberg
2011, Geophysics (76) F53-F63
The concept of a nonreactive or conservative tracer, commonly invoked in investigations of solute transport, requires additional study in the context of electrical geophysical monitoring. Tracers that are commonly considered conservative may undergo reactive processes, such as ion exchange, thus changing the aqueous composition of the system. As a result,...
Host specificity and ecology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in Pacific salmonids
Gael Kurath, A. K. Garver K., M. K. Purcell, Ma. Penaranda Michelle, Svetlana Rudakova Svetlana
R. C. Cipriano, A.W. Bruckner, I.S. Shchelkunov, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, Bridging America and Russia with shared perspectives on aquatic animal health: Proceedings of the Third Bilateral Conference between Russia and the United States
Some circumstances IHNV infection can cause acute disease with mortality ranging from 5-90% in host populations. Genetic typing of IHNV field isolates has shown that three major genetic groups of the virus occur in North America. These groups are designated the U, M, and L virus genogroups because they occur...
Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents
Steven E. Hanser, Matthias Leu, Cameron L. Aldridge, Scott E. Nielsen, Steven T. Knick
2011, Book chapter, Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins
Small mammal communities living in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) may be sensitive to habitat isolation and invasion by exotic grass species. Yet there have been no spatially explicit models to improve our understanding of landscape-scale factors determining small mammal occurrence or abundance. We live-trapped small mammals at 186 locations in the...
Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features
Scott E. Nielsen, Cameron L. Aldridge, Steven E. Hanser, Matthias Leu, Steven T. Knick
2011, Book chapter, Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins
The invasion of non-native plants in the Wyoming Basins Ecoregional Assessment (WBEA) area is a major economic and ecological stress, with invasions thought to be hastened by energy developments. Given the potential impacts of nonnative invasive plants and the rapid changes in land use in the WBEA, broad-scale assessments and...
Chapter 11: Management considerations
Steven T. Knick, Steven E. Hanser, Matthias Leu, Cameron L. Aldridge, Scott E. Nielsen, Mary M. Rowland, Sean P. Finn, Michael J. Wisdom
2011, Book chapter, Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins
We conducted an ecoregional assessment of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Wyoming Basins and surrounding regions (WBEA) to determine broad-scale species-environmental relationships. Our goal was to assess the potential influence from threats to the sagebrush ecosystem on associated wildlife through the use of spatially explicit occurrence and abundance models....
Book review: The Tallgrass Prairie Center guide to seed and seedling identification in the Upper Midwest
Diane L. Larson, Susan M. Galatowitsch
2011, Prairie Naturalist (43)
This attractive, slim volume provides a wonderful introduction to a neglected aspect of prairie plant identification: seeds and seedlings. Williams, and the illustrator Brent Butler, take the mystery out of dichotomous keys with clear descriptions, vivid illustrations, and abundant photographs of characteristics that distinguish common, tallgrass prairie, seedlings. A botanical...
Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas)
Erin Muths, Rick D. Scherer
2011, Herpetologica (67) 369-377
Much attention has been given to the conservation of small populations, those that are small because of decline, and those that are naturally small. Small populations are of particular interest because ecological theory suggests that they are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of environmental, demographic, and genetic stochasticity as well...
A new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from North Carolina with additional records for North Carolina and Virginia
B.C. Kondratieff, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat
2011, Illiesia (7) 297-301
Twenty-eight species of Nearctic Perlesta are currently recognized (Stark 1989, 2004; Kondratieff et al. 2006, 2008; Grubbs and DeWalt 2008, Grubbs and DeWalt 2011, Kondratieff and Myers 2011). Interestingly, but needing confirmation, Perlesta has been recently recorded from Central America (Gutiérrez-Fonseca and Springer 2011). Continued collecting and study of Perlesta...
Allelopathic cover crop prior to seeding is more important than subsequent grazing/mowing in grassland establishment
Daniel G. Milchunas, Mark W. Vandever, Leonard O. Ball, Skip Hyberg
2011, Rangeland Ecology and Management (64) 291-300
The effects of grazing, mowing, and type of cover crop were evaluated in a previous winter wheat–fallow cropland seeded to grassland under the Conservation Reserve Program in eastern Colorado. Prior to seeding, the fallow strips were planted to forage sorghum or wheat in alternating strips (cover crops), with no grazing,...
Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2)
A.M. Haywood, Harry J. Dowsett, Marci M. Robinson, Danielle K. Stoll, A.M. Dolan, D.J. Lunt, B. Otto-Bliesner, M.A. Chandler
2011, Geoscientific Model Development (4) 571-577
The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The...
Assessment of mangrove forests in the Pacific region using Landsat imagery
Bibek Bhattarai, Chandra Giri
2011, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (5)
The information on the mangrove forests for the Pacific region is scarce or outdated. A regional assessment based on a consistent methodology and data sources was needed to understand their true extent. Our investigation offers a regionally consistent, high resolution (30 m), and the most comprehensive mapping of mangrove forests...
Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree
Catherine S. Jarnevich, Lindsay V. Reynolds
2011, Biological Invasions (13) 153-163
Understanding the potential spread of invasive species is essential for land managers to prevent their establishment and restore impacted habitat. Habitat suitability modeling provides a tool for researchers and managers to understand the potential extent of invasive species spread. Our goal was to use habitat suitability modeling to map potential...
Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada
Joseph P. Colgan, Christopher D. Henry, David A. John
2011, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 174
The Eocene (34 Ma) Caetano caldera in north-central Nevada offers an exceptional opportunity to study the physical and petrogenetic evolution of a large (20 km by 10–18 km pre-extensional dimensions) silicic magma chamber, from precursor magmatism to caldera collapse and intrusion of resurgent plutons. Caldera-related rocks shown on this map...
Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters
Natalia G. Ruppert, Stephanie G. Prejean, Roger A. Hansen
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (116)
An energetic seismic swarm accompanied an eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in the central Aleutian volcanic arc in August of 2008. In retrospect, the first earthquakes in the swarm were detected about 1 month prior to the eruption onset. Activity in the swarm quickly intensified less than 48 h prior to...
I3N risk assessment and pathway analysis: Tools for the prevention of biological invasions
Annie Simpson, Elizabeth A. Sellers
2011, Conference Paper, Plant invasions: Policies, politics, and practices; Proceedings of the 5th Biennial Weeds Across Borders Conference
Information on invasive alien species from published and unpublished accounts and databases is usually scattered in locations and formats that are not easily accessible. Customized informatics tools for collecting and organizing invasive species information can help resource managers better control biological invasions. The Invasives Information Network (I3N) of the Inter-American...
Geophysical setting of the February 21, 2008 Mw 6 Wells earthquake, Nevada, and implications for earthquake hazards
David A. Ponce, Janet T. Watt, C. Bouligand
2011, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36
We utilize gravity and magnetic methods to investigate the regional geophysical setting of the Wells earthquake. In particular, we delineate major crustal structures that may have played a role in the location of the earthquake and discuss the geometry of a nearby sedimentary basin that may have contributed to observed...
Tracking the autumn migration of the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) with satellite telemetry and relationship to environmental conditions
Yaonan Zhang, Meiyu Hao, John Y. Takekawa, Fumin Lei, Baoping Yan, Diann J. Prosser, David C. Douglas, Zhi Xing, Scott H. Newman
2011, International Journal of Zoology (2011)
The autumn migration routes of bar-headed geese captured before the 2008 breeding season at Qinghai Lake, China, were documented using satellite tracking data. To assess how the migration strategies of bar-headed geese are influenced by environmental conditions, the relationship between migratory routes, temperatures, and vegetation coverage at stopovers sites estimated...
Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM
Wolfgang Schmid, Emin Dogural, Randall T. Hanson, Tariq Kadir, Francis Chung
2011, Technical Information Record TIR-2
Two hydrologic models, MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) and the Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), are compared with respect to each model’s capabilities of simulating land-use hydrologic processes, surface-water routing, and groundwater flow. Of major concern among the land-use processes was the consumption of water through evaporation and transpiration...
The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures
Christopher S. Henry, Joseph P. Colgan
2011, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36
The 2008 Wells earthquake occurred on a northeast-striking, southeast-dipping fault that is clearly delineated by the aftershock swarm to a depth of 10-12 km below sea level. However, Cenozoic rocks and structures around Wells primarily record east-west extension along north- to north-northeast-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed during the middle...
Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies
K. E. B. Gurney, Russell G. Clark, Stuart Slattery, N. V. Smith-Downey, Jordan I. Walker, L. M. Armstrong, S. E. Stephens, Michael J. Petrula, R. M. Corcoran, K. Martin, K. A. Degroot, Rodney W. Brook, Alan D. Afton, K. Cutting, J. M. Warren, M. Fournier, David N. Koons
2011, Ecography (34) 628-636
Organisms that reproduce in temperate regions have limited time to produce offspring successfully, and this constraint is expected to be more pronounced in areas with short growing seasons. Information concerning how reproductive ecology of endotherms might be influenced by growing season length (GSL) is rare, and species that breed over...
Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data
Karl J. Ellefsen, Aldo T. Mazzella, Robert Horton, Jason R. McKenna
2011, Geophysics (76)
Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data estimates the logarithm of complex slowness for a 2.5D heterogeneous model. The inversion is formulated in the frequency domain using the vector Helmholtz equation. The objective function is minimized using a back-propagation method that is suitable for a 2.5D model and that...
Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole Wetland, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA
JoAnn M. Holloway, Martin B. Goldhaber, Christopher T. Mills
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26, supplement) S44-S47
The concentration and form of dissolved organic C (DOC) and N species (NH4+ and NO3-) were investigated as part of a larger hydrogeochemical study of the Cottonwood Lake Study Area within the Prairie Potholes region. Groundwater, pore water and surface wetland water data were used to help characterize the relationships...
Larval fish dynamics in spring pools in middle Tennessee
Phillip William Bettoli, C.A. Goldsworthy
2011, Southeastern Naturalist (10) 145-154
We used lighted larval traps to assess reproduction by fishes inhabiting nine spring pools in the Barrens Plateau region of middle Tennessee between May and September 2004. The traps (n = 162 deployments) captured the larval or juvenile forms of Etheostoma crossopterum (Fringed Darter) (n = 188), Gambusia affinis (Western...
