Tourmaline as a recorder of ore-forming processes
John F. Slack, Robert B. Trumbull
2011, Elements (7) 321-326
Tourmaline occurs in diverse types of hydrothermal mineral deposits and can be used to constrain the nature and evolution of ore-forming fl uids. Because of its broad range in composition and retention of chemical and isotopic signatures, tourmaline may be the only robust recorder of original mineralizing processes in some...
Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) using ICESat geodetic control
C.C. Carabajal, D.J. Harding, J.-P. Boy, Jeffrey J. Danielson, D.B. Gesch, V.P. Suchdeo
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior (ESI) Program, we are producing a global set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimetry data. From February of 2003, to October of 2009, ICESat obtained nearly global measurements of land topography (+/- 86deg...
Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA
Samantha Badil, Diane G. Elliott, Tomofumi Kurobe, Ronald P. Hedrick, Kathy Clemens, Marilyn Blair, Maureen K. Purcell
2011, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (23) 19-29
Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha...
Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change
Z. Fan, J. C. Neff, J.W. Harden, T. Zhang, H. Veldhuis, C.I. Czimczik, G.C. Winston, J. A. O'Donnell
2011, Science of the Total Environment (409) 1836-1842
Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared...
Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands
K.L. Wolf, C. Ahn, G.B. Noe
2011, Ecological Engineering (37) 1398-1406
Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography...
A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference
G. Seo, D.L. DeAngelis
2011, Journal of Nonlinear Science (21) 811-833
The most widely used functional response in describing predator-prey relationships is the Holling type II functional response, where per capita predation is a smooth, increasing, and saturating function of prey density. Beddington and DeAngelis modified the Holling type II response to include interference of predators that increases with predator density....
A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport
J.E. McKenna Jr., M.A. Chalupnicki
2011, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (26) 123-132
The redistribution of suspended organisms and materials by large-scale currents is part of natural ecological processes in large aquatic systems but can contribute to ecosystem disruption when exotic elements are introduced into the system. Toxic compounds and planktonic organisms spend various lengths of time in suspension before settling to the...
Seasonal timing of first rain storms affects rare plant population dynamics
J.M. Levine, A. K. McEachern, C. Cowan
2011, Ecology (92) 2236-2247
A major challenge in forecasting the ecological consequences of climate change is understanding the relative importance of changes to mean conditions vs. changes to discrete climatic events, such as storms, frosts, or droughts. Here we show that the first major storm of the growing season strongly influences the population dynamics...
Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach
Michael J. Friedel
2011, Environmental Modelling and Software (26) 1660-1674
Few studies attempt to model the range of possible post-fire hydrologic and geomorphic hazards because of the sparseness of data and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among landscape variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data...
Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method
Wu-Cheng Chi, W.H.K. Lee, J.A.D. Aston, C.J. Lin, C.-C. Liu
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 3105-3109
We develop a new way to invert 2D translational waveforms using Jaeger's (1969) formula to derive rotational ground motions about one axis and estimate the errors in them using techniques from statistical multivariate analysis. This procedure can be used to derive rotational ground motions and strains using arrayed translational data,...
Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: Modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts
E.A. Marschall, M. E. Mather, D.L. Parrish, G.W. Allison, J.R. McMenemy
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 3014-3031
Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing...
Nocturnal aerosol optical depth measurements with a small-aperture automated photometer using the moon as a light source
T.A. Berkoff, M. Sorokin, T. Stone, T.F. Eck, R. Hoff, E. Welton, B. Holben
2011, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (28) 1297-1306
A method is described that enables the use of lunar irradiance to obtain nighttime aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements using a small-aperture photometer. In this approach, the U.S. Geological Survey lunar calibration system was utilized to provide high-precision lunar exoatmospheric spectral irradiance predictions for a ground-based sensor location, and when...
Foaling rates in feral horses treated with the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida
J.I. Ransom, J. E. Roelle, B.S. Cade, L. Coates-Markle, A.J. Kane
2011, Wildlife Society Bulletin (35) 343-352
Locally abundant feral horses (Equus caballus) can rapidly deplete available resources. Fertility control agents present promising nonlethal tools for reducing their population growth rates. We tested the effect of 2 forms of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on foaling rates in 3 populations of feral horses in the western...
Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis
D. Seccia, C. Chiarabba, P. De Gori, I. Bianchi, D.P. Hill
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
We present a new P wave and S wave velocity model for the upper crust beneath Long Valley Caldera obtained using local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis. We computed the tomographic model using both a graded inversion scheme and a traditional approach. We complement the tomographic I/P model with...
U.S. DOE methodology for the development of geologic storage potential for carbon dioxide at the national and regional scale
Angela Goodman, J. Alexandra Hakala, Grant Bromhal, Dawn Deel, Traci Rodosta, Scott Frailey, Michael Small, Doug Allen, Vyacheslav Romanov, Jim Fazio, Nicolas Huerta, Dustin McIntyre, Barbara Kutchko, George Guthrie
2011, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (5) 952-965
A detailed description of the United States Department of Energy (US-DOE) methodology for estimating CO2 storage potential for oil and gas reservoirs, saline formations, and unmineable coal seams is provided. The oil and gas reservoirs are assessed at the field level, while saline formations and unmineable coal seams are assessed...
Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona
Kyle W. Blasch
2011, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (73) 63-74
Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow...
Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams
J.A. Mullen, R.G. Bramblett, C.S. Guy, A.V. Zale, D.W. Roberts
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 271-281
Prairie streams are known for their harsh and stochastic physical conditions, and the fish assemblages therein have been shown to be temporally variable. We assessed the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in five intermittent, adventitious northwestern Great Plains streams representing a gradient of watershed areas. Fish assemblages...
Unique geologic insights from "non-unique" gravity and magnetic interpretation
R. W. Saltus, R.J. Blakely
2011, GSA Today (21) 4-11
Interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies is mathematically non-unique because multiple theoretical solutions are always possible. The rigorous mathematical label of "nonuniqueness" can lead to the erroneous impression that no single interpretation is better in a geologic sense than any other. The purpose of this article is to present a...
Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl
Robert J. Dusek, Jeffrey S. Hall, Sean W. Nashold, Joshua L. Teslaa, Hon S. Ip
2011, Avian Diseases (55) 674-676
The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection of avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Blood was collected 2 wk after infection and was preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto Nobuto strips. Analysis of...
Evidence for low-grade metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, and diagenesis on Mars from phyllosilicate mineral assemblages
Bethany L. Ehlmann, John F Mustard, Roger N. Clark, Gregg A. Swayze, Scott L. Murchie
2011, Clays and Clay Minerals (59) 359-377
The enhanced spatial and spectral resolution provided by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has led to the discovery of numerous hydrated silicate minerals on Mars, particularly in the ancient, cratered crust comprising the southern highlands. Phases recently identified using visible/near-infrared spectra...
New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure
J.J. Butler, W. Jin, G.A. Mohammed, E.C. Reboulet
2011, Ground Water (49) 525-533
Hydrologists have long recognized that changes in barometric pressure can produce changes in water levels in wells. The barometric response function (BRF) has proven to be an effective means to characterize this relationship; we show here how it can also be utilized to glean valuable insights into semi-confined aquifer systems....
Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor
N. Linde, J. Doetsch, D. Jougnot, O. Genoni, Y. Durst, B. J. Minsley, T. Vogt, N. Pasquale, J. Luster
2011, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (15) 729-742
Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on...
Kin encounter rate and inbreeding avoidance in canids
E. Geffen, M. Kam, R. Hefner, P. Hersteinsson, A. Angerbjorn, L. Dalen, E. Fuglei, K. Noren, J.R. Adams, J. Vucetich, T.J. Meier, L.D. Mech, B.M. Vonholdt, D.R. Stahler, R.K. Wayne
2011, Molecular Ecology (20) 5348-5358
Mating with close kin can lead to inbreeding depression through the expression of recessive deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Mate selection may be affected by kin encounter rate, and inbreeding avoidance may not be uniform but associated with age and social system. Specifically, selection for kin recognition and inbreeding...
Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands
Amy J. Symstad, Jayne L. Jonas
2011, Rangeland Ecology and Management (64) 555-572
Indicators of rangeland health generally do not include a measure of biodiversity. Increasing attention to maintaining biodiversity in rangelands suggests that this omission should be reconsidered, and plant species richness and diversity are two metrics that may be useful and appropriate. Ideally, their response to a variety of anthropogenic and...
Monitoring direct and indirect climate effects on whitebark pine ecosystems at Crater Lake National park
S.B. Smith, D.C. Odion, D.A. Sarr, K.M. Irvine
2011, Park Science (28)
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is the distinctive, often stunted, and picturesque tree line species in the American West. As a result of climate change, mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) have moved up in elevation, adding to nonnative blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) disease as a major cause of mortality in whitebark...
