Verifying a computational method for predicting extreme ground motion
R.A. Harris, M. Barall, D.J. Andrews, B. Duan, S. Ma, E.M. Dunham, A.-A. Gabriel, Y. Kaneko, Y. Kase, Brad T. Aagaard, D. D. Oglesby, J.-P. Ampuero, Thomas C. Hanks, N. Abrahamson
2011, Seismological Research Letters (82) 638-644
In situations where seismological data is rare or nonexistent, computer simulations may be used to predict ground motions caused by future earthquakes. This is particularly practical in the case of extreme ground motions, where engineers of special buildings may need to design for an event that has not been historically...
Parallelization of GeoClaw code for modeling geophysical flows with adaptive mesh refinement on many-core systems
S. Zhang, D.A. Yuen, A. Zhu, S. Song, David L. George
2011, Conference Paper, 14th IEEE Int. Conf. on Computational Science and Engineering, CSE 2011 and 11th Int. Symp. on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks, I-SPA 2011 and 10th IEEE Int. Conf. on IUCC 2011
We parallelized the GeoClaw code on one-level grid using OpenMP in March, 2011 to meet the urgent need of simulating tsunami waves at near-shore from Tohoku 2011 and achieved over 75% of the potential speed-up on an eight core Dell Precision T7500 workstation [1]. After submitting that work to SC11...
Ascent of neotropical migratory fish in the Itaipu Reservoir fish pass
S. Makrakis, L.E. Miranda, L.C. Gomes, M.C. Makrakis, H.M.F. Junior
2011, River Research and Applications (27) 511-519
The Piracema Canal is a complex 10-km fish pass system that climbs 120m to connect the Paran?? River to the Itaipu Reservoir along the Brazil-Paraguay border. The canal was constructed to allow migratory fishes to reach suitable habitats for reproduction and feeding in tributaries upstream from the reservoir. The Piracema...
Patterns in young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses
S.K. Brewer
2011, Fisheries Management and Ecology (18) 506-512
Young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepéde, were evaluated in streams from eight catchments with two contrasting land uses to determine their use of microhabitats under a variety of stream conditions. Step‐wise discriminant function analyses revealed patterns of habitat use by discriminating used from available microhabitat conditions. Velocity was significant in 88%...
Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications
N. Kumar, G. Voulgaris, John C. Warner
2011, Coastal Engineering (58) 1097-1117
Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v 3.0), a three-dimensional numerical ocean model, was previously enhanced for shallow water applications by including wave-induced radiation stress forcing provided through coupling to wave propagation models (SWAN, REF/DIF). This enhancement made it suitable for surf zone applications as demonstrated using examples of obliquely incident...
Survival of European mouflon (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Hawai'i based on tooth cementum lines
S.C. Hess, R.M. Stephens, T.L. Thompson, R.M. Danner, B. Kawakami Jr.
2011, Pacific Science (65) 59-67
Reliable techniques for estimating age of ungulates are necessary to determine population parameters such as age structure and survival. Techniques that rely on dentition, horn, and facial patterns have limited utility for European mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon), but tooth cementum lines may offer a useful alternative. Cementum lines may...
Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data from Chandrayaan-1
J. Whitten, J.W. Head, M. Staid, C.M. Pieters, J. Mustard, R. Clark, J. Nettles, R.L. Klima, L. Taylor
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116) 1-33
Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) image and spectral reflectance data are combined to analyze mare basalt units in and adjacent to the Orientale multiring impact basin. Models are assessed for the relationships between basin formation and mare basalt emplacement. Mare basalt emplacement on the western nearside limb began prior to the...
Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences
Vanessa R. von Biela, Christian E. Zimmerman, L.L. Moulton
2011, Journal of Fish Biology (78) 39-56
Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young‐of‐year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long‐term response of a high‐latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r2 = 0·29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed,...
Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction
Kenneth L. Cole, Kirsten Ironside, Jon K. Eischeid, Gregg Garfin, Phil Duffy, Chris Toney
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 137-149
The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed ;11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua...
Implications of chronic wasting disease, cougar predation, and reduced recruitment for elk management
G.A. Sargeant, D.C. Weber, D.E. Roddy
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 171-177
Emerging diseases and expanding carnivore populations may have profound implications for ungulate harvest management and population regulation. To better understand effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and cougar (Puma concolor) predation, we studied mortality and recruitment of elk (Cervus elaphus) at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) during 2005-2009. We marked...
Expansion rate and geometry of floating vegetation mats on the margins of thermokarst lakes, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA
A.D. Parsekian, Benjamin M. Jones, M. Jones, G. Grosse, Anthony K.M. Walter, L. Slater
2011, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (36) 1889-1897
Investigations on the northern Seward Peninsula in Alaska identified zones of recent (<50 years) permafrost collapse that led to the formation of floating vegetation mats along thermokarst lake margins. The occurrence of floating vegetation mat features indicates rapid degradation of near‐surface permafrost and lake expansion. This paper reports on the recent...
Climate change, uncertainty, and natural resource management
J.D. Nichols, M.D. Koneff, P.J. Heglund, M. G. Knutson, M.E. Seamans, J. E. Lyons, J.M. Morton, M.T. Jones, G.S. Boomer, B. Kenneth Williams
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 6-18
Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making...
Effects of simultaneous climate change and geomorphic evolution on thermal characteristics of a shallow Alaskan lake
Jennifer R. Griffiths, Daniel E. Schindler, Laurie S. Balistrieri, Gregory T. Ruggerone
2011, Limnology and Oceanography (56) 193-205
We used a hydrodynamics model to assess the consequences of climate warming and contemporary geomorphic evolution for thermal conditions in a large, shallow Alaskan lake. We evaluated the effects of both known climate and landscape change, including rapid outlet erosion and migration of the principal inlet stream, over the past...
Nearshore Tsunami Inundation Model Validation: Toward Sediment Transport Applications
Alex Apotsos, Mark Buckley, Guy Gelfenbaum, Bruce Jaffe, Deepak Vatvani
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 2097-2119
Model predictions from a numerical model, Delft3D, based on the nonlinear shallow water equations are compared with analytical results and laboratory observations from seven tsunami-like benchmark experiments, and with field observations from the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The model accurately predicts the magnitude and timing of the measured...
Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC)
David V. Smith, Benjamin J. Drenth, J.D. Fairhead, K. Lei, J.A. Dark, K. Al-Bassam
2011, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (30) 856-860
Aeromagnetic data belonging to the State Company of Geology and Mining of Iraq (GEOSURV) have been recovered from magnetic tapes and early paper maps. In 1974 a national airborne survey was flown by the French firm Compagnie General de Geophysique (CGG). Following the survey the magnetic data were stored on...
Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms
William J. M. Probert, C.E. Hauser, E. McDonald-Madden, M.C. Runge, P.W.J. Baxter, H.P. Possingham
2011, Biological Conservation (144) 1237-1245
The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers' objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination...
Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams
L. B. Barber, Ronald C. Antweiler, J.L. Flynn, S.H. Keefe, D.W. Kolpin, D.A. Roth, D.J. Schnoebelen, Howard E. Taylor, P. L. Verplanck
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 2575-2583
Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under...
U.S. Department of Energy's regional carbon sequestration partnership initiative: Update on validation and development phases
T. Rodosta, J. Litynski, S. Plasynski, L. Spangler, R. Finley, E. Steadman, D. Ball, H. Gerald, B. McPherson, E. Burton, D. Vikara
2011, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is the lead federal agency for the development and deployment of carbon sequestration technologies. The Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) are the mechanism DOE utilizes to prove the technology and to develop human capital, stakeholder networks, information for regulatory policy, best practices documents and...
Looking beyond fertilizer: Assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem
S.M. Stackpoole, K.R. Kosola, B.A.A. Workmaster, N.M. Guldan, B.A. Browne, R. D. Jackson
2011, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems (91) 41-54
Even though nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for successful cranberry production, N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems is not completely understood. Prior research has focused mainly on timing and uptake of ammonium fertilizer, but the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for additional N contributions from hydrologic...
Ages and sources of components of Zn-Pb, Cu, precious metal, and platinum group element deposits in the goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada
Peter G. Vikre, Quentin J. Browne, Robert J. Fleck, Albert H. Hofstra, Joseph L. Wooden
2011, Economic Geology (106) 381-412
The Goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada, includes zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits of probable late Paleozoic age, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits, copper ± precious metal-platinum group element (PGE) deposits, and gold ± silver deposits that are spatially associated with Late Triassic porphyritic intrusions. The district encompasses ~500 km2 although the...
Fishes and tetrapods in the upper pennsylvanian (kasimovian) cohn coal member of the mattoon formation of illinois, United States: Systematics, paleoecology, and paleoenvironments
D. Carpenter, H. J. Falcon-Lang, M.J. Benton, W.J. Nelson
2011, Palaios (26) 639-657
A newly discovered vertebrate assemblage is reported from the Upper Pennsylvanian (mid- to upper Kasimovian) Cohn Coal Member of the Mattoon Formation of southeast Illinois, United States. Teeth, scales, and spines of xenacanth (Dicentrodus, Orthacanthus, Triodus, Xenacanthus) and euselachian (Sphenacanthus) sharks dominate the assemblage. Less common are the teeth, scales,...
Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment
Daren M. Carlisle, David M. Wolock, Michael R. Meador
2011, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (9) 264-270
Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of stream‐flow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980–2007)...
Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities
Donald A. Singer, Ryoichi Kouda
2011, Natural Resources Research (20) 89-93
Empirical evidence indicates that processes affecting number and quantity of resources in geologic settings are very general across deposit types. Sizes of permissive tracts that geologically could contain the deposits are excellent predictors of numbers of deposits. In addition, total ore tonnage of mineral deposits of a particular type...
Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model
C.T. Solomon, S.R. Carpenter, M.K. Clayton, J. J. Cole, J.J. Coloso, M. L. Pace, M. J. Vander Zanden, B.C. Weidel
2011, Ecology (92) 1115-1125
Fluxes of organic matter across habitat boundaries are common in food webs. These fluxes may strongly influence community dynamics, depending on the extent to which they are used by consumers. Yet understanding of basal resource use by consumers is limited, because describing trophic pathways in complex food webs is difficult....
Channel evolution on the dammed Elwha River, Washington, USA
A.E. Draut, J.B. Logan, M. C. Mastin
2011, Geomorphology (127) 71-87
Like many rivers in the western U.S., the Elwha River, Washington, has changed substantially over the past century in response to natural and human forcing. The lower river is affected by two upstream dams that are slated for removal as part of a major river restoration effort. In preparation for...
