Uses and biases of volunteer water quality data
J.V. Loperfido, P. Beyer, C.L. Just, J. L. Schnoor
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 7193-7199
State water quality monitoring has been augmented by volunteer monitoring programs throughout the United States. Although a significant effort has been put forth by volunteers, questions remain as to whether volunteer data are accurate and can be used by regulators. In this study, typical volunteer water quality measurements from laboratory...
Seabird bycatch in Alaska demersal longline fishery trials: a demographic summary
Elizabeth M. Phillips, HannahRose M. Nevins, Scott A. Hatch, Andrew M. Ramey, Melissa A. Miller, James T. Harvey
2010, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (38) 111-117
The seasonal and spatial demographics are summarized for seabirds killed incidentally during gear modification trials for a demersal longline fishery in the Bering Sea. We examined 417 carcasses, including Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (n = 205), Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens (n = 103), Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (n = 48),...
Relationship between mass extinction and iridium across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in New Jersey
K.G. Miller, Robert M. Sherrell, J.V. Browning, M.P. Field, W. Gallagher, R.K. Olsson, P. J. Sugarman, S. Tuorto, H. Wahyudi
2010, Geology (38) 867-870
We directly link iridium (Ir) anomalies in New Jersey to the mass extinction of marine plankton marking the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. We confirm previous reports of an Ir anomaly 20 cm below the extinction of Cretaceous macrofauna (the "Pinna" bed) with new results from a muddy sand section from Tighe...
Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy
T. M. Cronin, L. Gemery, W.M. Briggs, M. Jakobsson, L. Polyak, E. M. Brouwers
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 3415-3429
Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine...
Radiometric, geometric, and image quality assessment of ALOS AVNIR-2 and PRISM sensors
S. Saunier, P. Goryl, G. Chander, R. Santer, M. Bouvet, B. Collet, A. Mambimba, Aksakal S. Kocaman
2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (48) 3855-3866
The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) was launched on January 24, 2006, by a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) H-IIA launcher. It carries three remote-sensing sensors: 1) the Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2); 2) the Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM); and 3) the Phased-Array type...
Impact of sampling techniques on measured stormwater quality data for small streams
R. D. Harmel, R.M. Slade Jr., R.L. Haney
2010, Journal of Environmental Quality (39) 1734-1742
Science-based sampling methodologies are needed to enhance water quality characterization for setting appropriate water quality standards, developing Total Maximum Daily Loads, and managing nonpoint source pollution. Storm event sampling, which is vital for adequate assessment of water quality in small (wadeable) streams, is typically conducted by manual grab or integrated...
Predicting coastal cliff erosion using a Bayesian probabilistic model
Cheryl J. Hapke, Nathaniel G. Plant
2010, Marine Geology (278) 140-149
Regional coastal cliff retreat is difficult to model due to the episodic nature of failures and the along-shore variability of retreat events. There is a growing demand, however, for predictive models that can be used to forecast areas vulnerable to coastal erosion hazards. Increasingly, probabilistic models are being employed that...
Mapping irrigated lands at 250-m scale by merging MODIS data and National Agricultural Statistics
Md Shahriar Pervez, Jesslyn F. Brown
2010, Remote Sensing (2) 2388-2412
Accurate geospatial information on the extent of irrigated land improves our understanding of agricultural water use, local land surface processes, conservation or depletion of water resources, and components of the hydrologic budget. We have developed a method in a geospatial modeling framework that assimilates irrigation statistics with remotely sensed parameters...
Two-species occupancy models: A new parameterization applied to co-occurrence of secretive rails
O.M.W. Richmond, J.E. Hines, S. R. Beissinger
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 2036-2046
Two-species occupancy models that account for false absences provide a robust method for testing for evidence of competitive exclusion, but previous model parameteriza-tions were inadequate for incorporating covariates. We present a new parameterization that is stable when covariates are included: the conditional two-species occupancy model, which can be used to...
Soil-test N recommendations augmented with PEST-optimized RZWQM simulations
R.W. Malone, D.B. Jaynes, Liwang Ma, B. T. Nolan, D.W. Meek, D.L. Karlen
2010, Journal of Environmental Quality (39) 1711-1723
Improved understanding of year-to-year late-spring soil nitrate test (LSNT) variability could help make it more attractive to producers. We test the ability of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to simulate watershed-scale variability due to the LSNT, and we use the optimized model to simulate long-term field N dynamics...
Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective
Suzanne Hecker, T. E. Dawson, David P. Schwartz
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 3130-3147
We present an empirical estimate of maximum slip in continental normal-faulting earthquakes and present evidence that stress drop in intraplate extensional environments is dependent on fault maturity. A survey of reported slip in historical earthquakes globally and in latest Quaternary paleoearthquakes in the Western Cordillera of the United States indicates...
Finite-difference modeling and dispersion analysis of high-frequency love waves for near-surface applications
Y. Luo, J. Xia, Y. Xu, C. Zeng, J. Liu
2010, Pure and Applied Geophysics (167) 1525-1536
Love-wave propagation has been a topic of interest to crustal, earthquake, and engineering seismologists for many years because it is independent of Poisson's ratio and more sensitive to shear (S)-wave velocity changes and layer thickness changes than are Rayleigh waves. It is well known that Love-wave generation requires the existence...
Perspectives on animal welfare legislation and study considerations for field-oriented studies of raptors in the United States
C. W. Boal, M.C. Wallace, B. Strobel
2010, Journal of Raptor Research (44) 268-276
Concern for the welfare of animals used in research and teaching has increased over the last 50 yr. Animal welfare legislation has resulted in guidelines for the use of animals in research, but the guidelines can be problematic because they focus on animals used in laboratory and agriculture research. Raptor...
Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA
Brian D. Andrews, Laura L. Brothers, Walter A. Barnhardt
2010, Geomorphology (124) 55-64
Seafloor pockmarks occur worldwide and may represent millions of m3 of continental shelf erosion, but few numerical analyses of their morphology and spatial distribution of pockmarks exist. We introduce a quantitative definition of pockmark morphology and, based on this definition, propose a three-step geomorphometric method to identify and extract pockmarks from...
Terrestrial reference standard sites for postlaunch sensor calibration
P.M. Teillet, G. Chander
2010, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (36) 437-450
In an era when the number of Earth observation satellites is rapidly growing and measurements from satellite sensors are used to address increasingly urgent global issues, often through synergistic and operational combinations of data from multiple sources, it is imperative that scientists and decision-makers are able to rely on the...
Historical arroyo formation: documentation of magnitude and timing of historical changes using repeat photography
Robert H. Webb, Richard Hereford
Robert H. Webb, Diane E. Boyer, Raymond M. Turner, editor(s)
2010, Book chapter, Repeat photography: methods and applications in the natural sciences
Determining the effects of dams on subdaily variation in river flows at a whole-basin scale
J. K. H. Zimmerman, B. H. Letcher, K.H. Nislow, K.A. Lutz, F.J. Magilligan
2010, River Research and Applications (26) 1246-1260
River regulation can alter the frequency and magnitude of subdaily flow variations causing major impacts on ecological structure and function. We developed an approach to quantify subdaily flow variation for multiple sites across a large watershed to assess the potential impacts of different dam operations (flood control, run-of-river hydropower and...
Use of the azimuthal resistivity technique for determination of regional azimuth of transmissivity
David R. Carlson
2010, Environmental Geosciences (17) 163-174
Many bedrock units contain joint sets that commonly act as preferred paths for the movement of water, electrical charge, and possible contaminants associated with production or transit of crude oil or refined products. To facilitate the development of remediation programs, a need exists to reliably determine regional-scale properties of these...
Laboratory-based maximum slip rates in earthquake rupture zones and radiated energy
Art McGarr, Joe B. Fletcher, M. Boettcher, N. Beeler, J. Boatwright
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 3250-3260
Laboratory stick-slip friction experiments indicate that peak slip rates increase with the stresses loading the fault to cause rupture. If this applies also to earthquake fault zones, then the analysis of rupture processes is simplified inasmuch as the slip rates depend only on the local yield stress and are independent...
Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate
I. Zohar, A. Shaviv, M. Young, Carol Kendall, Steven R. Silva, A. Paytan
2010, Geoderma (159) 109-121
Transformations of phosphate (Pi) in different soil fractions were tracked using the stable isotopic composition of oxygen in phosphate (δ18Op) and Pi concentrations. Clay soil from Israel was treated with either reclaimed waste water (secondary, low grade) or with fresh water amended with a chemical fertilizer of a known isotopic...
Estimating natural background groundwater chemistry, Questa molybdenum mine, New Mexico
Phillip L. Verplanck, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Geoffrey S. Plumlee, Bruce M. Walker
Lisa A. Morgan, Steven L. Quane, editor(s)
2010, Book chapter, Through the generations: Geologic and anthropogenic field excursions in the Rocky Mountains from modern to ancient
This 2 1/2 day field trip will present an overview of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project whose objective was to estimate pre-mining groundwater chemistry at the Questa molybdenum mine, New Mexico. Because of intense debate among stakeholders regarding pre-mining groundwater chemistry standards, the New Mexico Environment Department and Chevron...
The anatomy, taphonomy, taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia: Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans
X.-P. Dong, S. Bengtson, N.J. Gostling, J.A. Cunningham, T.H.P. Harvey, A. Kouchinsky, A.K. Val’Kov, J.E. Repetski, M. Stampanoni, F. Marone, P.C.J. Donoghue
2010, Palaeontology (53) 1291-1314
Markuelia is a vermiform, annulated introvertan animal known as embryonic fossils from the Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician. Analysis of an expanded and revised dataset for Introverta shows that the precise position of Markuelia within this clade is dependent on the taxa included. As a result, Markuelia is assigned to...
Aquifer geochemistry at potential aquifer storage and recovery sites in coastal plain aquifers in the New York city area, USA
C. J. Brown, P.E. Misut
2010, Applied Geochemistry (25) 1431-1452
The effects of injecting oxic water from the New York city (NYC) drinking-water supply and distribution system into a nearby anoxic coastal plain aquifer for later recovery during periods of water shortage (aquifer storage and recovery, or ASR) were simulated by a 3-dimensional, reactive-solute transport model. The Cretaceous aquifer system...
Repeat photography and low-elevation fire responses in the southwestern United States
Raymond M. Turner, Robert H. Webb, Todd C. Esque, Garry F. Rogers
Robert H. Webb, Diane E. Boyer, Raymond M. Turner, editor(s)
2010, Book chapter, Repeat photography methods and applications in the natural sciences
Effects of exploitation on black bear populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge
J. D. Clark, R. Eastridge, M.J. Hooker
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1448-1456
We live-trapped American black bears (Ursus americanus) and sampled DNA from hair at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, USA, to estimate annual population size (N), growth (λ), and density. We estimated N and λ with open population models, based on live-trapping data collected from 1998 through 2006, and robust...
