Predicting performance for ecological restoration: A case study using Spartina altemiflora
S.E. Travis, J.B. Grace
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 192-204
The success of population-based ecological restoration relies on the growth and reproductive performance of selected donor materials, whether consisting of whole plants or seed. Accurately predicting performance requires an understanding of a variety of underlying processes, particularly gene flow and selection, which can be measured, at least in part, using...
A high-pyrite semianthracite of Late Permian age in the Songzao Coalfield, southwestern China: Mineralogical and geochemical relations with underlying mafic tuffs
S. Dai, X. Wang, W. Chen, D. Li, C. L. Chou, Y. Zhou, Chen Zhu, H. Li, Xudong Zhu, Y. Xing, W. Zhang, J. Zou
2010, International Journal of Coal Geology (83) 430-445
The No. 12 Coal (Late Permian) in the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern China, is characteristically high in pyrite and some trace elements. It is uniquely deposited directly above mafic tuff beds. Samples of coal and tuffs have been studied for their mineralogy and geochemistry using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray...
Embryo malposition as a potential mechanism for mercury-induced hatching failure in bird eggs
Garth Herring, Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 1788-1794
We examined the prevalence of embryo malpositions and deformities in relation to total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) concentrations in American avocet (Recurvirostra americana), black‐necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) eggs in San Francisco Bay (CA, USA) during 2005 to 2007. Overall, 11% of embryos were malpositioned...
Subspecies status and population genetic structure in Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus)
M.P. Miller, S. M. Haig, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, T.D. Mullins
2010, The Auk (127) 57-71
Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) is a migratory shorebird that is listed as endangered in Canada and the U.S. Great Lakes and as threatened throughout the rest of its breeding and winter range. We undertook a comprehensive molecular-genetic investigation to (1) address subspecific taxonomy, (2) characterize population genetic structure, and (3)...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) susceptibility of several North American rodents that are sympatric with cervid CWD epidemics
D.M. Heisey, N.A. Mickelsen, J.R. Schneider, C.J. Johnson, J.A. Langenberg, P.N. Bochsler, D.P. Keane, D.J. Barr
2010, Journal of Virology (84) 210-215
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious always fatal neurodegenerative disease that is currently known to naturally infect only species of the deer family, Cervidae. CWD epidemics are occurring in free-ranging cervids at several locations in North America, and other wildlife species are certainly being exposed to infectious material....
Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears
C.C. Schwartz, S.L. Cain, S. Podruzny, S. Cherry, L. Frattaroli
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1628-1638
The distribution of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) overlaps in western North America. Few studies have detailed activity patterns where the species are sympatric and no studies contrasted patterns where populations are both sympatric and allopatric. We contrasted activity patterns for sympatric black and grizzly bears...
Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA
P. T. Harte, P.R. Trowbridge
2010, Hydrological Processes (24) 2349-2368
Concentrations of chloride in excess of State of New Hampshire water-quality standards (230 mg/l) have been measured in watersheds adjacent to an interstate highway (I-93) in southern New Hampshire. A proposed widening plan for I-93 has raised concerns over further increases in chloride. As part of this effort, road-salt-contaminated groundwater...
Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream
J.R. Flanders, R.R. Turner, T. Morrison, R. Jensen, J. Pizzuto, K. Skalak, R. Stahl
2010, Applied Geochemistry (25) 1756-1769
Concentrations of Hg remain elevated in physical and biological media of the South River (Virginia, USA), despite the cessation of the industrial use of Hg in its watershed nearly six decades ago, and physical characteristics that would not seem to favor Hg(II)-methylation. A 3-a study of inorganic Hg (IHg) and...
On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment
S. Hartwell, K. Morino, P.L. Nagler, E. P. Glenn
2010, Journal of Arid Environments (74) 667-674
Native tree plots have been established in river irrigation districts in the western U.S. to provide habitat for threatened and endangered birds. Information is needed on the effective irrigation requirements of the target species. Cottonwood (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix gooddingii) trees were grown for seven years in an outdoor...
Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska
R.M. Suryan, K.N. Fischer
2010, Canadian Journal of Zoology (88) 299-305
Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species (Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently...
Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Donald E. Tillitt, Diana M. Papoulias, Jeffrey J. Whyte, Catherine A. Richter
2010, Aquatic Toxicology (99) 149-159
Atrazine, the widely used herbicide, has shown to affect the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis in certain vertebrate species, but few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical on fish. Our study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (e.g., gonad development) and biochemical (e.g., hormone...
Depletion of florfenicol amine, marker residue of florfenicol, from the edible fillet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. niloticus and O. niloticus x O. aureus) following florfenicol administration in feed
M.P. Gaikowski, M. Mushtaq, P. Cassidy, J.R. Meinertz, S.M. Schleis, D. Sweeney, R.G. Endris
2010, Aquaculture (301) 1-6
Aquaflor??, a 50% feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol is available globally to control mortality associated with economically significant systemic bacterial diseases of fish. Florfenicol (FFC) is effective in controlling mortality associated with Streptococcus iniae in tilapia Oreochromis sp. when administered in medicated feed at a dose...
Late Devonian glacigenic and associated facies from the central Appalachian Basin, eastern United States
D. K. Brezinski, C. B. Cecil, V.W. Skema
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 265-281
Late Devonian strata in the eastern United States are generally considered as having been deposited under warm tropical conditions. However, a stratigraphically restricted Late Devonian succession of diamictite- mudstonesandstone within the Spechty Kopf and Rockwell Formations that extends for more than 400 km along depositional strike within the central Appalachian...
Structural features of a bituminous coal and their changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles investigated by advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy
J.-D. Mao, A. Schimmelmann, Maria Mastalerz, Patrick G. Hatcher, Y. Li
2010, Conference Paper, Energy and Fuels
Quantitative and advanced 13C solid-state NMR techniques were employed to investigate (i) the chemical structure of a high volatile bituminous coal, as well as (ii) chemical structural changes of this coal after evacuation of adsorbed gases, (iii) during oxidative air exposure at room temperature, and (iv) after oxidative heating in...
Differentiating aquatic plant communities in a eutrophic river using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing
Y.Q. Tian, Q. Yu, M.J. Zimmerman, S. Flint, M.C. Waldron
2010, Freshwater Biology (55) 1658-1673
This study evaluates the efficacy of remote sensing technology to monitor species composition, areal extent and density of aquatic plants (macrophytes and filamentous algae) in impoundments where their presence may violate water-quality standards. Multispectral satellite (IKONOS) images and more than 500 in situ hyperspectral samples were acquired to map aquatic...
Yield responses of ruderal plants to sucrose in invasive-dominated sagebrush steppe of the northern Great Basin
Jessi Brunson, David A. Pyke, Steven S. Perakis
2010, Restoration Ecology (18) 304-312
Restoration of sagebrush-steppe plant communities dominated by the invasive ruderals Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) can be facilitated by adding carbon (C) to the soil, stimulating microbes to immobilize nitrogen (N) and limit inorganic N availability. Our objectives were to determine responses in (1) cheatgrass and medusahead biomass...
Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars
K. A. Howard
2010, GSA Today (20) 4-10
The 1968 trapdoor collapse (1.5 km3) of Fernandina caldera in the Galapágos Islands developed the same kinds of structures as found in small sandbox-collapse models and in concentrically zoned sinks formed in desert alluvium by fault subsidence into underground nuclear-explosion cavities. Fernandina’s collapse developed through shear failure in which the...
Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts
R.R. Ghent, V. Gupta, B.A. Campbell, S.A. Ferguson, J.C.W. Brown, R.L. Fergason, L.M. Carter
2010, Icarus (209) 818-835
We report here on a survey of distal fine-grained ejecta deposits on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. On all three planets, fine-grained ejecta form circular haloes that extend beyond the continuous ejecta and other types of distal deposits such as run-out lobes or ramparts. Using Earth-based radar images, we find...
The quixotic search for a comprehensive understanding of hydrologic response at the surface: Horton, Dunne, Dunton, and the role of concept-development simulation
K. Loague, C.S. Heppner, B.A. Ebel, J.E. VanderKwaak
2010, Hydrological Processes (24) 2499-2505
[No abstract available]...
Land-use controls on sources and processing of nitrate in small watersheds: Insights from dual isotopic analysis
R.T. Barnes, P.A. Raymond
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 1961-1978
Studies have repeatedly shown that agricultural and urban areas export considerably more nitrogen to streams than forested counterparts, yet it is difficult to identify and quantify nitrogen sources to streams due to complications associated with terrestrial and in-stream biogeochemical processes. In this study, we used the isotopic composition of nitrate...
Spider-mediated flux of PCBs from contaminated sediments to terrestrial ecosystems and potential risks to arachnivorous birds
D.M. Walters, M.A. Mills, K.M. Fritz, D.F. Raikow
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 2849-2856
We investigated aquatic insect utilization and PCB exposure in riparian spiders at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (Clemson, SC). We sampled sediments, adult chironomids, terrestrial insects, riparian spiders (Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, and Mecynogea lemniscata), and upland spiders (Araneidae) along a sediment contamination gradient. Stable isotopes (?13C, ? 15N) indicated that riparian...
Impact craters on Titan
C. A. Wood, R. Lorenz, R. Kirk, R. Lopes, Ken Mitchell, E. Stofan
2010, Icarus (206) 334-344
Five certain impact craters and 44 additional nearly certain and probable ones have been identified on the 22% of Titan's surface imaged by Cassini's high-resolution radar through December 2007. The certain craters have morphologies similar to impact craters on rocky planets, as well as two with radar bright, jagged rims....
Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival
Andrew W. Hafs, C.D. Horn, P. M. Mazik, K.J. Hartman
2010, Northeastern Naturalist (17) 575-592
Potential effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) and thermal enrichment on the reproduction of fishes were investigated through a larval-trapping survey in the Stony River watershed, Grant County, WV. Trapping was conducted at seven sites from 26 March to 2 July 2004. Overall larval catch was low (379 individuals in...
Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison
N.E. Dobiesz, R.E. Hecky, T.B. Johnson, J. Sarvala, J.M. Dettmers, M. Lehtiniemi, L. G. Rudstam, C.P. Madenjian, F. Witte
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 123-138
We identified an objective set of 25 commonly available ecosystem metrics applicable across the world's large continental freshwater and brackish aquatic ecosystem. These metrics measure trophic structure, exploited species, habitat alteration, and catchment changes. We used long-term trends in these metrics as indicators of perturbations that represent an ecosystem not...
Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus
J. Pedersen, M.L. Killian, N. Hines, D. Senne, B. Panigrahy, Hon S. Ip, Erica Spackman
2010, Avian Diseases (54) 639-643
This report describes the validation of an avian influenza virus (AIV) H7 subtype-specific real-time reverse transcriptasePCR (rRT-PCR) assay developed at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) for the detection of H7 AI in North and South American wild aquatic birds and poultry. The validation was a collaborative effort by the...
