Assessment of the UV camera sulfur dioxide retrieval for point source plumes
M.P. Dalton, I.M. Watson, P.A. Nadeau, C. Werner, W. Morrow, J.M. Shannon
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (188) 358-366
Digital cameras, sensitive to specific regions of the ultra-violet (UV) spectrum, have been employed for quantifying sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in recent years. The instruments make use of the selective absorption of UV light by SO2 molecules to determine pathlength concentration. Many monitoring advantages are gained by using this technique,...
Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]
Neal J. Wesley, Craig G. Lilyestrom, T.J. Kwak
2009, Fisheries (34) 546-554
Anthropogenic effects including river regulation, watershed development, contamination, and fish introductions have substantially affected the majority of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. This pattern of resource development and degradation is widespread in the tropics, and often little is known about the resources before they are lost. This article...
Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia
C.S. Edwards, J. L. Bandfield, P. R. Christensen, R.L. Fergason
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
We investigate high thermal inertia surfaces using the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) nighttime temperature images (100 m/pixel spatial sampling). For this study, we interpret any pixel in a THEMIS image with a thermal inertia over 1200 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2 as "bedrock" which represents either in situ...
The 20th-century development and expansion of Louisiana shelf hypoxia, Gulf of Mexico
L.E. Osterman, R.Z. Poore, P.W. Swarzenski, D.B. Senn, Steven F. DiMarco
2009, Geo-Marine Letters (29) 405-414
Since systematic measurements of Louisiana continental-shelf waters were initiated in 1985, hypoxia (oxygen content <2 mg L-1) has increased considerably in an area termed the dead zone. Monitoring and modeling studies have concluded that the expansion of the Louisiana shelf dead zone is related to increased anthropogenically derived nutrient delivery...
Optical dating of the anastasia formation, northeastern florida, USA
K.E. Burdette, J.W. Rink, G.H. Means, R.W. Portell
2009, Southeastern Geology (46) 173-185
The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) procedure was used to obtain optically stimulated luminescence ages to determine the depositional age of the upper part of the Anastasia Formation. This unit, which crops out along the east coast of Florida, is one of the most culturally and economically important coquina deposits in North...
PCBs and DDE in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings from an estuarine PCB superfund site, New Bedford Harbor, MA, U.S.A.
Saro Jayaraman, Diane E. Nacci, Denise M. Champlin, Richard J. Pruell, Kenneth J. Rocha, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Mark Cantwell
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 8387-8392
While breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) have been used as biomonitors for freshwater sites, we report the first use of this species to assess contaminant bioaccumulation from estuarine breeding grounds into these aerial insectivores. Eggs and nestlings were collected from nest boxes in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated estuary, the...
Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream
R.O. Hall, M. A. Baker, C.D. Arp, B.J. Kocha
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 2128-2142
Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (15N) to measure nitrate (NO3−) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A....
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses
L.K. Schwarz, M.C. Runge
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 1775-1789
Age estimation of individuals is often an integral part of species management research, and a number of ageestimation techniques are commonly employed. Often, the error in these techniques is not quantified or accounted for in other analyses, particularly in growth curve models used to describe physiological responses to environment and...
Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform
Y. Luo, J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu, J. Liu, Q. Liu
2009, Geophysical Journal International (179) 254-264
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave...
Late Proterozoic-Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane based on U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon ages: Implications for Neoproterozoic paleogeographic reconstructions
J.M. Amato, J. Toro, E. L. Miller, G. E. Gehrels, G. L. Farmer, E.S. Gottlieb, A.B. Till
2009, Geological Society of America Bulletin (121) 1219-1235
The Seward Peninsula of northwestern Alaska is part of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane, a crustal fragment exotic to western Laurentia with an uncertain origin and pre-Mesozoic evolution. U-Pb zircon geochronology on deformed igneous rocks reveals a previously unknown intermediate-felsic volcanic event at 870 Ma, coeval with rift-related magmatism associated with...
Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA
Vanessa B. Beauchamp, C. Walz, P.B. Shafroth
2009, Applied Soil Ecology (43) 175-184
Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge...
Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides
W.H. Schulz, J. W. Kean, G. Wang
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 863-866
Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually. The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface. Infiltration of water...
Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah
B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel
2009, Mine Water and the Environment (28) 274-290
Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This...
Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california
W. Russell, J. Shulzitski, A. Setty
2009, Ecological Restoration (27) 439-448
The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the...
Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA
D.J. Murie, D.C. Parkyn, W.F. Loftus, L.G. Nico
2009, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (25) 740-745
Yellow bullhead (Ictaluridae: Ameiurus natalis) is the most abundant ictalurid catfish in the Everglades of southern Florida, USA, and, as both prey and predator, is one of many essential components in the ecological-simulation models used in assessing restoration success in the Everglades. Little is known of its biology and life...
Field tests prove microscale NRU to upgrade low-btu gas
Saibal Bhattacharya, K. David Newell, W. Lynn Watney, Micael Sigel
2009, Oil & Gas Journal (107) 44-53
The Kansas Geological Survey (University of Kansas) and the American Energies Corp., Wichita, have conducted field tests of a scalable, microscale, N2-rejection unit (NRU) to demonstrate its effectiveness to upgrade low-pressure ((<100 psig) and low-volume (=100 Mcfd) low-btu gas to pipeline quality. The tests aim to develop inexpensive NRU technology,...
Rock slope stability analysis along the North Carolina section of the Blue Ridge Parkway: Using a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate site data and digital geologic maps
R.S. Latham, R.M. Wooten, B.L. Cattanach, C.E. Merschat, G.N. Bozdog
2009, Conference Paper, 43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium
In 2008, the North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS) completed a five-year geologic and geohazards inventory of the 406-km long North Carolina segment of the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). The ArcGIS™ format deliverables for rock slopes include a slope movement and slope movement deposit database and maps...
Experimental infection of a North American raptor, American kestrel (Falco sparverius), with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1)
Jeffrey S. Hall, Hon S. Ip, J. C. Franson, C. Meteyer, Sean W. Nashold, Joshua L. Teslaa, J. French, P. Redig, C. Brand
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Several species of wild raptors have been found in Eurasia infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1. Should HPAIV (H5N1) reach North America in migratory birds, species of raptors are at risk not only from environmental exposure, but also from consuming infected birds and carcasses. In this...
Defining winter trophic habitat of juvenile Gulf Sturgeon in the Suwannee and Apalachicola rivermouth estuaries, acoustic telemetry investigations
K. J. Sulak, M.T. Randall, R. E. Edwards, T.M. Summers, K.E. Luke, W.T. Smith, A.D. Norem, William M. Harden, R.H. Lukens, F. Parauka, S. Bolden, R. Lehnert
2009, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (25) 505-515
Three automated listening post-telemetry studies were undertaken in the Suwannee and Apalachicola estuaries to gain knowledge of habitats use by juvenile Gulf Sturgeons (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) on winter feeding grounds. A simple and reliable method for external attachment of small acoustic tags to the dorsal fin base was developed using...
Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA
Jayne Belnap, Richard L. Reynolds, Marith C. Reheis, Susan L. Phillips, Frank Urban, Harland L. Goldstein
2009, Aeolian Research (1) 27-43
Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and...
Stratigraphic controls on seawater intrusion and implications for groundwater management, Dominguez Gap area of Los Angeles, California, USA
Tracy Nishikawa, Adam J. Siade, Eric G. Reichard, Daniel J. Ponti, A.G. Canales, T.A. Johnson
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 1699-1725
Groundwater pumping has led to extensive water-level declines and seawater intrusion in coastal Los Angeles, California (USA). A SUTRA-based solute-transport model was developed to test the hydraulic implications of a sequence-stratigraphic model of the Dominguez Gap area and to assess the effects of water-management scenarios. The model is two-dimensional, vertical...
Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
J.M. Plumb, P.J. Blanchfield
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 2011-2023
We compared theoretical habitat volumes, determined from traditional combinations of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) boundaries, with in situ habitat use by acoustically tagged lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The widely used criteria of 8–12 °C underestimated lake trout habitat use by 68%–80%. Instead, combined temperature (<12 or 15 °C)...
Using time-dependent models to investigate body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake
P.S. Coates, G.D. Wylie, B.J. Halstead, Michael L. Casazza
2009, Journal of Zoology (279) 285-293
Identifying links between phenotypic attributes and fitness is a primary goal of reproductive ecology. Differences in within-year patterns of body condition between sexes of gartersnakes in relation to reproduction and growth are not fully understood. We conducted an 11-year field study of body condition and growth rate of the giant...
Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA
N. David, L.J. McKee, F.J. Black, A.R. Flegal, C.H. Conaway, D. H. Schoellhamer, N. K. Ganju
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2091-2100
In order to estimate total mercury (HgT) loads entering San Francisco Bay, USA, via the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, unfiltered water samples were collected between January 2002 and January 2006 during high flow events and analyzed for HgT. Unfiltered HgT concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 75 ng/L and showed a...
Relation of urbanization to stream fish assemblages and species traits in nine metropolitan areas of the United States
Larry R. Brown, M. Brian Gregory, Jason T. May
2009, Urban Ecosystems (12) 391-416
We examined associations of fish assemblages and fish traits with urbanization and selected environmental variables in nine major United States metropolitan areas. The strongest relations between fishes and urbanization occurred in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; and Portland, Oregon. In these areas, environmental variables with...
