An introduction to global carbon cycle management
Eric T. Sundquist, Katherine V. Ackerman, Lauren Parker, Deborah N. Huntzinger
2009, Book chapter, Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle
Past and current human activities have fundamentally altered the global carbon cycle. Potential future efforts to control atmospheric CO2 will also involve significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Carbon cycle scientists and engineers now face not only the difficulties of recording and understanding past and present changes but also...
Preface
Brian J. McPherson, Eric T. Sundquist
2009, Book chapter, Carbon sequestration and Its role in the global carbon cycle
Carbon sequestration has emerged as an important option in policies to mitigate the increasing atmospheric concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Significant quantities of anthropogenic CO2 are sequestered by natural carbon uptake in plants, soils, and the oceans. These uptake processes are objects of intense study by biogeochemists, ecologists, and...
Rapid changes in small fish mercury concentrations in estuarine wetlands: Implications for wildlife risk and monitoring programs
Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Joshua T. Ackerman
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 8658-8664
Small fish are commonly used to assess mercury (Hg) risk to wildlife and monitor Hg in wetlands. However, limited research has evaluated short-term Hg variability in small fish, which can have important implications for monitoring programs and risk assessment. We conducted a time-series study of Hg concentrations in two small...
Is there evidence of adaptation to tidal flooding in saplings of baldcypress subjected to different salinity regimes?
K. W. Krauss, T.W. Doyle, R.J. Howard
2009, Environmental and Experimental Botany (67) 118-126
Plant populations may adapt to environmental conditions over time by developing genetically based morphological or physiological characteristics. For tidal freshwater forested wetlands, we hypothesized that the conditions under which trees developed led to ecotypic difference in response of progeny to hydroperiod. Specifically, we looked for evidence of ecotypic adaptation for...
Wild felids as hosts for human plague, Western United States
S.N. Bevins, J.A. Tracey, S.P. Franklin, V.L. Schmit, M.L. MacMillan, K.L. Gage, M.E. Schriefer, K.A. Logan, L.L. Sweanor, M.W. Alldredge, C. Krumm, W.M. Boyce, W. Vickers, S.P.D. Riley, L.M. Lyren, E. E. Boydston, Robert N. Fisher, M.E. Roelke, M. Salman, K.R. Crooks, S. VandeWoude
2009, Emerging Infectious Diseases (15) 2021-2024
Plague seroprevalence was estimated in populations pumas and bobcats in the western United States. High levels of exposure in plague-endemic regions indicate the need to consider the ecology and pathobiology of plague nondomestic felid hosts to better understand the role of these species in disease persistence and transmission....
Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa
K. E. Schilling, P. Jacobson
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 3006-3016
Floodplains during non-flood periods are less well documented than when flooding occurs, but non-flood periods offer opportunities to investigate vegetation controls on water and nutrient cycling. In this study, we characterized water uptake and nutrient concentration patterns from 2005 to 2007 under an oak savanna located on the floodplain of...
Fluvial fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter, and nutrients and potential impacts on tropical coastal water Biogeochemistry: Oahu, Hawai'i
D.J. Hoover, F.T. MacKenzie
2009, Aquatic Geochemistry (15) 547-570
Baseflow and storm runoff fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and nutrients (N and P) were assessed in conservation, urban, and agricultural streams discharging to coastal waters around the tropical island of Oahu, Hawai'i. Despite unusually low storm frequency and intensity during the study, storms accounted for 8-77% (median...
Geospatial Data Used in Water-Level and Land-Subsidence Studies in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins for 2008
Carolyn Glockhoff, Christina L. Stamos
2009, Report
During 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies made approximately 2,500 water-level measurements in the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins. These data document recent conditions and, when compared with previous data, changes in groundwater levels. A water-level contour map was drawn using data from about 700 wells, providing...
Fast forward modeling of Titan's infrared spectra to invert VIMS/Cassini hyperspectral images
S. Rodriguez, Stéphane Le Mouélic, P. Rannou, J. #NAME? Combe, L.L. Corre, G. Tobie, J. W. Barnes, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, K. H. Baines, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson
2009, Conference Paper, WHISPERS '09 - 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing
The surface of Titan, the largest icy moon of Saturn, is veiled by a very thick and hazy atmosphere. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft, in orbit around Saturn since July 2004, conduct an intensive survey of Titan with the objective to understand the complex nature...
Impediments to predicting site response: Seismic property estimation and modeling simplifications
E.M. Thompson, L.G. Baise, R. E. Kayen, B.B. Guzina
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2927-2949
We compare estimates of the empirical transfer function (ETF) to the plane SH-wave theoretical transfer function (TTF) within a laterally constant medium for invasive and noninvasive estimates of the seismic shear-wave slownesses at 13 Kiban-Kyoshin network stations throughout Japan. The difference between the ETF and either of the TTFs is...
Scaling effects in direct shear tests
A.D. Orlando, D.M. Hanes, H.H. Shen
2009, Conference Paper, AIP Conference Proceedings
Laboratory experiments of the direct shear test were performed on spherical particles of different materials and diameters. Results of the bulk friction vs. non-dimensional shear displacement are presented as a function of the non-dimensional particle diameter. Simulations of the direct shear test were performed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM)....
Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah
B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel
2009, Mine Water and the Environment (28) 274-290
Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This...
Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA
E.R. Schenk, C.R. Hupp
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 597-606
Many rivers and streams of the Mid-Atlantic Region, United States (U.S.) have been altered by postcolonial floodplain sedimentation (legacy sediment) associated with numerous milldams. Little Conestoga Creek, Pennsylvania, a tributary to the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay, is one of these streams. Floodplain sedimentation rates, bank erosion rates, and...
Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: Land use, management, and climate
Z. Tan, L.L. Tieszen, E. Tachie-Obeng, S. Liu, A.M. Dieye
2009, Biogeosciences (6) 45-58
We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use and land cover, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the 20th century resulted in...
Rise and fall over 26 years of a marine epizootic in Hawaiian green sea turtles
Milani Chaloupka, George H. Balazs, Thierry M. Work
2009, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (45) 1138-1142
Estimates of chronic disease prevalence are needed to improve our understanding of marine disease epizootiology, which is poorly known for marine megafauna such as marine turtles. An emerging worldwide threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is fibropapillomatosis (FP), which is a pandemic tumor-forming disease associated with herpesviruses. We report...
Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts
R. Al-Chokhachy, P. Budy, M. Conner
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 649-658
Using empirical field data for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), we evaluated the trade-off between power and sampling effort-cost using Monte Carlo simulations of commonly collected mark-recapture-resight and count data, and we estimated the power to detect changes in abundance across different time intervals. We also evaluated the effects of monitoring...
U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage
Andrew H. Manning, Jonathan S. Caine, Philip L. Verplanck, Dana J. Bove, Katherine G. Kahn
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)
Handcart Gulch is an alpine watershed along the Continental Divide in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range. It contains an unmined mineral deposit typical of many hydrothermal mineral deposits in the intermountain west, composed primarily of pyrite with trace metals including copper and molybdenum. Springs and the trunk stream have...
Factors influencing densities of non-indigenous species in the ballast water of ships arriving at ports in Puget Sound, Washington, United States
J.R. Cordell, D. J. Lawrence, N.C. Ferm, L.M. Tear, S.S. Smith, R.P. Herwig
2009, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (19) 322-343
Oceanographic characteristics and the presence of international shipping in Puget Sound, Washington, USA contribute to its vulnerability to non-indigenous species (NIS) invasions. To evaluate NIS arriving in ballast water, zooplankton was sampled in 380 ballast tanks of ships after they entered Puget Sound. Taxa were classified into a higher risk...
Simulating and understanding sand wave variation: A case study of the Golden Gate sand waves
F. Sterlini, S.J.M.H. Hulscher, D.M. Hanes
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (114)
In this paper we present a detailed comparison between measured features of the Golden Gate sand wave field and the results of a nonlinear sand wave model. Because the Golden Gate sand waves exhibit large variation in their characteristics and in their environmental physics, this area gives us the opportunity...
Postglacial sedimentary record of the Southern California continental shelf and slope, Point Conception to Dana Point
C.K. Sommerfield, H.J. Lee, W. R. Normark
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 89-115
Sedimentary strata on the Southern California shelf and slope (Point Conception to Dana Point) display patterns and rates of sediment accumulation that convey information on sea-level inundation, sediment supply, and oceanic transport processes following the Last Glacial Maximum. In Santa Monica Bay and San Pedro Bay, postglacial transgression is recorded...
Using a coupled groundwater/surfacewater model to predict climate-change impacts to lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, Northern Wisconsin
John F. Walker, Randall J. Hunt, Steven L. Markstrom, Lauren E. Hay, John Doherty
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR2009-5049)
A major focus of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Trout Lake Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project is the development of a watershed model to allow predictions of hydrologic response to future conditions including land-use and climate change. The coupled groundwater/surface-water model GSFLOW was chosen for this purpose because it...
Effects of simplifying fracture network representation on inert chemical migration in fracture-controlled aquifers
Tristan Wellman, Allen M. Shapiro, Mary C. Hill
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
[1] While it is widely recognized that highly permeable ‘large‐scale' fractures dominate chemical migration in many fractured aquifers, recent studies suggest that the pervasive ‘small‐scale’ fracturing once considered of less significance can be equally important for characterizing the spatial extent and residence time associated with transport processes....
Northern Monterey Bay upwelling shadow front: Observations of a coastally and surface-trapped buoyant plume
C.B. Woodson, L. Washburn, J.A. Barth, D.J. Hoover, A.R. Kirincich, M.A. McManus, J.P. Ryan, J. Tyburczy
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (114)
During the upwelling season in central California, northwesterly winds along the coast produce a strong upwelling jet that originates at Point A??o Nuevo and flows southward across the mouth of Monterey Bay. A convergent front with a mean temperature change of 3.77 ?? 0.29??C develops between the warm interior waters...
Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods
George Xian, Collin G. Homer, Joyce Fry
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 1133-1147
The recent release of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, which represents the nation's land cover status based on a nominal date of 2001, is widely used as a baseline for national land cover conditions. To enable the updating of this land cover information in...
Bivergent thrust wedges surrounding oceanic island arcs: Insight from observations and sandbox models of the northeastern caribbean plate
Uri S. ten Brink, S. Marshak, Bruna J.L. Granja
2009, Geological Society of America Bulletin (121) 1522-1536
At several localities around the world, thrust belts have developed on both sides of oceanic island arcs (e.g., Java-Timor, Panama, Vanuatu, and the northeastern Caribbean). In these localities, the overall vergence of the backarc thrust belt is opposite to that of the forearc thrust belt. For example, in the northeastern...
