Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain
P. Phillips, A. Chalmers
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 45-57
Abstract: Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban...
The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy
Kenji Mibe, I-Ming Chou, Alan J. Anderson, Robert A. Mayanovic, William A. Bassett
2009, Chemical Geology (259) 48-53
A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-,...
Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae
K.M. Camponelli, R.E. Casey, J.W. Snodgrass, S.M. Lev, E. R. Landa
2009, Chemosphere (74) 717-722
Highway runoff has the potential to negatively impact receiving systems including stormwater retention ponds where highway particulate matter can accumulate following runoff events. Tire wear particles, which contain about 1% Zn by mass, make up approximately one-third of the vehicle derived particulates in highway runoff and therefore may serve as...
Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity
R.M. Nelson, L.W. Kamp, D. L. Matson, P.G.J. Irwin, K. H. Baines, M.D. Boryta, F.E. Leader, R. Jaumann, W. D. Smythe, Christophe Sotin, R. N. Clark, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, J.C. Pearl, B.W. Hapke, J. Lunine, M. Combes, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, A. Coradini, V. Formisano, G. Filacchione, R.Y. Langevin, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy
2009, Icarus (199) 429-441
Titan is known to have a young surface. Here we present evidence from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer that it is currently geologically active. We report that changes in the near-infrared reflectance of a 73,000 km2 area on Titan (latitude 26° S, longitude 78° W) occurred between July 2004...
A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds
D.S. Ross, B.C. Wemple, A.E. Jamison, G. Fredriksen, J. B. Shanley, G.B. Lawrence, S.W. Bailey, J.L. Campbell
2009, Ecosystems (12) 158-178
Elevated N deposition is continuing on many forested landscapes around the world and our understanding of ecosystem response is incomplete. Soil processes, especially nitrification, are critical. Many studies of soil N transformations have focused on identifying relationships within a single watershed but these results are often not transferable. We studied...
Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: Ecological corridor rather than barrier?
Robert E. Gill Jr., T. Lee Tibbitts, David C. Douglas, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel M. Mulcahy, Jon C. Gottschalck, Nils Warnock, Brian J. McCaffery, Phil F. Battley, Theunis Piersma
2009, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (276) 447-457
Mountain ranges, deserts, ice fields and oceans generally act as barriers to the movement of land-dependent animals, often profoundly shaping migration routes. We used satellite telemetry to track the southward flights of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), shorebirds whose breeding and non-breeding areas are separated by the vast central Pacific...
Acid rock drainage and climate change
D. Kirk Nordstrom
2009, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (100) 97-104
Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry...
Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios
J. Sears, Scott A. Hatch, D. M. O’Brien
2009, Oecologia (159) 41-48
A growing number of studies suggest that an individual’s physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather δ15N...
Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water
J.M. Besser, W. G. Brumbaugh, A.L. Allert, B.C. Poulton, C. J. Schmitt, C.G. Ingersoll
2009, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (72) 516-526
We studied the toxicity of sediments downstream of lead-zinc mining areas in southeast Missouri, using chronic sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and pore-water toxicity tests with the daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Tests conducted in 2002 documented reduced survival of amphipods in stream sediments collected near mining areas and...
A conceptual framework for dryland aeolian sediment transport along the grassland–forest continuum: Effects of woody plant canopy cover and disturbance
D.D. Breshears, J.J. Whicker, C.B. Zou, J.P. Field, Craig D. Allen
2009, Geomorphology (105) 28-38
Aeolian processes are of particular importance in dryland ecosystems where ground cover is inherently sparse because of limited precipitation. Dryland ecosystems include grassland, shrubland, savanna, woodland, and forest, and can be viewed collectively as a continuum of woody plant cover spanning from grasslands with no woody plant cover up...
Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?
C. Reimann, P. Englmaier, B. Flem, L. Gough, P. Lamothe, O. Nordgulen, D. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 62-76
Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all...
How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets
E. L. Kuniansky, M.A. Lowery, B. G. Campbell
2009, Ground Water (47) 97-107
For regional models, the shallow water table surface is often used as a source/sink boundary condition, as model grid scale precludes simulation of the water table aquifer. This approach is appropriate when the water table surface is relatively stationary. Since water table surface maps are not readily available, the elevation...
A Mid-Late Quaternary loess-paleosol record in Simmons Farm in southern Illinois, USA
Hongfang Wang, C.C. Lundstrom, Z. Zhang, D.A. Grimley, W.L. Balsam
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 93-106
In unglaciated areas of the Mississippi Valley region, the typical full loess-paleosol succession contains the Modern Soil developed in Peoria Silt, weakly developed Farmdale Geosol developed in Roxana Silt, Sangamon Geosol developed in Loveland Silt, and Yarmouth Geosol developed in Crowley's Ridge Silt. Although a fifth loess called the Marianna...
Exotic plant species associations with horse trails, old roads, and intact native communities in the Missouri Ozarks
E.D. Stroh, M.A. Struckhoff
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 50-56
We compared the extent to which exotic species are associated with horse trails, old roads, and intact communities within three native vegetation types in Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. We used a general linear model procedure and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test to compare exotic species richness, exotic to native...
Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars
Lynn M. Carter, Bruce A. Campbell, Thomas R. Watters, Roger J. Phillips, Nathaniel E. Putzig, Ali Safaeinili, Jeffrey J. Plaut, Chris Okubo, Anthony F. Egan, Roberto Seu, Daniela Biccari, Roberto Orosei
2009, Icarus (199) 295-302
The SHARAD (shallow radar) sounding radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface reflections in the eastern and western parts of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The radar waves penetrate up to 580 m of the MFF and detect clear subsurface interfaces in two locations: west MFF between 150 and...
Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations
H. Zhao, G.F. Vance, M.A. Urynowicz, R.W. Gregory
2009, Applied Clay Science (42) 379-385
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to...
Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle
J. A. Johnson, R.E. Tingay, M. Culver, F. Hailer, M.L. Clarke, D.P. Mindell
2009, Molecular Ecology (18) 54-63
The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels...
Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the Western United States
P. J. van Mantgem, N.L. Stephenson, J.C. Byrne, L.D. Daniels, J.F. Franklin, P.Z. Fule, M. E. Harmon, A.J. Larson, Joseph M. Smith, A.H. Taylor, T.T. Veblen
2009, Science (323) 521-524
Persistent changes in tree mortality rates can alter forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from unmanaged old forests in the western United States showed that background (noncatastrophic) mortality rates have increased rapidly in recent decades, with doubling periods ranging from 17...
Bat white-nose syndrome: An emerging fungal pathogen?
D.S. Blehert, A.C. Hicks, M. Behr, C.U. Meteyer, B. M. Berlowski-Zier, E.L. Buckles, J.T.H. Coleman, S.R. Darling, A. Gargas, R. Niver, J.C. Okoniewski, R.J. Rudd, W.B. Stone
2009, Science (323) 227-227
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition associated with an unprecedented bat mortality event in the northeastern United States. Since the winter of 2006*2007, bat declines exceeding 75% have been observed at surveyed hibernacula. Affected bats often present with visually striking white fungal growth on their muzzles, ears, and/or wing membranes....
Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river
K. E. Schilling, Y.-K. Zhang, D.R. Hill, C.S. Jones, C.F. Wolter
2009, Journal of Hydrology (365) 79-85
The Raccoon River used by the Des Moines Water Works to serve more than 400,000 people in central Iowa is threatened by contamination from Escherichia coli bacteria from point and nonpoint sources. The 9389 km2 watershed is highly agricultural, with 73% of the land in row crop production and widespread...
Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential
P.C. Hackley, E.H. Guevara, T.F. Hentz, R.W. Hook
2009, International Journal of Coal Geology (77) 294-309
Thermal maturity was determined for about 120 core, cuttings, and outcrop samples to investigate the potential for coalbed gas resources in Pennsylvanian strata of north-central Texas. Shallow (< 600??m; 2000??ft) coal and carbonaceous shale cuttings samples from the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco Groups in Archer and Young Counties...
Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam
C.L. Tyrrell, M.T. Christy, G.H. Rodda, A. A. Yackel Adams, A.R. Ellingson, J. A. Savidge, K. Dean-Bradley, R. Bischof
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 128-135
1. Open population mark-recapture analysis of unbounded populations accommodates some types of closure violations (e.g. emigration, immigration). In contrast, closed population analysis of such populations readily allows estimation of capture heterogeneity and behavioural response, but requires crucial assumptions about closure (e.g. no permanent emigration) that are suspect and rarely tested...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
T.I. Todorov, H. Xu, J.W. Ejnik, F.G. Mullick, K. Squibb, M.A. McDiarmid, J.A. Centeno
2009, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (24) 189-193
In this study we report depleted uranium (DU) analysis in whole blood samples. Internal exposure to DU causes increased uranium levels as well as change in the uranium isotopic composition in blood specimen. For identification of DU exposure we used the 235U/238U ratio in blood samples, which ranges from 0.00725...
The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005
J. Biggs, R. Burgmann, J.T. Freymueller, Z. Lu, B. Parsons, I. Ryder, G. Schmalzle, Tim Wright
2009, Geophysical Journal International (176) 353-367
InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1...
