Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA)
R.M. Wooten, K.A. Gillon, A.C. Witt, R.S. Latham, T.J. Douglas, J.B. Bauer, S.J. Fuemmeler, L.G. Lee
2008, Landslides (5) 31-44
In September 2004, rain from the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan triggered at least 155 landslides in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. At least 33 debris flows occurred in Macon County, causing 5 deaths, destroying 16 homes, and damaging infrastructure. We mapped debris flows and debris deposits...
Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls
K.P. Wickland, J. C. Neff
2008, Biogeochemistry (87) 29-47
Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of...
Mineral deposit densities for estimating mineral resources
Donald A. Singer
2008, Mathematical Geosciences (40) 33-46
Estimates of numbers of mineral deposits are fundamental to assessing undiscovered mineral resources. Just as frequencies of grades and tonnages of well-explored deposits can be used to represent the grades and tonnages of undiscovered deposits, the density of deposits (deposits/area) in well-explored control areas can serve to represent the number...
Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin
R.B. Renfrew, C. A. Ribic
2008, Landscape Ecology (23) 181-193
Fragmentation of grasslands has been implicated in grassland bird population declines. Multi-scale models are being increasingly used to assess potential factors that influence grassland bird presence, abundance, and productivity. However, studies rarely assess fragmentation metrics, and seldom evaluate more than two scales or interactions among scales. We evaluated the relative...
Influence of perched groundwater on base flow
Richard G. Niswonger, Graham E. Fogg
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Analysis with a three‐dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size...
An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Solomon River Basin
T.W. May, J.F. Fairchild, J. D. Petty, M.J. Walther, J. Lucero, M. Delvaux, J. Manring, M. Armbruster
2008, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (137) 213-232
The Solomon River Basin is located in north-central Kansas in an area underlain by marine geologic shales. Selenium is an indigenous constituent of these shales and is readily leached into the surrounding groundwater. Portions of the Basin are irrigated primarily through the pumping of selenium-contaminated groundwater from wells onto fields...
Analysis of iron, zinc, selenium and cadmium in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry
A.G. Sarafanov, T.I. Todorov, A. Kajdacsy-Balla, Michael A. Gray, V. MacIas, J.A. Centeno
2008, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology (22) 305-314
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens represent a valuable and abundant resource of pathologic material for various biomedical studies. In the present study, we report the application of high-resolution inductively coupled mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantification of Fe, Zn, Se and Cd in FFPE prostate tissue. These elements have a possible role...
Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments
A.J. Mitchell, Rebecca A. Cole
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1597-1600
The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale...
Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
L.L. Stillings, A. L. Foster, R.A. Koski, L. Munk, Wayne C. Shanks III
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 255-278
Several abandoned Cu mines are located along the shore of Prince William Sound, AK, where the effect of mining-related discharge upon shoreline ecosystems is unknown. To determine the magnitude of this effect at the former Beatson mine, the largest Cu mine in the region and a Besshi-type massive sulfide ore...
Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer
S.V. Taylor, D.R. Cayan, N.E. Graham, K.P. Georgakakos
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (113)
Persistent spring and summer northerly surface winds are the defining climatological feature of the western coast of North America, especially south of the Oregon coast. Northerly surface winds are important for upwelling and a vast array of other biological, oceanic, and atmospheric processes. Intermittence in northerly coastal surface wind is...
Lake trout demographics in relation to burbot and coregonine populations in the Algonquin Highlands, Ontario
L.M. Carl
2008, Environmental Biology of Fishes (83) 127-138
The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that lake trout populations change in relation to cisco, lake whitefish, round whitefish and burbot populations in lakes in the Algonquin Highlands region of Ontario. Lake trout population change is greatest where cisco and lake whitefish are present. Lake trout...
Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions
C.C. Wilson, W. Stott, L. Miller, S. D’Amelio, Martin J. Jennings, A.M. Cooper
2008, Conference Paper, North American Journal of Fisheries Management
Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among...
Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment
D.K. McPhee, L. Pellerin
2008, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data and resulting models are analyzed with respect to geophysical and geological borehole logs in order to clarify the relationship between the two methodologies of investigation of a hydrological environment. Several profiles of AMT data collected in basins in southwestern United States are being used for groundwater exploration...
Chronic and episodic acidification of Adirondack streams from acid rain in 2003-2005
G.B. Lawrence, K. M. Roy, Barry P. Baldigo, H. A. Simonin, S. B. Capone, J.W. Sutherland, S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, C.W. Boylen
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 2264-2274
Limited information is available on streams in the Adirondack region of New York, although streams are more prone to acidification than the more studied Adirondack lakes. A stream assessment was therefore undertaken in the Oswegatchie and Black River drainages; an area of 4585 km2 in the western part of the...
Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes
L.G. Miller, R.S. Oremland
2008, Extremophiles (12) 837-848
Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (Bacillus selenitireducens), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate...
Inactivation of Ichthyophonus spores using sodium hypochlorite and polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine
P.K. Hershberger, C.A. Pacheco, J.L. Gregg
2008, Journal of Fish Diseases (31) 853-858
Chlorine and iodine solutions were effective at inactivating Ichthyophonus spores in vitro. Inactivation in sea water increased directly with halogen concentration and exposure duration, with significant differences (P < 0.05) from controls occurring at all chlorine concentrations and exposure durations tested (1.5-13.3 ppm for 1-60 min) and at most iodine...
Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina
M.J. Taylor, M.A. Bailey, P.D. Pautet, S.A. Cummer, N. Jaugey, J.N. Thomas, N.N. Solorzano, Sabbas F. Sao, R.H. Holzworth, O. Pinto, N.J. Schuch
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
As part of a collaborative campaign to investigate Transient Lummous Events (TLEs) over South America, coordinated optical, ELF/VLF, and lightning measurements were made of a mesoscale thunderstorm observed on February 22-23, 2006 over northern Argentina that produced 445 TLEs within a ???6 hour period. Here, we report comprehensive measurements of...
Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA
Li Mingyang, Ju Yunwei, Sunil Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2008, Acta Ecologica Sinica (28) 4253-4258
The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART),...
Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA
W.H. Schulz, D. J. Lidke, J. W. Godt
2008, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (33) 123-141
Landslides in partially saturated colluvium on Seattle, WA, hillslopes have resulted in property damage and human casualties. We developed statistical models of colluvium and shallow-groundwater distributions to aid landslide hazard assessments. The models were developed using a geographic information system, digital geologic maps, digital topography, subsurface exploration results, the groundwater...
Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior
D.L. Yule, J.V. Adams, J.D. Stockwell, O. T. Gorman
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 109-122
An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC-MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects...
Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer
Lingtian Xie, D. Lambert, C. Martin, D.J. Cain, S. N. Luoma, D. Buchwalter
2008, Aquatic Toxicology (86) 265-271
It has become increasingly apparent that diet can be a major source of trace metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. In this study, we examined cadmium uptake, efflux, and subcellular compartmentalization dynamics in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. L. variegatus is an important component of freshwater food webs in Europe and...
Disruption of the lower food web in Lake Ontario: Did it affect alewife growth or condition?
R. O'Gorman, S.E. Prindle, J.R. Lantry, B.F. Lantry
2008, Conference Paper, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, a succession of non-native invertebrates colonized Lake Ontario and the suite of consequences caused by their colonization became known as "food web disruption". For example, the native burrowing amphipod Diporeia spp., a key link in the profundal food web, declined to near...
12 May 2008 M = 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems
S. Toda, J. Lin, M. Meghraoui, R.S. Stein
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
The Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan fault zone devastated cities of Sichuan, claiming at least 69,000 lives. We calculate that the earthquake also brought the Xianshuihe, Kunlun and Min Jiang faults 150-400 km from the mainshock rupture in the eastern Tibetan Plateau 0.2-0.5 bars closer to Coulomb failure. Because...
Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis
A. Kolker, M.A. Engle, W. H. Orem, J.E. Bunnell, H.E. Lerch, D. P. Krabbenhoft, M.L. Olson, J.D. McCord
2008, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research (32) 279-293
Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 μ m−3) and yearly (15 μg m−3) mass‐per‐unit‐volume limits, regardless of PM2.5 composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed...
Deformation of the Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 1992-2005, measured by ERS and ENVISAT SAR interferometry
Chang-Wook Lee, Zhong Lu, Oh-Ig Kwoun, Joong-Sun Won
2008, Earth, Planets and Space (60) 447-452
The Augustine Volcano is a conical-shaped, active stratovolcano located on an island of the same name in Cook Inlet, about 290 km southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Augustine has experienced seven significant explosive eruptions - in 1812, 1883, 1908, 1935, 1963, 1976, 1986, and in January 2006. To measure the ground...
