Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of interior Alaska
M.C. Mack, K.K. Treseder, K.L. Manies, J.W. Harden, E.A.G. Schuur, J.G. Vogel, J. T. Randerson, F. S. Chapin III
2008, Ecosystems (11) 209-225
Plant biomass accumulation and productivity are important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) balance during post-fire succession. In boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests near Delta Junction, Alaska, we quantified aboveground plant biomass and net primary productivity (ANPP) for 4 years after a 1999 wildfire in a well-drained (dry) site, and...
Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N2 production modeling approaches
T. E. Smith, A.E. Laursen, J. R. Deacon
2008, Biogeochemistry (87) 311-323
Two methods were used to measure in-stream nitrogen loss in the Connecticut River during studies conducted in April and August 2005. A mass balance on nitrogen inputs and output for two study reaches (55 and 66 km), at spring high flow and at summer low flow, was computed on the...
Influence of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of southwestern Louisiana, USA
S.V. Mize, S. D. Porter, D.K. Demcheck
2008, Environmental Pollution (152) 491-503
Laboratory tests of fipronil and its degradation products have revealed acute lethal toxicity at very low concentrations (LC50) of <0.5 ??g/L to selected aquatic macroinvertebrates. In streams draining basins with intensive rice cultivation in southwestern Louisiana, USA, concentrations of fipronil compounds were an order of magnitude larger than the LC50....
The role of local soil-induced amplification in the 27 July 1980 northeastern Kentucky earthquake
E.W. Woolery, T.-L. Lin, Z. Wang, B. Shi
2008, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (14) 267-280
Amplification of earthquake ground motions by near-surface soil deposits was believed to have occurred in Maysville, Kentucky, U.S.A. during the northeast Kentucky (Sharpsburg) earthquake (mb,Lg 5.3) of July 27, 1980. The city of Maysville, founded on approximately 30 m of Late Quaternary Ohio River flood plain alluvium, was 52 km...
An empirical study of statistical properties of variance partition coefficients for multi-level logistic regression models
Ji Li, B. R. Gray, D.M. Bates
2008, Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation (37) 2010-2026
Partitioning the variance of a response by design levels is challenging for binomial and other discrete outcomes. Goldstein (2003) proposed four definitions for variance partitioning coefficients (VPC) under a two-level logistic regression model. In this study, we explicitly derived formulae for multi-level logistic regression model and subsequently studied the distributional...
Grizzly bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana
K.C. Kendall, J.B. Stetz, David A. Roon, L.P. Waits, J.B. Boulanger, David Paetkau
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1693-1705
We present the first rigorous estimate of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population density and distribution in and around Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, USA. We used genetic analysis to identify individual bears from hair samples collected via 2 concurrent sampling methods: 1) systematically distributed, baited, barbed-wire hair traps and 2)...
Removal of dissolved organic matter by anion exchange: Effect of dissolved organic matter properties
T.H. Boyer, P.C. Singer, G. R. Aiken
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 7431-7437
Ten isolates of aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) were evaluated to determine the effect that chemical properties of the DOM, such as charge density, aromaticity, and molecular weight, have on DOM removal by anion exchange. The DOM isolates were characterized as terrestrial, microbial, or intermediate humic substances...
Fall diets of alewife, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin in the profundal zone of southern Lake Ontario during 1994-2005 with an emphasis on occurrence of Mysis relicta
M. G. Walsh, R. O'Gorman, T. Strang, W.H. Edwards, L. G. Rudstam
2008, Conference Paper, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
In Lake Ontario, factors including the collapse of the burrowing amphipod, Diporeia spp., changes in the distribution and composition of the prey fish community, and occurrence of exotic cladocerans Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi have led to changes in predation pressure on the remaining native profundal macroinvertebrate, Mysis relicta. We...
Phytolacca americana from contaminated and noncontaminated soils of South Korea: Effects of elevated temperature, CO2 and simulated acid rain on plant growth response
Y.-O. Kim, R. J. Rodriguez, E.J. Lee, R. S. Redman
2008, Journal of Chemical Ecology (34) 1501-1509
Chemical analyses performed on the invasive weed Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) growing in industrially contaminated (Ulsan) and noncontaminated (Suwon) sites in South Korea indicated that the levels of phenolic compounds and various elements that include some heavy metals (Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were...
Molecular method for determining sex of walruses
Anthony S. Fischbach, Chadwick V. Jay, James V. Jackson, Liselotte W. Anderson, George K. Sage, Sandra L. Talbot
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1808-1812
We evaluated the ability of a set of published trans-species molecular sexing primers and a set of walrus-specific primers, which we developed, to accurately identify sex of 235 Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). The trans-species primers were developed for mammals and targeted the X- and Y-gametologs of the zinc finger...
The metallogeny of Late Triassic rifting of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia
C. D. Taylor, W. R. Premo, A. L. Meier, J.E. Taggart Jr.
2008, Conference Paper, Economic Geology
A belt of unusual volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) occurrences is located along the eastern margin of the Alexander terrane throughout southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia and exhibits a range of characteristics consistent with a variety of syngenetic to epigenetic deposit types. Deposits within this belt include Greens Creek and...
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in public and private wells in New Hampshire: Occurrence, factors, and possible implications
J. D. Ayotte, D.M. Argue, F.J. McGarry, J.R. Degnan, L. Hayes, S. M. Flanagan, D.R. Helsel
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 677-684
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations ???0.2 ??g/L were found in samples of untreated water in 18% of public-supply wells (n = 284) and 9.1% of private domestic wells (n = 264) sampled in 2005 and 2006 in New Hampshire. In counties that used reformulated gasoline (RFG), MTBE occurred at or...
Restoring habitat permeability to roaded landscapes with isometrically-scaled wildlife crossings
J.A. Bissonette, W. Adair
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 482-488
Globally, human activities impact from one-third to one-half of the earth's land surface; a major component of development involves the construction of roads. In the US and Europe, road networks fragment normal animal movement patterns, reduce landscape permeability, and increase wildlife-vehicle collisions, often with serious wildlife population and human health...
Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer
Lingtian Xie, D. Lambert, C. Martin, D.J. Cain, S. N. Luoma, D. Buchwalter
2008, Aquatic Toxicology (86) 265-271
It has become increasingly apparent that diet can be a major source of trace metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. In this study, we examined cadmium uptake, efflux, and subcellular compartmentalization dynamics in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. L. variegatus is an important component of freshwater food webs in Europe and...
Titan's inventory of organic surface materials
Ralph D. Lorenz, Karl L. Mitchell, Randolph L. Kirk, Alexander G. Hayes, Oded Aharonson, Howard A. Zebker, Philipe Paillou, Jani Radebaugh, Jonathan I. Lunine, Michael A. Janssen, Stephen D. Wall, Rosaly Lopes, Bryan Stiles, Steven J. Ostro, Giuseppe Mitri, Ellen R. Stofan
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Cassini RADAR observations now permit an initial assessment of the inventory of two classes, presumed to be organic, of Titan surface materials: polar lake liquids and equatorial dune sands. Several hundred lakes or seas have been observed, of which dozens are each estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than the...
Storm-damaged saline-contaminated boreholes as a means of aquifer contamination
D.A. Carlson, T. P. Van Biersel, L.R. Milner
2008, Ground Water (46) 69-79
Saline water from a storm surge can flow down storm-damaged submerged water supply wells and contaminate boreholes and surrounding aquifers. Using data from conventional purging techniques, aquifer test response analysis, chemical analysis, and regression analysis of chloride/silica (Cl/Si) ratio, equations were derived to estimate the volume of saline water intrusion...
Implications of black-tailed prairie dog spatial dynamics to black-footed ferrets
D.S. Jachowski, J.J. Millspaugh, E. Biggins, T.M. Livieri, Marc R. Matchett
2008, Natural Areas Journal (28) 14-25
The spatial dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies affect the utility of these environments for other wildlife, including the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of active and inactive black-tailed prairie dog burrows to investigate colony structure, spatial distribution, and patch dynamics of two colonies...
Controls on mineralisation in the Sierra Foothills gold province, central California, USA: A GIS-based reconnaissance prospectivity analysis
F.P. Bierlein, H.J. Northover, D.I. Groves, R.J. Goldfarb, E.E. Marsh
2008, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (55) 61-78
The assessment of spatial relationships between the location, abundance and size of orogenic-gold deposits in the highly endowed Sierra Foothills gold province in California, via the combination of field studies and a GIS-based analysis, illustrates the power of such an approach to the characterisation of important parameters of mineral systems,...
Multi-phase evolution of gnammas (weathering pits) in a Holocene deglacial granite landscape, Minnesota (USA)
D. Dominguez-Villar, C.E. Jennings
2008, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (33) 165-177
The morphometry of 85 gnammas (weathering pits) from Big Stone County in western Minnesota allows the assessment of the relative ages of the gnamma population. The ratio between maximum and minimum depths is independent of the initial size of the cavity and only depends on the weathering evolution. Therefore, the...
Mapping invasive wetland plants in the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve using quickbird satellite imagery
M. Laba, R. Downs, S. Smith, S. Welsh, C. Neider, S. White, M. Richmond, W. Philpot, P. Baveye
2008, Remote Sensing of Environment (112) 286-300
The National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) program is a nationally coordinated research and monitoring program that identifies and tracks changes in ecological resources of representative estuarine ecosystems and coastal watersheds. In recent years, attention has focused on using high spatial and spectral resolution satellite imagery to map and monitor wetland...
Food limitation leads to behavioral diversification and dietary specialization in sea otters
M. T. Tinker, G. Bentall, J. A. Estes
2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (105) 560-565
Dietary diversity often varies inversely with prey resource abundance. This pattern, although typically measured at the population level, is usually assumed to also characterize the behavior of individual animals within the population. However, the pattern might also be produced by changes in the degree of variation among individuals. Here we...
Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
L.L. Stillings, A. L. Foster, R.A. Koski, L. Munk, Wayne C. Shanks III
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 255-278
Several abandoned Cu mines are located along the shore of Prince William Sound, AK, where the effect of mining-related discharge upon shoreline ecosystems is unknown. To determine the magnitude of this effect at the former Beatson mine, the largest Cu mine in the region and a Besshi-type massive sulfide ore...
Measuring the performance of two stationary interrogation systems for detecting downstream and upstream movement of PIT-tagged salmonids
P.J. Connolly, I.G. Jezorek, K.D. Martens, E.F. Prentice
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 402-417
We tested the performance of two stationary interrogation systems designed for detecting the movement of fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. These systems allowed us to determine the direction of fish movement with high detection efficiency and high precision in a dynamic stream environment. We describe an indirect method...
Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations
T.M. Brocher
2008, Journal of Seismology (12) 217-221
Regional 3-D seismic velocity models used for broadband strong motion simulations must include compressional-wave velocity (Vp), shear-wave velocity (Vs), intrinsic attenuation (Qp, Qs), and density. Vs and Qs are the most important of these parameters because the strongest ground motions are generated chiefly by shear- and surface-wave arrivals. Because Vp...
Influence of perched groundwater on base flow
Richard G. Niswonger, Graham E. Fogg
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Analysis with a three‐dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size...
