Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil
S.M. Lev, E. R. Landa, K. Szlavecz, R. Casey, J. Snodgrass
2008, Mineralogical Magazine (72) 191-195
The impact of human activities on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments is nowhere more apparent than in urban landscapes. Trace metals, collected on roadways and transported by storm water, may contaminate soils and sediments associated with storm water management systems. These systems will accumulate metals and associated sediments may reach...
Evaluation of methods for attaching PIT tags and biotelemetry devices to freshwater mussels
S.P. Young, J. Jeffery Isely
2008, Molluscan Research (28) 175-178
We evaluated methods to attach PIT tags and transmitters to freshwater mussels. Mussels received externally-mounted PIT tags using cyanoacrylate or underwater epoxy, and a sub-group of those with PIT tags attached using cyanoacrylate also received dummy transmitters. Tag retention and survival were 100% after a 30 day laboratory observation period...
Red shiner invasion and hybridization with blacktail shiner in the upper Coosa River, USA
D.M. Walters, M.J. Blum, Brenda Rashleigh, B. J. Freeman, B.A. Porter, N.M. Burkhead
2008, Biological Invasions (10) 1229-1242
Human disturbance increases the invasibility of lotic ecosystems and the likelihood of hybridization between invasive and native species. We investigated whether disturbance contributed to the invasion of red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and their hybridization with native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) in the Upper Coosa River System (UCRS). Historical records...
Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods
T.J. Cox, R.L. Runkel
2008, Journal of Environmental Engineering (134) 996-1005
Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type...
Field-based evaluations of horizontal flat-plate fish screens
B.P. Rose, M.G. Mesa, G. Barbin-Zydlewski
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1702-1713
Diversions from streams are often screened to prevent the loss of or injury to fish. Hydraulic criteria meant to protect fish that encounter screens have been developed, but primarily for screens that are vertical to the water flow rather than horizontal. For this reason, we measured selected hydraulic variables and...
Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes
M.A. Widdowson, A. El-Sayed, J. E. Landmeyer
2008, Conference Paper, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation...
An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer
K.H. Lemke, R.J. Rosenbauer, J. L. Bischoff, D.K. Bird
2008, Chemical Geology (252) 136-144
Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, ??Grxno(T, P), for the reaction Co(s) + H2O(l) = CoO(s) + H2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 ??C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H2 excess and...
Disruption of the lower food web in Lake Ontario: Did it affect alewife growth or condition?
R. O'Gorman, S.E. Prindle, J.R. Lantry, B.F. Lantry
2008, Conference Paper, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, a succession of non-native invertebrates colonized Lake Ontario and the suite of consequences caused by their colonization became known as "food web disruption". For example, the native burrowing amphipod Diporeia spp., a key link in the profundal food web, declined to near...
12 May 2008 M = 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems
S. Toda, J. Lin, M. Meghraoui, R.S. Stein
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
The Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan fault zone devastated cities of Sichuan, claiming at least 69,000 lives. We calculate that the earthquake also brought the Xianshuihe, Kunlun and Min Jiang faults 150-400 km from the mainshock rupture in the eastern Tibetan Plateau 0.2-0.5 bars closer to Coulomb failure. Because...
Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis
A. Kolker, M.A. Engle, W. H. Orem, J.E. Bunnell, H.E. Lerch, D. P. Krabbenhoft, M.L. Olson, J.D. McCord
2008, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research (32) 279-293
Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 μ m−3) and yearly (15 μg m−3) mass‐per‐unit‐volume limits, regardless of PM2.5 composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed...
Meso- and micropore characteristics of coal lithotypes: Implications for CO2 adsorption
Maria Mastalerz, A. Drobniak, J. Rupp
2008, Energy and Fuels (22) 4049-4061
Lithotypes (vitrain, clarain, and fusain) of high volatile bituminous Pennsylvanian coals (Ro of 0.56-0.62%) from Indiana (the Illinois Basin) have been studied with regard to meso- and micropore characteristics using low-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption techniques, respectively. High-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms were obtained from lithotypes of the Lower Block...
A 1500-year holocene caribbean climate archive from the Blue Hole, lighthouse reef, belize
E. Gischler, E.A. Shinn, W. Oschmann, J. Fiebig, N.A. Buster
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (24) 1495-1505
Sediment cores (up to 6 m in length) from the bottom of the Blue Hole, a 125 m deep Pleistocene sinkhole located in the lagoon of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize, consist of undisturbed, annually layered biogenic carbonate muds and silts with intercalated coarser grained storm beds. The sedimentation rate of...
Assessing sulfate reduction and methane cycling in a high salinity pore water system in the northern Gulf of Mexico
J. W. Pohlman, C. Ruppel, D. R. Hutchinson, R. Downer, R.B. Coffin
2008, Marine and Petroleum Geology (25) 942-951
Pore waters extracted from 18 piston cores obtained on and near a salt-cored bathymetric high in Keathley Canyon lease block 151 in the northern Gulf of Mexico contain elevated concentrations of chloride (up to 838 mM) and have pore water chemical concentration profiles that exhibit extensive departures (concavity) from steady-state...
Seismic and acoustic recordings of an unusually large rockfall at Mount St. Helens, Washington
Seth C. Moran, R.S. Matoza, M.A. Garces, M.A.H. Hedlin, D. Bowers, William E. Scott, David R. Sherrod, James W. Vallance
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35) 1-6
On 29 May 2006 a large rockfall off the Mount St. Helens lava dome produced an atmospheric plume that was reported by airplane pilots to have risen to 6,000 m above sea level and interpreted to be a result of an explosive event. However, subsequent field reconnaissance found no evidence...
Geology of the Carnegie museum dinosaur quarry site of Diplodocus carnegii, Sheep Creek, Wyoming
D. K. Brezinski, A.D. Kollar
2008, Annals of Carnegie Museum (77) 243-252
The holotype of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher, 1901, consists of a partial skeleton (CM 84) that was recovered, along with a second partial skeleton of the same species (CM 94), from the upper 10 m of the Talking Rock facies of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation exposed along...
Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon
E.C. Janney, R.S. Shively, B.S. Hayes, P.M. Barry, D. Perkins
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 1812-1825
We used 13 years (1995-2007) of capture-mark-recapture data to assess population dynamics of endangered Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate survival, and information theoretic modeling was used to assess variation due to time, gender,...
Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data
Yongling Weng, Peng Gong, Zhi-Liang Zhu
2008, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (34) 259-270
Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes and is a severe environmental hazard. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential of predicting salt content in soils with hyperspectral data acquired with EO-1 Hyperion. Both partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and conventional multiple linear...
Mantle structure beneath the western edge of the Colorado Plateau
C.R. Sine, D. Wilson, W. Gao, S.P. Grand, R. Aster, J. Ni, W.S. Baldridge
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Teleseismic traveltime data are inverted for mantle Vp and Vs variations beneath a 1400 km long line of broadband seismometers extending from eastern New Mexico to western Utah. The model spans 600 km beneath the moho with resolution of ~50 km. Inversions show a sharp, large-magnitude velocity contrast across the...
Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions
F. F. Pollitz, David P. Schwartz
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
We construct a viscoelastic cycle model of plate boundary deformation that includes the effect of time-dependent interseismic strain accumulation, coseismic strain release, and viscoelastic relaxation of the substrate beneath the seismogenic crust. For a given fault system, time-averaged stress changes at any point (not on a fault) are constrained to...
The Breccia Museo formation, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: Geochronology, chemostratigraphy and relationship with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption
L. Fedele, C. Scarpati, M. Lanphere, L. Melluso, V. Morra, A. Perrotta, G. Ricci
2008, Bulletin of Volcanology (70) 1189-1219
The Breccia Museo is one of the most debated volcanic formations of the Campi Flegrei volcanic district. The deposit, made up of six distinctive stratigraphic units, has been interpreted by some as the proximal facies of the major caldera-forming Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, and by others as the product of...
Physical properties of sediments from Keathley Canyon and Atwater Valley, JIP Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate drilling program
William J. Winters, Brandon Dugan, Timothy S. Collett
2008, Marine and Petroleum Geology (25) 896-905
Physical property measurements and consolidation behavior are different between sediments from Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Void ratio and bulk density of Atwater Valley sediment from a seafloor mound (holes ATM1 and ATM2) show little effective stress (or depth) dependence to 27 meters below seafloor...
Infinite slope stability under steady unsaturated seepage conditions
Ning Lu, Jonathan W. Godt
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
We present a generalized framework for the stability of infinite slopes under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. The analytical framework allows the water table to be located at any depth below the ground surface and variation of soil suction and moisture content above the water table under steady infiltration conditions. The...
(U-Th)/He dating of kimberlites-A case study from north-eastern Kansas
T.J. Blackburn, D.F. Stockli, R. W. Carlson, P. Berendsen
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (275) 111-120
Dating kimberlite intrusive rocks by radiogenic isotope geochronology often is a difficult task, complicated by both the lack of dateable minerals within kimberlite as well as significant sample alteration that can degrade samples and alter parent-daughter ratios. This study presents a new geochronologic tool for timing the emplacement of kimberlites...
Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars
B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, F. Poulet, J.L. Bishop, A.J. Brown, W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, D.J. Des Marais, R.E. Milliken, L.H. Roach, T. L. Roush, G.A. Swayze, J.J. Wray
2008, Science (322) 1828-1832
Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate...
Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration
D.A. Grimley, J.-S. Wang, D.A. Liebert, J.O. Dawson
2008, Restoration Ecology (16) 657-667
Flooded, saturated, or poorly drained soils are commonly anaerobic, leading to microbially induced magnetite/maghemite dissolution and decreased soil magnetic susceptibility (MS). Thus, MS is considerably higher in well-drained soils (MS typically 40-80 ?? 10-5 standard international [SI]) compared to poorly drained soils (MS typically 10-25 ?? 10-5 SI) in Illinois,...
