Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers
J. A. Czuba, K. Oberg
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology
Previous work by Oberg and Mueller of the U.S. Geological Survey in 2007 concluded that exposure time (total time spent sampling the flow) is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty. In a subsequent paper, Oberg and Mueller validated these conclusions using one set of data to show that the...
Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection
Michael A. Wulder, Stephanie M. Ortlepp, Joanne C. White, Susan Maxwell
2008, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (34) 93-99
Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however,...
Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas
Emil D. Attanasi, Philip A. Freeman
2008, Oil & Gas Journal (106)
The study area of US Geological Survey Circular 1288, the world outside the US and Canada, was partitioned into 44 countries and country groups. Map figures such as Fig. 2 and graphs similar to Figs. 3 and 4 provide a visual summary of maturity of oil and gas exploration. From...
Wildfire effects on water temperature and selection of breeding sites by the Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas) in seasonal wetlands
B. R. Hossack, P.S. Corn
2008, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (3) 46-54
Disturbances can significantly affect the thermal regime and community structure of wetlands. We investigated the effect of a wildfire on water temperature of seasonal, montane wetlands after documenting the colonization of recently burned wetlands by the Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas boreas). We compared the daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature,...
Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms
N. Watanabe, T.H. Harter, B.A. Bergamaschi
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compared with other livestock operations, except for the...
Temporal trends in nitrate and selected pesticides in mid-atlantic ground water
L.M. Debrewer, S.W. Ator, J. M. Denver
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Evaluating long-term temporal trends in regional ground-water quality is complicated by variable hydrogeologic conditions and typically slow flow, and such trends have rarely been directly measured. Ground-water samples were collected over near-decadal and annual intervals from unconfined aquifers in agricultural areas of the Mid-Atlantic region, including fractured carbonate rocks in...
Understanding slow slip, tremor, and quakes
J. Gomberg, A.M. Trehu, E. Roeloffs, H. Dragert
2008, Conference Paper, Eos
[No abstract available]...
Semantic mediation in the national geologic map database (US)
D. Percy, S. Richard, D. Soller
2008, Conference Paper, AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report
Controlled language is the primary challenge in merging heterogeneous databases of geologic information. Each agency or organization produces databases with different schema, and different terminology for describing the objects within. In order to make some progress toward merging these databases using current technology, we have developed software and a workflow...
Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site
T. Choi, A. Angal, G. Chander, X. Xiong
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
A methodology for long-term radiometric cross-calibration between the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was developed. The approach involves calibration of near-simultaneous surface observations between 2000 and 2007. Fifty-seven cloud-free image pairs were carefully selected over the Libyan desert for...
MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration
Jielun Sun, R.E. Eplee Jr., X. Xiong, T. Stone, G. Meister, C.R. McClain
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Moon plays an important role in the radiometric stability monitoring of the NASA Earth Observing System's (EOS) remote sensors. The MODIS and SeaWIFS are two of the key instruments for NASA's EOS missions. The MODIS Protoflight Model (PFM) on-board the Terra spacecraft and the MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1)...
Radiometric calibration stability and inter-calibration of solar-band instruments in orbit using the moon
T.C. Stone
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
With the increased emphasis on monitoring the Earth's climate from space, more stringent calibration requirements are being placed on the data products from remote sensing satellite instruments. Among these are stability over decade-length time scales and consistency across sensors and platforms. For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range...
Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003
L. Frans
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Pesticide and nitrate data for ground water sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, between 1993 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in concentration. A total of 72 wells were sampled in 1993-1995 and again in 2002-2003 in three well networks...
Optimized Autonomous Space In-situ Sensor-Web for volcano monitoring
W.-Z. Song, B. Shirazi, S. Kedar, S. Chien, F. Webb, D. Tran, A. Davis, D. Pieri, R. LaHusen, J. Pallister, D. Dzurisin, S. Moran, M. Lisowski
2008, Conference Paper, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
In response to NASA's announced requirement for Earth hazard monitoring sensor-web technology, a multidisciplinary team involving sensor-network experts (Washington State University), space scientists (JPL), and Earth scientists (USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory (CVO)), is developing a prototype dynamic and scaleable hazard monitoring sensor-web and applying it to volcano monitoring. The combined...
Toward production from gas hydrates: Current status, assessment of resources, and simulation-based evaluation of technology and potential
G. J. Moridis, T. S. Collett, R. Boswell, M. Kurihara, M. T. Reagan, C. Koh, E. D. Sloan
2008, Conference Paper, Society of Petroleum Engineers - Unconventional Reservoirs Conference 2008
Gas hydrates are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this...
NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center Pacific Ocean response criteria
P. Whitmore, H. Benz, M. Bolton, G. Crawford, L. Dengler, G. Fryer, J. Goltz, R. Hansen, K. Kryzanowski, S. Malone, D. Oppenheimer, E. Petty, G. Rogers, Jim Wilson
2008, Science of Tsunami Hazards (27) 1-19
New West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) response criteria for earthquakes occurring in the Pacific basin are presented. Initial warning decisions are based on earthquake location, magnitude, depth, and - dependent on magnitude - either distance from source or precomputed threat estimates generated from tsunami models. The new criteria will...
Development of landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table
J. A. Barsi, G. Chander, E. Micijevic, B. L. Markham, Md. O. Haque
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) has been the primary processing system for Landsat data since U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) started archiving Landsat data. NLAPS converts raw satellite data into radiometrically and geometrically calibrated products. NLAPS has historically used the Internal Calibrator...
Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003
L. M. Bexfield
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Pesticide data for ground water sampled across the United States between 1993-1995 and 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in detection frequency and concentration. The data analysis evaluated samples collected from a total of 362 wells located in 12 local well networks...
Post-breeding habitat use by adult Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) after wildfire in Glacier National Park, USA
C.G. Guscio, B. R. Hossack, L.A. Eby, P.S. Corn
2008, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (3) 55-62
Effects of wildfire on amphibians are complex, and some species may benefit from the severe disturbance of stand-replacing fire. Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas boreas) in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA increased in occurrence after fires in 2001 and 2003. We used radio telemetry to track adult B. boreas in a...
Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals
Gael Kurath
2008, OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique (27) 175-196
Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA...
Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA
G.L. Macpherson, J.A. Roberts, J.M. Blair, M.A. Townsend, D.A. Fowle, K. R. Beisner
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 5581-5599
In a mid-continental North American grassland, solute concentrations in shallow, limestone-hosted groundwater and adjacent surface water cycle annually and have increased steadily over the 15-year study period, 1991-2005, inclusive. Modeled groundwater CO2, verified by measurements of recent samples, increased from 10-2.05 atm to 10-1.94 atm, about a 20% increase, from...
At-sea distribution of radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured on the California Channel Islands
J. Adams, John Y. Takekawa
2008, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (36) 9-17
Small, rare and wide-ranging pelagic birds are difficult to locate and observe at sea; little is therefore known regarding individual movements and habitat affinities among many of the world's storm-petrels (Family Hydrobatidae). We re-located 57 of 70 radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured at three colonies in the California Channel...
Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004
Michael G. Rupert
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) S240-S248
This study evaluated decadal-scale changes of nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program from 495 wells in 24 well networks across the USA in predominantly agricultural areas. Each well network was sampled once during 1988-1995 and resampled once during 2000-2004. Statistical tests of decadal-scale...
Genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of Toxoplasma gondii
N. Sundar, Rebecca A. Cole, N. J. Thomas, D. Majumdar, J. P. Dubey, C. Su
2008, Veterinary Parasitology (151) 125-132
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with Toxoplasma gondiiand at times succumb to clinical disease. Here, we determined genotypes of 39 T. gondiiisolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations (25 from California and 12 from Washington). Six genotypes were identified using 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers...
Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica
Valerie Shearn-Bochsler, David Earl Green, K. A. Converse, D. E. Docherty, T. Thiel, H.N. Geisz, William R. Fraser, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser
2008, Polar Biology (31) 569-573
The Southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is declining over much of its range and currently is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Island-specific breeding colonies near Palmer Station, Antarctica, have been monitored for over 30 years, and because this population continues to...
Quaternary geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound
L. J. Poppe, S.J. Williams, M. S. Moser, N.A. Forfinski, H.F. Stewart, E. F. Doran
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (24) 255-266
Six Mile Reef, a sandy, 22-m-high shoal trending east-west and located about 7.8 km off the Connecticut coast, has a core of postglacial marine deltaic deposits mantled by tidally reworked modern sediments. Sedimentary environments off the eastern end of the shoal are characterized by processes associated with long-term erosion or...
