Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data
William P. Kustas, B. J. Choudhury, M. S. Moran, R. J. Reginato, R. D. Jackson, L. W. Gay, H. L. Weaver
1989, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (44) 197-216
Surface temperatures, Ts, were estimated for a natural vegetative surface in Owens Valley, California, with infrared thermometric observations collected from an aircraft. The region is quite arid and is composed primarily of bushes (∼30%) and bare soil (∼70%). Application of the bulk transfer equation for the estimation of sensible heat, H, gave...
NEIC - the National Earthquake Information Center
R.P. Masse, R.E. Needham
1989, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (21) 4-44
The National Earthquake Information Center of the US Geological Survey has three main missions. First, the NEIC determines as rapidly and as accurately as possible, the location and size of all destructive earthquakes that occur worldwide. Second, the NEIC collects and provides to scientists and to the public an extensive...
A hybrid fast Hankel transform algorithm for electromagnetic modeling
W.L. Anderson
1989, Geophysics (54) 263-266
A hybrid fast Hankel transform algorithm has been developed that uses several complementary features of two existing algorithms: Anderson's digital filtering or fast Hankel transform (FHT) algorithm and Chave's quadrature and continued fraction algorithm. A hybrid FHT subprogram (called HYBFHT) written in standard Fortran-77 provides a simple user interface to...
Analysis of chlorinated organic compounds in estuarine biota and sediments by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
C.E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira
1989, Biological Mass Spectrometry (18) 464-470
Complex sample matrices of estuarine biota tissue and bed sediment extracts were analyzed for selected chlorinated compounds. By using gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, the coeluting interferences present in gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry were eliminated in the biota tissue and bed sediment extracts. The...
West Virginia Geological Survey's role in siting fluidized bed combustion facilities
C.J. Smith, Hobart M. King, K. C. Ashton, D.S. Kirstein, G.H. McColloch
1989, Conference Paper
A project is presented which demonstrates the role of geology in planning and siting a fluidized bed combustion facility. Whenever a project includes natural resource utilization, cooperation between geologists and design engineers will provide an input that could and should save costs, similar to the one stated in our initial...
Basin-scale relations via conditioning
B.M. Troutman, M.R. Karlinger, D.P. Guertin
1989, Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics (3) 111-133
A rainfall-runoff model is used in conjunction with a probabilistic description of the input to this model to obtain simple regression-like relations for basin runoff in terms of basin and storm characteristics. These relations, similar to those sought in regionalization studies, are computed by evaluating the conditional distribution of model...
Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff: implications for middle Tertiary extension in east central Nevada
J.T. Hagstrum, P. B. Gans
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 1827-1842
The Oligocene Kalamazoo Tuff (≃35 Ma) was sampled for paleomagnetic analysis across a 100-km-wide zone of highly extended crust in east central Nevada to estimate between-site vertical axis rotations and thus the relative importance of strike-slip faulting to the mechanism of extension. Subordinate sampling was also undertaken in a younger...
Morphology and stratigraphy of small barrier-lagoon systems in Maine
W. Duffy, D. F. Belknap, J. T. Kelley
1989, Marine Geology (88) 243-262
The coast of Maine contains over 200 individual barrier-lagoon systems, most quite small, with an aggregate length of nearly 100 km. Although they represent less than 5% of the tidally influenced coastline of Maine, they are widely distributed and occur in...
Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 195-201
Often the brightness or digital number (DN) range of satellite image data is less than optimal and uses only a portion of the available values (0 to 255) because the range of reflectance values is small. Most imaging systems have been designed with only two gain settings, normal and high....
Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma
E.A. Shinn, R.P. Steinen, B. H. Lidz, Peter K. Swart
1989, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (59) 147-161
Whitings, drifting clouds of water, milky because of suspended carbonate, have been claimed to originate from either the action of bottom-feeding fish or direct precipitation of calcium carbonate. Five cruises during different seasons were made to the Great Bahama Bank to collect data...
Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81
David J. Shultz
1989, Water Supply Paper 2234-J
On an annual basis, river-supplied nitrate is the predominant form of nitrogen supplied to the tidal Potomac River from external sources. Much of the nitrate is associated with high flows that have rapid transit times through the tidal river. The Blue Plains Sewage-Treatment Plant (STP) at Washington, D.C., is the...
Extraction of terrain features from digital elevation models
Curtis V. Price, David M. Wolock, Mark A. Ayers
1989, Conference Paper
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are being used to determine variable inputs for hydrologic models in the Delaware River basin. Recently developed software for analysis of DEMs has been applied to watershed and streamline delineation. The results compare favorably with similar delineations taken from topographic maps. Additionally, output from this software...
Effect of chlorine in clay-mineral specimens prepared on silver metal-membrane mounts for X-ray powder diffraction analysis
L.J. Poppe, J.A. Commeau, G.M. Pense
1989, Clays and Clay Minerals (37) 381-384
Silver metal-membrane filters are commonly used as substrates in the preparation of oriented clay-mineral specimens for X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). They are relatively unaffected by organic solvent treatments and specimens can be prepared rapidly. The filter mounts are adaptable to automatic sample changers, have few discrete reflections at higher 20...
Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis
P.S. Chavez Jr., Andy Y. Kwarteng
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 339-348
A challenge encountered with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, which includes data from size reflective spectral bands, is displaying as much information as possible in a three-image set for color compositing or digital analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the six TM bands simultaneously is often used to address...
Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona
J.H. Wittke, D. Smith, J. L. Wooden
1989, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (101) 57-68
Alkalic and tholeiitic basalts were erupted in the central Arizona Transition Zone during Miocene-Pliocene time before and after regional faulting. The alkalic lava types differ from the subalkaline lavas in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and trace element ratios and, despite close temporal and spatial relationships, the two types...
Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 μm) mineral spectra
John W. Salisbury, Louis S. Walter, Norma Vergo
1989, American Mineralogist (74) 938-939
All previously published libraries of infrared mineral spectra are in the form of transmittance. Reflectance spectra are, however, more useful for remote sensing and some potential laboratory applications, such as the use of an infrared microscope for mineral identification on polished sections. This note points out that construction of a new library of...
A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data
L. Cordell, A. E. McCafferty
1989, Geophysics (54) 621-634
The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case)...
State of stress and modern deformation of the northern Basin and Range Province
M.L. Zoback
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 7105-7128
Constraints on the current stress regime of the actively extending northern Basin and Range province are provided by deformation data (focal mechanisms and fault slip studies), hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements, borehole elongation (“breakouts”) analyses, and alignment of young volcanic vents. The integrated data indicate significant variations both in...
Late Neogene geohistory analysis of the Humboldt basin and its relationship to convergence of the Juan de Fuca plate
P. A. McCrory
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 3126-3138
Geohistory analysis of Neogene Humboldt basin strata provides important constraints for hypotheses of the tectonic evolution of the southern Cascadia subduction margin, leading up to the arrival of the Mendocino triple junction. This analysis suggests that the tectonic evolution of the Humboldt basin area was dominated by coupling between the...
Estimation of strong ground motions from hypothetical earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, Pacific Northwest
T. H. Heaton, S.H. Hartzell
1989, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (129) 131-201
Strong ground motions are estimated for the Pacific Northwest assuming that large shallow earthquakes, similar to those experienced in southern Chile, southwestern Japan, and Colombia, may also occur on the Cascadia subduction zone. Fifty-six strong motion recordings for twenty-five subduction earthquakes of Ms???7.0 are used to estimate the response spectra...
Lagoonal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Rock Springs Formation (Mesaverde Group), southwest Wyoming
M.A. Kirschbaum
1989, Marine Geology (88) 349-364
Most paleogeographic reconstructions of the Rock Springs Formation show shorelines having lobate to arcuate deltas. These shorelines are oriented NE-SW, with the sea to the southeast. Brackish-water bodies are usually shown in interdistributary areas or associated with abandoned delta lobes, and are open to the sea. In this study,...
Three-dimensional records of surface displacement on the Superstition Hills fault zone associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987
R. V. Sharp, J.L. Saxton
1989, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (79) 376-389
Seven quadrilaterals, constructed at broadly distributed points on surface breaks within the Superstition Hills fault zone, were repeatedly remeasured after the pair of 24 November 1987 earthquakes to monitor the growing surface displacement. Changes in the dimensions of the quadrilaterals are recalculated to right-lateral and extensional components at millimeter resolution,...
Depositional aspects and a guide to Paleocene coal-bearing sequences, Powder River Basin
Romeo M. Flores, Peter D. Warwick, Timothy A. Moore
Romeo M. Flores, Peter D. Warwick, Timothy A. Moore, Gary Glass, Archie Smith, Douglas J. Nichols, Jack A. Wolfe, Ronald W. Stanton, Jean Weaver, editor(s)
1989, Conference Paper, Tertiary and Cretaceous coals in the Rocky Mountains region: Casper, Wyoming to Salt Lake City, Utah June 29-July 8, 1989
The Paleocene coal-bearing sequences in the northern Powder River Basin are contained in the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation and include anomalously thick (54 m) subbituminous coals. These thick coals have been the target of exploration and development for the past few decades. For the past decade,...
Field measurements of dry deposition to spruce foliage and petri dishes in the Black Forest, F.R.G.
J. B. Shanley
1989, Atmospheric Environment (23) 403-414
Dry deposition fluxes of Ca2+, Mg2+ , K+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and SO2−4 to spruce foliage and petri dishes were measured in two high-elevation sites ( > 900 m) in the southern Black Forest, F.R.G., during 12 periods (2–7 days, each) from mid-September to mid-November, 1983, In situ extraction of deposited material from small spruce branches...
A thrust-ridge paleodepositional model for the Upper Freeport coal bed and associated clastic facies, Upper Potomac coal field, Appalachian basin, U.S.A.
Edward S. Belt, P.C. Lyons
1989, International Journal of Coal Geology (12) 293-328
A blind-thrust-ridge model is proposed to explain the lack of coarse clastic material in the vast minable Upper Freeport coal bed (UF). This coal bed contains only fine elastic partings and is overlain by regionally extensive, closely spaced channel-belt deposits in...
