Nucleation and growth of strike slip faults in granite
P. Segall, D.P. Pollard
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) 555-568
Fractures within granodiorite of the central Sierra Nevada, California, were studied to elucidate the mechanics of faulting in crystalline rocks, with emphasis on the nucleation of new fault surfaces and their subsequent propagation and growth. Within the study area the fractures form a single, subparallel array which strikes N50°–70°E and...
The role of digital cartographic data in the geosciences
S.C. Guptill
1983, Computers & Geosciences (9) 23-26
The increasing demand of the Nation's natural resource developers for the manipulation, analysis, and display of large quantities of earth-science data has necessitated the use of computers and the building of geoscience information systems. These systems require, in digital form, the spatial data on map products. The basic cartographic data...
Variable tolerance to copper in two species from San Francisco Bay
Samuel N. Luoma, D.J. Cain, K. Ho, A. Hutchinson
1983, Marine Environmental Research (10) 209-222
In static toxicity experiments, tolerance to soluble Cu of the bivalve, Macoma balthica, and the copepod, Acartia clausi, varied substantially among populations sampled within San Francisco Bay. Intraspecific tolerance differed ten-fold or more for both species over relatively small distances, suggesting geographical isolation of populations is not a prerequisite for...
Euler-Lagrangian computation for estuarine hydrodynamics
Ralph T. Cheng
1983, Conference Paper, Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Proceedings of the International Conference
The transport of conservative and suspended matter in fluid flows is a phenomenon of Lagrangian nature because the process is usually convection dominant. Nearly all numerical investigations of such problems use an Eulerian formulation for the convenience that the computational grids are fixed in space and because the vast majority...
Characteristics of resuspended sediment from Georges Bank collected with a sediment trap
C.M. Parmenter, Michael H. Bothner, B. Butman
1983, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (17) 521-533
A sediment trap was deployed 3 m from the bottom at a water depth of 62 m on the southern flank of Georges Bank (41°02·2′N, 67°33·5′W) from 30 September 1978 to 10 March 1979 to qualitatively determine the size of sediments resuspended from the bottom by winter storms and to...
Mapping the earthquake hazards of the Los Angeles region.
J. I. Ziony, J. C. Tinsley
1983, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (15) 134-141
Discusses examples of fault, shaking and ground-failure hazards taken from recent studies of the Los Angeles region. These should provide an improved basis for delineating geographic variations in local earthquake hazards. -M.Barrett...
Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world
M. F. Meier
1983, Hydrological Sciences Journal (28) 3-22
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, the 100th and 50th anniversaries of the First and Second International Polar Years, and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, it seems appropriate to re-examine the world's water balance and the role of snow...
HIGH-TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Manuel Nathenson
1983, Conference Paper, Electric Power Research Institute, Advanced Power Systems Division, (Report) EPRI AP
The calculation of high-temperature geothermal resources ( greater than 150 degree C) in the United States has been done by estimating the temperature, area, and thickness of each identified system. These data, along with a general model for recoverability of geothermal energy and a calculation that takes account of the...
Thermal decarboxylation of acetic acid: Implications for origin of natural gas
Y.K. Kharaka, W.W. Carothers, R.J. Rosenbauer
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 397-402
Laboratory experiments on the thermal decarboxylation of solutions of acetic acid at 200°C and 300°C were carried out in hydrothermal equipment allowing for on-line sampling of both the gas and liquid phases for chemical and stable-carbon-isotope analyses. The solutions had ambient pH values between 2.5 and 7.1; pH values and...
Calculation of amorphous silica solubilities at 25° to 300°C and apparent cation hydration numbers in aqueous salt solutions using the concept of effective density of water
Robert O. Fournier, Marshall L. Williams
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 587-596
The solubility of amorphous silica in aqueous salt solutions at 25° to 300°C can be calculated using information on its solubility in pure water and a model in which the activity of water in the salt solution is defined to equal the effective density. pe, of “free” water in that solution....
Methanogenesis of phenolic compounds by a bacterial consortium from a contaminated aquifer in St. Louis Park, Minnesota
E.M. Godsy, D.F. Goerlitz, G. G. Ehrlich
1983, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (30) 261-268
No abstract available....
Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth
T. D. Hamilton, T. A. Ager, S.W. Robinson
1983, Arctic and Alpine Research (15) 157-168
Test trenches excavated into muskeg near Fairbanks in 1969 exposed a polygonal network of active ice wedges. The wedges occur in peat that has accumulated since about 3500 yr BP and have grown episodically as the permafrost table fluctuated in response to fires, other local site conditions and perhaps regional...
Nontronite from a low-temperature hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R. Murnane, D.A. Clague
1983, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (65) 343-352
A deposit of Fe-rich, Al-poor, hydrothermal nontronite was recovered from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Analyses show the deposit to be mineralogically and chemically similar to nontronite described at other oceanic localities. The deposit is located near the tip of a...
The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters
B.G. Oliver, E.M. Thurman, Ronald L. Malcolm
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 2031-2035
An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was...
A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use
David L. Wright, Raymond D. Watts, Erik Bramsoe
1983, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-22) 720-725
We have made hole-to-hole observations through nearly 20 m of granite using an electromagnetic transponder (an active reflector) in one borehole and a single-hole short-pulse radar in another. We found that the transponder is inexpensive, operationally simple, and effective in extending the capability of a short-pulse borehole radar system to...
Gas-film coefficients for streams
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai
1983, Journal of Environmental Engineering (109) 1111-1127
Equations for predicting the gas-film coefficient for the volatilization of organic solutes from streams are developed. The film coefficient is a function of windspeed and water temperature. The dependence of the coefficient on windspeed is determined from published information on the evaporation of water from a canal. The dependence of...
87Sr/86Sr ratios for basalt from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii
Marvin A. Lanphere
1983, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (66) 380-387
87Sr/86Sr ratios of 15 samples of basalt dredged from Loihi Seamount range from 0.70334 to 0.70368. The basalt types range from tholeiite to basanite in composition and can be divided into six groups on the basis of abundances of K2O, Na2O, Rb...
Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint
E-An Zen
1983, Environmental Conservation (10) 97-104
Planning for the best use of land and its resources should take fully into consideration the long-term consequences of each type of use in order to stretch out most beneficially the well-being of society in the future, and to protect the integrity of the land and its...
Distribution of corticolous noncrustose lichens on trunks of Rocky Mountain junipers in Boulder County, Colorado.
J. L. Peard
1983, Bryologist (86) 244-250
Nineteen species of noncrustose lichens were found on Juniperus scopulorum bark; 3 species had relatively high cover and frequency values and were characterized as typical lichens of Rocky Mountain junipers: Xanthoria fallax, Phaeophyscia hirsuta and Physcia caesia. Total cover per tree was low (4%) and most species preferred the N...
Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater
R. J. Gilliom, C.R. Patmont
1983, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (55) 1297-1305
The movement of effluent phosphorus (P) from old septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater was investigated. A previous study indicated a correlation between P loadings and the presence of old homes. Water samples were taken from shallow wells installed 10 to 50 m downgradient from seven septic systems 20 to...
Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality
D.R. Helsel
1983, Water Resources Bulletin (19) 881-887
Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal...
Rehabilitation materials from surface- coal mines in western USA. I. Chemical characteristics of spoil and replaced cover-soil.
R. C. Severson, L. P. Gough
1983, Reclamation and Revegetation Research (2) 83-102
A range of at least one order of magnitude was observed for DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn and organic matter content of samples of spoil and cover-soil from eleven western USA surface-coal mines. The observed pH of these samples ranged from 3.9 to 8.9; however, most...
SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALOUS FLUID MOTIONS IN BOREHOLES FROM CONTINUOUS TEMPERATURE LOGS.
William H. Diment, Thomas C. Urban
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Above a critical Rayleigh number, the fluid in a borehole convects. The aspect ratio of the convective motions is commonly between four and ten as determined by temperature-time recordings at fixed depths in cased holes. Aspect ratios greatly in excess of this range indicate anomalous fluid-flow in the hole such...
A description of the external and internal quiet daily variation currents at North American locations for a quiet-Sun year.
W.H. Campbell
1983, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (73) 51-64
An order 4, degree 12 spherical harmonic analysis of the smoothed quiet geomagnetic daily variations was used to separate the external and internal geomagnetic Sq field at North American locations for the quiet-Sun year, 1965. These fields were represented by a month-by-month display of equivalent current vortex systems with dominant,...
Holocene history of the estuarine area surrounding Portage, Alaska, as recorded in a 93 m core
S. Bartsch-Winkler, A.T. Ovenshine, R. Kachadoorian
1983, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (20) 802-820
A 93 m core obtained at Portage, Alaska records four prograding cycles of estuarine deposition for the past 8230 ± 100 years. Analyses of texture, mineralogy, paleontology, and sedimentary structures enable definition of eight lithologic units. Mineralogic studies show that past and present sedimentation at Portage has been largely mud and sand from...
