Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity
David J. Hoffman, W. C. Eastin Jr.
1981, Environmental Research (26) 472-485
The effects of external exposure of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs to malathion, diazinon, and parathion were examined using formulations and concentrations similar to field applications. Treatment with aqueous emulsion simulated exposure at the rate of 100 gal per acre (153 liters/hectare) with three to six different doses per compound with...
Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.
F.T. Manheim, C. K. Paull
1981, Journal of Hydrology (54) 95-105
Investigations of formation-fluid salinities in a transect from western Georgia to the edge of the Blake Plateau off the coast of Georgia show surprisingly similar hydrochemical features offshore and onshore. A fresh-brackish wedge of groundwater (<25 g/kg total dissolved solids) lies beneath the shelf to a depth of ∼ 900...
Stability of a very coarse-grained beach at Carmel, California
John R. Dingler
1981, Marine Geology (44) 241-252
Monastery Beach at Carmel, California, is a pocket beach composed of very coarse to granular sediment. In profile, the beach has a well-defined berm crest; a steep foreshore; and a gently sloping, barless offshore covered by large, long-crested oscillation ripples. Carmel Submarine Canyon heads a few hundred meters offshore of...
Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal
K. Cartwright, R. H. Gilkeson, T.M. Johnson
1981, Journal of Hydrology (54) 357-369
Present regulations assume that long-term isolation of hazardous wastes - including toxic chemical, biological, radioactive, flammable and explosive wastes - may be effected by disposal in landfills that have liners of very low hydraulic conductivity. In reality, total isolation of wastes in humid areas is not possible; some migration of...
Post-fire succession of the herbaceous flora in southern California chaparral
Sterling C. Keeley, Jon E. Keeley, S. M. Hutchinson, A. W. Johnson
1981, Ecology (62) 1608-1621
Postfire succesion of the temporary herbaceous and suffrutescent cover was studied after chaparral fires in San Diego County, California, USA. Four categories of species make up the temporary cover. (1) "Generalized herbaceous perennials" are present before and after fire. Populations of these herbs are sparse under the shrub canopy. They...
Image enhancement through film recorder response contouring
John E. Boyd
1981, Conference Paper, Proceedings Volume 0278, Electro-Optical Instrumentation for Resources Evaluation
In contrast to the traditional recording from high-altitude aircraft of Earth images directly onto film in their inherently continuous analog form, a Landsat Earth resources satellite samples the ground image brightness and records it on a digital, electronic medium. Although digitization incurs several extra steps in the reproduction of the...
Estimation of the geochemical threshold and its statistical significance
A.T. Miesch
1981, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (16) 49-76
A statistic is proposed for estimating the geochemical threshold and its statistical significance, or it may be used to identify a group of extreme values that can be tested for significance by other means. The statistic is the maximum gap between adjacent values in an ordered array after each gap...
Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks
J. Gorsline, W. N. Holmes
1981, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (10) 765-777
Unstressed mallard ducks (Anas platyrhychos), given uncontaminated food and maintained on a short photoperiod, show two daily maxima in plasma corticosterone concentration ([B]); one occurring early in the light phase and a second just before the onset of darkness. After one week of exposure to food containing 3% (v/w) South...
Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings
B. W. Cain, E. A. Pafford
1981, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (10) 737-745
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings were fed nickel sulphate in their diet from day one to 90 days of age. Ducklings fed 1,200 ppm nickel began to tremor and show signs of paresis after 14 days of dosage (age) and 71% of this group died within 60 days of age. Birds...
Subsurface injection of liquid waste in Florida, United States of America
John Vecchioli
1981, Science of Total Environment (21) 127-136
In 1979, liquid waste was injected into the subsurface of Florida by 10 injection systems at an aggregate average rate of 165,000 m3/d. All the systems inject into carbonate rocks that contain salty water. Extensive precautions are taken in the construction of the injection wells and in the monitoring of...
Role of numerical simulation in analysis of ground-water quality problems
Leonard F. Konikow
1981, Science of the Total Environment (21) 299-312
The increasing public awareness and concern about the hazards of toxic chemicals contaminating aquifers has created an increased need for predictive capabilities to analyze ground-water contamination problems. Several digital models to simulate the movement and concentration of ground-water contaminants have been documented recently. Most simulate the transport and dispersion of...
Forage species in lakes and reservoirs of the western United States
R.S. Wydoski, D.H. Bennett
1981, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (110) 764-771
Fisheries management in the western United States has concentrated on salmonid species, particularly in streams. Forage‐fish management in lakes and reservoirs is not highly developed, and has emphasized introductions of both predators and prey. In coldwater lakes, kokanees Oncorhynchus nerka have been established widely as the principal forage for salmonids...
The role of change data in a land use and land cover map updating program
Valerie A. Milazzo
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 189-200
An assessment of current land use and a process for identifying and measuring change are needed to evaluate trends and problems associated with the use of our Nation's land resources. The U. S. Geological Survey is designing a program to maintain the currency of its land use and land...
Digital elevation data as an aid to land use and land cover classification
Alden P. Colvocoresses
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 92-93
Elevation data is generally associated with topographic maps and expressed by contours and spot elevations. However, elevation data is also essential to the proper classification of land use and land cover by remote sensing techniques. Absolute elevation governs various types of vegetative growth as does the degree and direction of...
Classification systems for natural resource management
Richard L. Kleckner
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 65-70
Resource managers employ various types of resource classification systems in their management activities such as inventory, mapping, and data analysis. Classification is the ordering or arranging of objects into groups or sets on the basis of their relationships, and as such, provide the resource managers with a structure for...
Some thoughts on cartographic and geographic information systems for the 1980's
L.E. Starr, Kirk E. Anderson
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 41-55
The U.S. Geological Survey is adopting computer techniques to meet the expanding need for cartographic base category data. Digital methods are becoming increasingly important in the mapmaking process, and the demand is growing for physical, social, and economic data. Recognizing these emerging needs, the National Mapping Division began,...
A comparative study of linear and nonlinear edge finding techniques for Landsat multispectral data
Robert Shaw, Lynda Sowers, Ellen Sanchez
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 529-542
Several numerical methods were computerize in order to evaluate edge finding techniques for accuracy, versatility and computer time and cost. The study was preformed primarily to select edge detection operators which will be used to do spatial correlation between images for image registration of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) scenes....
The role of remotely sensed and other spatial data for predictive modeling: the Umatilla, Oregon example
Thomas R. Loveland, Gary E. Johnson
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 442-454
The U. S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems Data Center, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, developed and tested techniques that used remotely sensed and other spatial data in predictive models to evaluate irrigation agriculture in the Umatilla River Basin of north-central Oregon....
The development and application of a county-level geographic database
James A. Sturdevant
1981, Conference Paper, Remote sensing — An input to geographic information systems in the 1980's, William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, 7th
The purpose of this paper us to describe the collection of land use data by remote sensing techniques, the incorporation of land use, soils and slope data into a geographic database, and an application of geographic database techniques to a county planning problem. Land use data were successfully interpreted...
From ecological test site to geographic information system: lessons for the 1980's
Robert H. Alexander
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 359-365
Geographic information systems were common elements in two kinds of interdisciplinary regional demonstration projects in the 1970's. Ecological test sits attempted to provide for more efficient remote-sensing data delivery for regional environmental management. Regional environmental systems analysis attempted to formally describe and model the interacting regional social and...
Compressing interpreted satellite imagery for geographic information systems applications over extensive regions
Stephan W. Miller
1981, Pecora VII Symposium 341-358
Image processing systems (IPS) and techniques effectively transform satellite imagery into data for input into a spatial database. Geographic information systems (GIS), consisting of graphic input and spatial database management subsystems, are capable of processing digital map and map overlay data to build and manipulate a spatial database. These systems...
Bobwhite population responses to exploitation: two problems
David R. Anderson, Kenneth P. Burnham
1981, Journal of Wildlife Management (45) 1052-1054
Recently, Roseberry (1979) attempted to (1) clarify the theoretical basis for harvesting bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), (2) assess the impact of varying intensities of harvest on standing densities and long-term yields, and (3) define a harvest strategy appropriate for the bobwhite resource in Illinois. That paper, based on 24 years...
The freshwater‐inflow‐to‐estuaries issue
Norman Gustaf Benson
1981, Fisheries (6) 8-10
Over 55% of the United States commercial fish and shellfish catch is dependent upon estuaries for spawning and nursery functions, but estuaries cannot function ecologically without an adequate supply, seasonal inflow, and quality of freshwater from inland rivers. Such inland river development projects as constructing reservoirs, leveeing rivers, dredging navigation...
Development and application of a knowledge-based expert system for uranium resource evaluation: final report
John G. Gaschnig, Rene Reboh, John Reiter
1981, Report, SRI Project 2225
No abstract available....
Seawater consumption and water flux in the common dolphin Delphinus delphis
Clifford A. Hui
1981, Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology (54) 430-440
Two captive female common dolphins (59 kg and 55 kg) were given intravenous injections of tritiated water (HTO) and sodium-22 (Na-22) after the first day of a 5-day fast. Blood samples were collected each of the next 4 days. Total body water was 37% of total body weight, and the mean rate of <span...
