Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska
K.A. Kvenvolden, T.M. Vogel, J.V. Gardner
1981, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (14) 209-219
This geochemical survey is based on 20 stations located on the outer continental shelf of the southern Bering Sea in an area of 30,000 km2 that includes St. George basin. Hydrocarbon gases from sediment samples recovered by gravity coring at each of the stations were analyzed by gas chromatography. Data are...
Gas hydrates (clathrates) causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins
R. Hesse, W.E. Harrison
1981, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (55) 453-462
The occurrence of gas hydrates in deep-water sections of the continental margins predicted from anomalous acoustic reflectors on seismic profiles has been confirmed by recent deep-sea drilling results. On the Pacific continental slope off Guatemala gas hydrates were brought up for...
Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction
R. F. Sanzolone, T. T. Chao
1981, The Analyst (106) 647-652
An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method with electrothermal atomisation has been developed for the determination of selenium in geological materials. The sample is decomposed with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids and heated with hydrochloric acid to reduce selenium to selenium(IV). Selenium is then extracted into toluene from a hydrochloric...
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage
Patrick G. Hatcher, Irving A. Breger, W.L. Earl
1981, Organic Geochemistry (3) 49-55
Various wood fragments buried in sediments under anaerobic conditions for from 450 yr to approximately 8 Myr have been examined by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Cellulose and other carbohydrates, the major components of Holocene wood, have been shown to be gradually hydrolyzed or otherwise lost under the conditions of...
Improved spectrophotometric cell for hydrothermal solutions
N.J. Susak, D.A. Crerar, T.C. Forseman, J.L. Haas Jr.
1981, Review of Scientific Instruments (52) 428-431
A simple, inexpensive spectrophotometric cell was designed for use with aqueous solutions for which temperature is a maximum of 325??C and pressure, 28 MPa. The cell has an internal volume of 5 ml and a path length of 1.31 cm. Each furnace assembly is 120 mm in diameter ?? 150...
Estimating bird damage from damage incidence in wine grape vineyards
R. W. DeHaven, R. L. Hothem
1981, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (32) 1-4
Bird damage was measured during 1977 and 1978 at 32 wine grape vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley and North Coastal Region of California. Both the percentage bird loss (PBL) and the percentage of bunches damaged (BDI = bird damage incidence) were determined during 55 total-damage assessments, and the resulting...
Reactor-released radionuclides in Susquehanna River sediments
C.R. Olsen, I.L. Larsen, N.H. Cutshall, J.F. Donoghue, O.P. Bricker, H.J. Simpson
1981, Nature (294) 242-245
Three Mile Island (TMI) and Peach Bottom (PB) reactors have introduced 137Cs, 134Cs, 60Co, 58Co and several other anthropogenic radionuclides into the lower Susquehanna River. Here we present the release history for these nuclides (Table 1) and radionuclide concentration data (Table 2) for sediment samples collected in the river and...
Pb210 geochronology and trace metal concentrations of sediments from Upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana, Oregon.
E.A. Martin, C. A. Rice
1981, Northwest Science (55) 269-280
Rates of sedimentation calculated from analyses of 210Pb activities in cores from two shallow lakes whose mean depths are 2.4m, Upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana (Klamath County, Oregon), indicate that they are filling at approximately 3.0mm/yr. Average sedimentation rates for compaction-corrected cores range from 0.9mm/yr to 8.5mm/yr or from...
Simulative models for the analysis of ground-water flow in Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area, Maricopa and Pina Counties, Arizona
D. T. Matlock
1981, Open-File Report 82-77
Simulative ground-water flow models for Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area were developed for use in evaluating alternatives for developing a ground-water supply for the Ak-Chin Indian Community. The hydraulic properties of the basin-fill deposits used in the models were estimated primarily from aquifer tests made...
Variations in the correlation of body size with concentrations of Cu and Ag in the bivalve Macoma balthica
Carol R. Strong, Samuel N. Luoma
1981, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (38) 1059-1064
The relationship between body size and concentrations of Cu and Ag varied from strongly positive to strongly negative in four populations of the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay. The correlations appeared to be influenced by the degree of enrichment in tissues, size-dependent differences and seasonal variations in growth rate, and...
Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana
G.N. Ryals
1981, Open-File Report 80-1179
The potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer in central northwestern Louisiana is shown by contours using data collected from 1960 to 1980. The aquifer is not affected by regional water-level declines as no large pumping centers have been developed. Seasonal water-level fluctuations in wells are generally less than 10 feet...
A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations
R.G. Vugrinovich
1981, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (13) 443-454
A distribution-free estimator of the slope of a regression line is introduced. This estimator is designated Sm and is given by the median of the set of n(n - 1)/2 slope estimators, which may be calculated by inserting pairs of points (Xi, Yi)and (Xj, Yj)into the slope formula Si =...
Geodetic strain measurements in Washington
J.C. Savage, M. Lisowski, W.H. Prescott
1981, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (86) 4929-4940
Two new geodetic measurements of strain accumulation in the state of Washington for the interval 1972–1979 are reported. Near Seattle the average principal strain rates are 0.07 ± 0.03 μstrain/yr N 19°W and −0.13 ± 0.02 μstrain/yr N71°E, and near Richland (south central Washington) the average principal strain rates are...
The partitioning of copper among selected phases of geologic media of two porphyry copper districts, Puerto Rico
R. E. Learned, T. T. Chao, R. F. Sanzolone
1981, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (15) 563-581
In experiments designed to determine the manner in which copper is partitioned among selected phases that constitute geologic media, we have applied the five-step sequential extraction procedure of Chao and Theobald to the analysis of drill core, soils, and stream sediments of the Rio Vivi and Rio Tanama porphyry copper...
Jasperoid float and stream cobbles as tools in geochemical exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits
T.G. Lovering
1981, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (14) 69-81
Fragments of silicified rocks that are associated with deposits of base and precious metals may be transported as cobbles and pebbles in alluvium far downstream from the source outcrop. These rocks commonly exhibit certain characteristics which distinguish them from other detrital siliceous material, and may thus serve as a useful...
Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England
Michael H. Bothner, E.C. Spiker, P. P. Johnson, R.R. Rendigs, P. J. Aruscavage
1981, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (51) 281-292
An area of fine-grained sediment approximately 170 km x 74 km in size, located in water depths between 60 m and 150 m, south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., is a site of modern sediment deposition. The 14C ages systematically increase with sediment depth from about 1,300 years B.P. at the...
Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska
M. A. Hampton, K.A. Kvenvolden
1981, Geo-Marine Letters (1) 141-147
Methane concentrations in some sediment cores from the Kodiak Shelf and adjacent continental slope increase with depth by three or four orders of magnitude and exceed the solubility in water at ambient conditions. Acoustic anomalies in seismic-reflection records imply that methane-rich sediment is widespread. Molecular composition of hydrocarbon gases and...
Fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes by methane-oxidizing bacteria
D.D. Coleman, J.B. Risatti, M. Schoell
1981, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (45) 1033-1037
Carbon isotopic analysis of methane has become a popular technique in the exploration for oil and gas because it can be used to differentiate between thermogenic and microbial gas and can sometimes be used for gas-source rock correlations. Methane-oxidizing bacteria, however,...
Depositional sequences in clastic continental slope deposits, Gulf of Mexico
A.H. Bouma
1981, Geo-Marine Letters (1) 115-121
Tertiary and Quaternary sediments, overlying diapiric older Tertiary shales and Louann Salt on the continental slope in the western Gulf of Mexico, show cyclicity based on seismic-reflection patterns. A set of indistinct parallel reflections or an acoustically semi-transparent zone, normally onlapping onto diapir flanks, alternates with a set of distinct...
Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use
P.R. Whitney
1981, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (14) 95-117
Manganese oxide coatings on gravels from 255 sites on tributary streams in the Genesee River Watershed were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cu. The results were compared with data on bedrock geology, surficial geology and land use, using factor analysis and stepwise multiple regression. All...
A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium
A.F. Moench, A. Ogata
1981, Water Resources Research (17) 250-252
A special form of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform described by Stehfest (1970) is applied to the transformed solution of dispersion in a radial flow system in a porous medium. The inversion is extremely simple to use because the weighting coefficients depend only on the number of terms...
Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea
Michael E. Field, C. Hans Nelson, David A. Cacchione, David E. Drake
1981, Marine Geology (32) 233-258
Sand waves and current ripples occupy the crests and flanks of a series of large linear sand ridges (20 km × 5 km × 10 m high) lying in an open-marine setting in the northern Bering Sea. The sand wave area, which lies west of Seward Peninsula and southeast of...
Fluxes of metals to a manganese nodule: Radiochemical, chemical, structural, and mineralogical studies
W.S. Moore, T.-L. Ku, J.D. Macdougall, V.M. Burns, R. Burns, J. Dymond, M.W. Lyle, D.Z. Piper
1981, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (52) 151-171
Fluxes of metals to the top and bottom surfaces of a manganese nodule were determined by combining radiochemical (230Th,231Pa,232Th,238U,234U) and detailed chemical data. The top of the nodule had been growing in its collected orientation at 4.7 mm Myr−1 for at least...
Geographic distribution and dispersal of normapolles genera in North America
R.H. Tschudy
1981, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (35) 283-314
Normapolles pollen have been found in North America in Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary rocks from the eastern Atlantic Seaboard, the Mississippi embayment region and from the states and provinces from western North America as far north as the District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Previous postulates relating to the Normapolles floral...
Discrimination of a chestnut-oak forest unit for geologic mapping by means of a principal component enhancement of Landsat multispectral scanner data
M. D. Krohn, N.M. Milton, D. Segal, A. Enland
1981, Geophysical Research Letters (8) 151-154
A principal component image enhancement has been effective in applying Landsat data to geologic mapping in a heavily forested area of eastern Virginia. A chestnut-oak forest unit, which occurs on metavolcanic rocks and some metaclastic rocks in the western Piedmont and on highly weathered upland...
