Early concentrations of Brown Pelicans along southern Oregon coast
Charles J. Henny, J.A. Collins
1980, Murrelet (61) 99-100
The California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus), which nests in southern California and Mexico, wanders north along the coast after the breeding season, sometimes as far as southern British Columbia (A.O.U. 1957). Anderson and Anderson (1976) and Ainley (1972) report that Mexico-originating pelicans disperse north in late summer and fall,...
Recovery of datable charcoal beneath young lavas: Lessons from Hawaii
J. P. Lockwood, P. W. Lipman
1980, Bulletin Volcanologique (43) 609-615
Field studies in Hawaii aimed at providing a radiocarbon-based chronology of prehistoric eruptive activity have led to a good understanding of the processes that govern the formation and preservation of charcoal beneath basaltic lava flows. Charcoal formation is a rate-dependent process controlled primarily by temperature and duration of heating, as...
Biogenic and thermogenic origins of natural gas in Cook Inlet basin, Alaska.
George E. Claypool, C. N. Threlkeld, L. B. Magoon
1980, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (64) 1131-1139
Two types of natural gas occurrences are present in the Cook Inlet basin. The major reserves (1.8 × 1011m3) occur in shallow (less than 2,300 m), nonassociated dry gas fields that contain methane with ^dgr13C in the range of -63 to -56 per mil. These gas fields are in sandstones...
Inland (non-tidal) wetland mapping.
W.R. Steward, V. Carter, P. D. Brooks
1980, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (46) 617-628
The US Geological Survey has prepared three experimental wetland maps for the Auburndale, Florida 1:24,000-scale quadrangle. Wetland classes and boundaries were interpreted from quad centered high altitude color infrared and superwide black and white panchromatic photographs onto a black and white orthophoto base map made from a color infrared photograph....
Arctic sea-ice variations from time-lapse passive microwave imagery
W. J. Campbell, R.O. Ramseier, H.J. Zwally, P. Gloersen
1980, Boundary-Layer Meteorology (18) 99-106
This paper presents: (1) a short historical review of the passive microwave research on sea ice which established the observational and theoretical base permitting the interpretation of the first passive microwave images of Earth obtained by the Nimbus-5 ESMR; (2) the construction of a time-lapse motion picture film of a...
Elastic moduli of rock glasses under pressure to 8 kilobars and geophysical implications
R. Meister, E.C. Robertson, R.W. Werke, R. Raspet
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6461-6470
Shear and longitudinal velocities were measured by the ultrasonic phase comparison method as a function of pressure to 8 kbar on synthetic glasses of basalt, andesite, rhyolite, and quartz composition and on natural obsidian. Velocities of most of the glasses decrease anomalously with pressure, but increasingly more-normal behavior occurs with...
(π−1) → (π−1), (π−1) emission spectra of chlorofluorobenzene cations in the gaseous phase and their lifetimes in the (0o) states
John Paul Maier, O. Marthaler, Manijeh Mohraz, R.H. Shiley
1980, Chemical Physics (47) 295-305
The radiative decay of seventeen electronically excited chlorofluorobenzene cations in the gaseous phase has been detected. The reported emission spectra, which have been obtained using low energy electron beam excitation, are assigned to the B(??-1 ??? X(??-1 electronic transitions of these cations on the basis of their Ne(I) photoelectron spectra....
Water resources of the People's Republic of China
N.C. Matalas, C.F. Nordin Jr.
1980, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (61) 891-901
At the invitation of the Society of Hydraulic Engineers of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a delegation of U.S. hydrologists and hydraulic engineers visited the PRC in the fall of 1978.* From discussions with officials of both the Society and the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Power (MWCP), and...
Debris-flow deposits of Early Miocene age, Deadman Stream, Marlborough, New Zealand.
D.W. Lewis, M.G. Laird, R.D. Powell
1980, Sedimentary Geology (27) 83-118
Detailed analysis is presented of a conformable succession of conglomerates and sandstones lying between massive marine mudstones. The coarse sediments reflect deposition by a spectrum of subaqueous debris-flow mechanisms during an early pulse of tectonism that ultimately resulted in Plio-Pleistocene eversion of the Kaikoura Mountains. Sparse pebbly mudstones and rare...
Experimental study of free-surface flow instability and bedforms in shallow flows.
I. Karcz, D. Kersey
1980, Sedimentary Geology (27) 263-300
To test erosion and development of bed sculpture in unstable, pulsating shallow flow, 3 series of experiments were performed in a 10-m flume with flows of Reynolds Number up to 103, Froude Number up to 3.0, and slope up to 2%. In the first, the bed was rigid, in the...
Late Wisconsin and Holocene tectonic stability of the United States mid-Atlantic coastal region
B. W. Blackwelder
1980, Geology (8) 534-537
Deposits that formed in the intertidal zone during sea-level rise 12,000 to 9,000 yr ago have undergone very little differential vertical deformation in the area between New York City and South Carolina. The lack of north-south vertical deformation contrasts with tide-gauge and with...
Quantile estimation with more or less floodlike distributions
J. Maciunas Landwehr, N.C. Matalas, J.R. Wallis
1980, Water Resources Research (16) 547-555
The desirable properties of an estimator relative to a hypothetical population may be irrelevant in practice unless the population at issue more or less resembles the hypothetical population. Evidence that floods are distributed with long, stretched upper tails suggests that use of the more common distributions results in a rather...
Ocean eddy structure by satellite radar altimetry required for iceberg towing
W. J. Campbell, R. E. Cheney, J. G. Marsh, N. M. Mognard
1980, Cold Regions Science and Technology (1) 211-221
Models for the towing of large tabular icebergs give towing speeds of 0.5 knots to 1.0 knots relative to the ambient near surface current. Recent oceanographic research indicates that the world oceans are not principally composed of large steady-state current systems, like the Gulf Stream, but that most of the...
Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments
Michael H. Bothner, R.A. Jahnke, M. L. Peterson, R. Carpenter
1980, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (44) 273-285
The concentration of mercury in contaminated estuarine sediments of Bellingham Bay, Washington was found to decrease with a half-time of about 1.3 yr after the primary anthropogenic source of mercury was removed. In situ measurements of the mercury flux from sediments, in both dissolved and volatile forms, could not account...
A three-dimensional model to predict future oil discoveries in spatially connected multiple plays
J.H. Schuenemeyer, L.J. Drew, W.J. Bawiec
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 459-472
A discovery-process model that had been devised previously to estimate the size distribution of oil and gas fields remaining to be discovered in a single producing horizon was adapted to a basin containing spatially connected multiple plays and producing horizons. This model used the concept of the area of influence...
Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations
V. Pereyra, H.B. Keller, W.H.K. Lee
1980, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (21) 120-125
General ways of solving various inverse problems are studied for given travel time observations between sources and receivers. These problems are separated into three components: (a) the representation of the unknown quantities appearing in the model; (b) the nonlinear least-squares problem; (c) the direct, two-point ray-tracing problem used to compute...
Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft
W.I. Rose Jr., R.D. Cadle, L.E. Heidt, I. Friedman, A.L. Lazrus, B.J. Huebert
1980, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (7) 1-10
Gas samples were collected by aircraft entering volcanic eruption clouds of three Guatemalan volcanoes. Gas chromatographic analyses show higher H2 and S gas contents in ash eruption clouds and lower H2 and S gases in vaporous gas plumes. H isotopic data demonstrate lighter isotopic distribution of water vapor in ash...
Secular, annual, and semiannual changes in the baseline level of the earth's magnetic field at North American locations
W.H. Campbell
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6557-6571
Secular, annual, and semiannual changes were obtained from the midnight values of field on specially determined days of quiet magnetospheric conditions. From a selection of North American observatories the latitude variation of these changes was evaluated from 20° to 65°. Results for the active and quiet sun years (1958 and...
Treasures from the deep ( Metallic nodules).
D.Z. Piper
1980, Water Spectrum (13) 8-15
The composition, distribution, metric growth rates and variations in sea-floor metallic nodules are outlined and discussed The considerable age, slow accretion and relationship to underlying sediments are problems of origin which are yet to be solved and some speculative answers are discussed. Mining of the nodules is reviewed and its...
Fission-track age of the Mangaroa ash and tectonic implications at Wellington, New Zealand.
C. W. Naeser, S. Nishimura, Te Punga
1980, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics (23) 615-621
Three samples of zircon from the Mangaroa Ash, an important marker bed in the late Pleistocene deposits of the Wellington area, have been dated by fission-track analysis. The average age of the 3 zircon samples is 380 000 years. Since this tephra fell, vertical uplift at Tinakori Hill on the...
Resource estimation from historical data: Mercury, a test case
S.M. Cargill, D. H. Root, E. H. Bailey
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 489-522
A simple technique based on historical records of tonnage and grade of ore produced provides a means for calculating how much of a mineral product will be available in the future at various average grades. Estimates made on this basis are independent of geologic considerations or changing economic and political...
Crustal parameters estimated from P-waves of earthquakes recorded at a small array
J.N. Murdock, J.A. Steppe
1980, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (118) 1179-1190
The P-arrival times of local and regional earthquakes that are outside of a small network of seismometers can be used to interpret crustal parameters beneath the network by employing the time-term technique. Even when the estimate of the refractor velocity is poorly determined, useful estimates of the station time-terms can...
Small impact craters in the lunar regolith - Their morphologies, relative ages, and rates of formation
H. J. Moore, J. M. Boyce, D.A. Hahn
1980, The Moon and the Planets (23) 231-252
Apparently, there are two types of size-frequency distributions of small lunar craters (???1-100 m across): (1) crater production distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is an inverse function of diameter to power near 2.8, and (2) steady-state distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is inversely proportional...
Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology
W. Thatcher, T. Matsuda, T. Kato, J. B. Rundle
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6429-6435
Under favorable circumstances the time-dependent aseismic deformation resulting from the loading of the lithosphere by the stress drop of large dip slip earthquakes can be used to determine both the effective elastic plate thickness and the asthenospheric viscosity. The deformation has several similarities with the deflection of the lithosphere by...
Direct computation of the sensible heat flux
K. Watson
1980, Geophysical Research Letters (7) 616-618
An algorithm to determine the sensible heat flux from simple field measurements (wind speed, air and ground temperatures) has been developed. It provides a direct solution, in parametric form, which can be displayed graphically or tabularly. This method has an advantage over the previous iterative solution...
