Detection of buried targets using a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system
T.J. Cui, W.C. Chew, A.A. Aydiner, D.L. Wright, D.V. Smith
2001, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (39) 2702-2712
In this paper, numerical simulations of a new enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system are presented, where a horizontal transmitting loop and two horizontal receiving loops are used to detect buried targets, in which three loops share the same axis and the transmitter is located at the center...
Winter severity and wolf predation on a formerly wolf-free elk herd
L. David Mech, Douglas W. Smith, Kerry M. Murphy, Daniel R. MacNulty
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 998-1003
We studied wolf (Canis lupus) predation on elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park from 17 March to 15 April 1997 (severe winter conditions) and from 2 to 31 March 1998 (mild winter conditions) 2-3 years after wolves were reintroduced to the park. Elk composed 91 % of 117 kills....
Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results
P. R. Christensen, J. L. Bandfield, V.E. Hamilton, S. W. Ruff, H. H. Kieffer, T.N. Titus, M. C. Malin, R.V. Morris, M. D. Lane, R.L. Clark, B. M. Jakosky, M. T. Mellon, J.C. Pearl, B.J. Conrath, M. D. Smith, R.T. Clancy, R.O. Kuzmin, T. Roush, G.L. Mehall, N. Gorelick, K. Bender, K. Murray, S. Dason, E. Greene, S. Silverman, M. Greenfield
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 23823-23871
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5)...
Passage behavior of radio-tagged yearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2001
S.D. Evans, C. D. Smith, N.S. Adams, D.W. Rondorf
2001, Report
Abstract not available...
Environmental geochemistry at the global scale
J. Plant, D. Smith, B. Smith, L. Williams
2001, Conference Paper, Applied Geochemistry
Land degradation and pollution caused by population pressure and economic development pose a threat to the sustainability of the earth's surface, especially in tropical regions where a long history of chemical weathering has made the surface environment particularly fragile. Systematic baseline geochemical data provide a means of monitoring the state...
Survey protocol for assessment of endangered freshwater mussels the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania
D. R. Smith, R.F. Villella, D. P. Lemarie
2001, Journal of North American Benthological Society (20) 118-132
The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires a biological assessment of any activity that is authorized, funded, or carried out by a federal agency and likely to affect a federally listed endangered species or its critical habitat. We developed a standardized survey protocol for biological assessments of the effects...
Leaf conductance decreased under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) for three perennials in the Nevada desert
Robert S. Nowak, Lesley A. Defalco, Carolyn S. Wilcox, Dean N. Jordan, James S. Coleman, Jeffrey R. Seemann, Stanley D. Smith
2001, New Phytologist (150) 449-458
A common response of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (CO2) is decreased leaf conductance. Consequently, leaf temperature is predicted to increase under elevated CO2.Diurnal patterns of leaf conductance and temperature were measured for three desert perennials, the C3 shrub Larrea tridentata, C3 tussock grass Achnatherum hymenoides and C4tussock grass...
Analysis of vegetation controls on bank erosion rates, Clark Fork of the Columbia River, Deer Lodge Valley, Montana
Eleanor R. Griffin, James Dungan Smith
2001, Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4115
Airborne geophysical surveys in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana
Bruce D. Smith, Victor Franklin Labson, Patricia L. Hill
2000, Open-File Report 2000-240
INTRODUCTIONThree airborne geophysical surveys have been made in the Boulder watershed and adjacent areas (fig. 1). The objectives of the geophysical studies in the watershed is to map subsurface lithologic, structural and hydrologic features important in controlling possible ground water contamination from mining activities and to design remediation efforts. These studies are part of an abandoned...
Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States
Konstantine P. Georgakakos, Diane E. Smith
2000, Open-File Report 2000-335
A monthly snow-pack and soil- moisture accounting model is formulated for application to each of the climate divisions of the conterminous United States for use in climate impacts-assessment studies. Statistical downscaling and bias-adjustment components complement the model for the assimilation of large-scale global climate model data. Simulations of the formulated...
Ground geophysical study of the Buckeye mine tailings, Boulder watershed, Montana
Robert R. McDougal, Bruce D. Smith
2000, Open-File Report 2000-371
The Buckeye mine site is located in the Boulder River watershed along Basin Creek, in northern Jefferson County, Montana. This project is part of the Boulder River watershed Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative, and is a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Land Management in the U.S....
Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana
Bruce D. Smith, Tracy Sole
2000, Open-File Report 2000-110
During July, 1997, twenty four Schlumberger dc resistivity soundings were made in the Boulder watershed and adjacent areas (fig. 1). The objective of geophysical studies in the watershed is to map subsurface lithologic, structural and hydrologic features important in controlling possible ground water contamination from mining activities and for design...
Geochemical characterization of surface water and streambed sediment of the Blackfoot River, Montana, during low flow conditions, August 16-20, 1998
Sonia A. Nagorski, Temple E. McKinnon, J.N. Moore, D. B. Smith
2000, Open-File Report 2000-3
National Geochemical Database, U.S. Geological Survey RASS (Rock Analysis Storage System) geochemical data for Alaska
E. A. Bailey, D. B. Smith, C. C. Abston, Matthew Granitto, K. A. Burleigh
2000, Open-File Report 99-433
This dataset contains geochemical data for Alaska produced by the analytical laboratories of the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These data represent analyses of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate (derived from stream sediment), soil, and organic material samples. Most of the data comes from mineral resource investigations conducted in the...
TES observations of the martian surface and atmosphere
P. R. Christensen, H. H. Kieffer, J.C. Pearl, B. Conrath, M. C. Malin, R.C. Clark, R.V. Morris, J.L. Banfield, M. D. Lane, M. D. Smith, V.E. Hamilton, R.O. Kuzmin
2000, Book, Second International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
The TES instrument is a Fourier transform Michelson interferometer operating with 10 or 5 cm-1 sampling int he thermal infared spectral region from 1700 to 200 cm-1 (~6 to 50 μm) where virtually all minerals have characteristic fundamental vibrational absorption bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The...
Relationship of Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to the ecology of small streams in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
David P. Lemarie, John A. Young, Craig D. Snyder, Robert M. Ross, David Smith, Randy M. Bennett
2000, General Technical Report NE-267
Hemlock ravines in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) are highly valued because of their distinctive aesthetic, recreational and ecological qualities. We conducted a comparative study designed to determine the potential long-term consequences to aquatic communities of the suspected transition from hemlock-dominated forests to mixed hardwood forests as a result of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges...
Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park
Douglas W. Smith, L. David Mech, Mary Meagher, Wendy E. Clark, Rosemary Jaffe, Michael K. Phillips, John A. Mack
2000, Journal of Mammalogy (81) 1128-1135
We studied interactions of reintroduced wolves (Canis lupus) with bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park. Only 2 of 41 wolves in this study had been exposed to bison before their translocation. Wolves were more successful killing elk (Cervus elaphus) than bison, and elk were more abundant than bison, so...
Environmental geochemistry at the global scale
J. Plant, D. Smith, B. Smith, L. Williams
2000, Journal of the Geological Society (157) 837-849
Land degradation and pollution caused by population pressure and economic development pose a threat to the sustainability of the Earth's surface, especially in tropical regions where a long history of chemical weathering has made the surface environment particularly fragile. Systematic baseline geochemical data provide a means of monitoring the state...
Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae)
D. P. Lemarie, D. R. Smith, R.F. Villella, D.A. Weller
2000, Journal of Shellfish Research (19) 247-250
Hemlock stands contribute significantly to aquatic biodiversity Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
C.D. Snyder, J.A. Young, D. Lemarie, D. R. Smith, R. Ross, R. Bennett
2000, ESP Newsletter; The News Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Pennsylvania (35) i-ii
The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration
S.M. Clifford, D. Crisp, D.A. Fisher, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, S.E. Smrekar, P.C. Thomas, D. D. Wynn-Williams, R.W. Zurek, J.R. Barnes, B.G. Bills, E.W. Blake, W. M. Calvin, J.M. Cameron, M. H. Carr, P. R. Christensen, B. C. Clark, G.D. Clow, J.A. Cutts, D. Dahl-Jensen, W.B. Durham, F. P. Fanale, J.D. Farmer, F. Forget, K. Gotto-Azuma, R. Grard, R.M. Haberle, W. Harrison, R. Harvey, A.D. Howard, A.P. Ingersoll, P.B. James, J.S. Kargel, H. H. Kieffer, J. Larsen, K. Lepper, M. C. Malin, D. J. McCleese, B. Murray, J.F. Nye, D. A. Paige, S.R. Platt, J.J. Plaut, N. Reeh, J.W. Rice, D.E. Smith, C. R. Stoker, K. L. Tanaka, E. Mosley-Thompson, T. Thorsteinsson, S.E. Wood, A. Zent, M.T. Zuber, H.J. Zwally
2000, Icarus (144) 210-242
As the planet's principal cold traps, the martian polar regions have accumulated extensive mantles of ice and dust that cover individual areas of ∼106 km2 and total as much as 3–4 km thick. From the scarcity of superposed craters on their surface, these layered deposits are thought to be comparatively young—preserving a...
Plant Checklist for Point Reyes National Seashore (Revised)
Gary M. Fellers, Virginia Norris, Wilma Follette, Doreen Smith
2000, Book
No abstract available at this time...
Bias survival estimates from tag-recovery models where catch-and-release is common, with an example from Atlantic striped bass (Morone saxatilis)
D. R. Smith, K.P. Burnham, D.M. Kahn, X. He, C.J. Goshorn, K.A. Hattala, A.W. Kahnle
2000, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (57) 886-897
Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water
P. R. Christensen, J. L. Bandfield, R. N. Clark, K.S. Edgett, V.E. Hamilton, T. Hoefen, H. H. Kieffer, R.O. Kuzmin, M. D. Lane, M. C. Malin, R.V. Morris, J.C. Pearl, R. Pearson, T. L. Roush, S. W. Ruff, M. D. Smith
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (105) 9623-9642
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission has discovered a remarkable accumulation of crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) that covers an area with very sharp boundaries approximately 350 by 350–750 km in size centered near 2°S latitude between 0° and 5°W longitude (Sinus Meridiani). Crystalline hematite...
Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data
P. R. Christensen, J. L. Bandfield, M. D. Smith, V.E. Hamilton, Roger N. Clark
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (105) 9609-9621
The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument collected 4.8×106 spectra of Mars during the initial aerobraking and science‐phasing periods of the mission (September 14, 1997, through April 29, 1998). Two previously developed atmosphere‐removal models were applied to data from Cimmeria Terra (25°S, 213°W). The surface spectra derived for these...
