Cogenetic late Pleistocene rhyolite and cumulate diorites from Augustine Volcano revealed by SIMS 238U-230Th dating of zircon, and implications for silicic magma generation by extraction from mush
Michelle L. Coombs, Jorge A. Vazquez
2014, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (15) 4846-4865
Augustine Volcano, a frequently active andesitic island stratocone, erupted a late Pleistocene rhyolite pumice fall that is temporally linked through zircon geochronology to cumulate dioritic blocks brought to the surface in Augustine's 2006 eruption. Zircon from the rhyolite yield a 238U-230Th age of ∼25 ka for their unpolished rims, and their...
Approximations of stand water use versus evapotranspiration from three mangrove forests in southwest Florida, USA
Ken W. Krauss, Jordan G. Barr, Victor C. Engel, Jose D. Fuentes, Hongqing Wang
2014, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (213) 291-303
Leaves from mangrove forests are often considered efficient in the use of water during photosynthesis, but less is known about whole-tree and stand-level water use strategies. Are mangrove forests as conservative in water use as experimental studies on seedlings imply? Here, we apply a simple model to estimate stand water...
Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage-grouse
Erik J. Blomberg, James S. Sedinger, Daniel Gibson, Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza
2014, Ecology and Evolution (4) 4488-4499
Prebreeding survival is an important life history component that affects both parental fitness and population persistence. In birds, prebreeding can be separated into pre- and postfledging periods; carryover effects from the prefledging period may influence postfledging survival. We investigated effects of body condition at fledging, and climatic variation, on postfledging...
Arthropods of Rose Atoll with special reference to ants and Pulvinaria Urbicola Scales (Hempitera Coccidae) on Pisonia Grandis trees
Paul C. Banko, Robert W. Peck, Frank Pendleton, Mark Schmaedick, Kelsie Ernsberger
2014, Technical Report HCSU-057
Rose Atoll, at the eastern end of the Samoan Archipelago, is a small but important refuge for seabirds, shorebirds, and sea turtles. While the vertebrate community is relatively well-studied, the terrestrial arthropod fauna, and its role in ecosystem function, are poorly known. Arthropods may be influencing the decline of Pisonia...
Coastal fog, climate change, and the environment
Alicia A. Torregrosa, Travis A. O’Brien, Ian C. Faloona
2014, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (95) 473-474
Coastal marine fog, a characteristic feature of climates generated at the eastern boundaries of ocean basins worldwide, evokes different feelings in those who experience it (see Figure 1). Authors and poets use fog to represent mystery, bleakness, and confusion. Film directors seek out fog to shroud scenes in eerie gloominess. Tourists...
Temporal and spatial changes in golden eagle reproduction in relation to increased off highway vehicle activity
Karen Steenhof, Jessi L. Brown, Michael N. Kochert
2014, Wildlife Society Bulletin (38) 682-688
We used >40 years of data on golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting in southwestern Idaho, USA, to assess whether the proportion of territories and pairs producing young has changed over time, and whether territories in areas where off highway vehicle (OHV) use has increased significantly were less likely to be...
Coastal tectonics on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim: Late Quaternary sea-level history and uplift rates, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA
Daniel R. Muhs, Kathleen R. Simmons, R. Randall Schumann, Lindsey T. Groves, Stephen B. DeVogel, Scott A. Minor, Deanna Laurel
2014, Quaternary Science Reviews (105) 209-238
The Pacific Rim is a region where tectonic processes play a significant role in coastal landscape evolution. Coastal California, on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rm, is very active tectonically and geomorphic expressions of this include uplifted marine terraces. There have been, however, conflicting estimates of the rate of...
Population dynamics modeling of introduced smallmouth bass in the upper Colorado River basin
André R. Breton, Dana L. Winkelman, Kevin R. Bestgen, John A. Hawkins
2014, Report
The purpose of these analyses was to identify an effective control strategy to further reduce smallmouth bass in the upper Colorado River basin from the current level. Our simulation results showed that “the surge”, an early to mid-summer increase in electrofishing effort targeting nest-guarding male smallmouth bass, should be...
Soil CO2 emissions as a proxy for heat and mass flow assessment, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
S. Bloomberg, Cynthia A. Werner, C.F. Rissmann, A. Mazot, Travis B. Horton, D Gravley, B. Kennedy, C Oze
2014, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (15) 4885-4904
The quantification of heat and mass flow between deep reservoirs and the surface is important for understanding magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Here, we use high-resolution measurement of carbon dioxide flux (φCO2) and heat flow at the surface to characterize the mass (CO2 and steam) and heat released to the atmosphere from...
Impacts of drought and crayfish invasion on stream ecosystem structure and function
Daniel D. Magoulick
2014, River Research and Applications (30) 1309-1317
Drought and seasonal drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams, leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. Many small streams contain crayfish populations that are often keystone or dominant species in these systems. I conducted an experiment in stream mesocosms to examine the effects of drought and potential...
Contaminants of emerging concern in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States
Jason R. Masoner, Dana W. Kolpin, Edward T. Furlong, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, James L. Gray, Eric A. Schwab
2014, Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts (16) 2335-2354
To better understand the composition of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in landfill leachate, fresh leachate from 19 landfills was sampled across the United States during 2011. The sampled network included 12 municipal and 7 private landfills with varying landfill waste compositions, geographic and climatic settings, ages of waste, waste...
Ecohydrology of dry regions: storage versus pulse soil water dynamics
William K. Lauenroth, Daniel R. Schlaepfer, John B. Bradford
2014, Ecosystems (17) 1469-1479
Although arid and semiarid regions are defined by low precipitation, the seasonal timing of temperature and precipitation can influence net primary production and plant functional type composition. The importance of precipitation seasonality is evident in semiarid areas of the western U.S., which comprise the Intermountain (IM) zone, a region that...
What do we gain from simplicity versus complexity in species distribution models?
Cory Merow, Matthew J. Smith, Thomas C. Edwards Jr., Antoine Guisan, Sean M. McMahon, Signe Normand, Wilfried Thuiller, Rafael O. Wuest, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Jane Elith
2014, Ecography (37) 1267-1281
Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to explain and predict species ranges and environmental niches. They are most commonly constructed by inferring species' occurrence–environment relationships using statistical and machine-learning methods. The variety of methods that can be used to construct SDMs (e.g. generalized linear/additive models, tree-based models, maximum entropy,...
U.S. Geological Survey unconventional petroleum systems research in south Mississippi: Observations on burial history and thermal maturity in the Cretaceous
Paul C. Hackley, Brett J. Valentine, Catherine B. Enomoto, James L. Coleman
2014, Mississippi Geological Society Bulletin (63) 9-15
Shale hydrocarbon ‘resource’ plays have revolutionized the United States energy mix over the last 5 years. These plays are diverse in lithology and age but share the common feature of occurring in ‘tight’ formations which require hydraulic (hydro-) fracturing for economic flow rates. In general, economic success requires an organic-rich reservoir with a...
Spectroscopic remote sensing of plant stress at leaf and canopy levels using the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature with continuum removal
Ieda Del’Arco Sanches, Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Raymond F. Kokaly
2014, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (97) 111-122
This paper explores the use of spectral feature analysis to detect plant stress in visible/near infrared wavelengths. A time series of close range leaf and canopy reflectance data of two plant species grown in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was acquired with a portable spectrometer. The ProSpecTIR-VS airborne imaging spectrometer was used to...
Characterizing phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural fieldsof eastern Wisconsin
Allison Madison, Matthew Ruark, Todd D. Stuntebeck, Matthew J. Komiskey, Laura W. Good, Nancy Drummy, Eric Cooley
2014, Journal of Hydrology (519 A) 892-901
Artificial subsurface drainage provides an avenue for the rapid transfer of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to surface waters. This is of particular interest in eastern Wisconsin, where there is a concentrated population of dairy farms and high clay content soils prone to macropore development. Through collaboration with private landowners,...
Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 3 of 3: identifying and quantifying sources of organic matter to an urban stream
Jami H. Goldman, Stewart A. Rounds, Mackenzie K. Keith, Steven Sobieszczyk
2014, Journal of Hydrology (519) 3028-3041
The sources, transport, and characteristics of organic matter (OM) in Fanno Creek, an urban stream in northwest Oregon, were assessed and quantified using: (1) optical instruments to calculate transported loads of dissolved, particulate, and total organic carbon, (2) fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) to elucidate sources and...
Neoproterozoic–Cambrian stratigraphic framework of the Anti-Atlas and Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas), Morocco
Jose Javier Alvaro, Fouad Benziane, Robert Thomas, Gregory J. Walsh, Abdelaziz Yazidi
2014, Journal of African Earth Sciences (98) 19-33
In the last two decades, great progress has been made in the geochronological, chrono- and chemostratigraphic control of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian from the Anti-Atlas Ranges and the Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas). As a result, the Neoproterozoic is lithostratigraphically subdivided into: (i) the Lkest-Taghdout Group (broadly interpreted at c. 800–690 Ma)...
Shale: an overlooked option for US nuclear waste disposal
Christopher E. Neuzil
2014, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Toss a dart at a map of the United States and, more often than not, it will land where shale can be found underground. A drab, relatively featureless sedimentary rock that historically attracted little interest, shale (as used here, the term includes clay and a range of clay-rich rocks) is...
Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 2 of 3: sources, sinks, and transport of organic matter with fine sediment
Mackenzie K. Keith, Steven Sobieszczyk, Jami H. Goldman, Stewart A. Rounds
2014, Journal of Hydrology (519) 3010-3027
Organic matter (OM) is abundant in Fanno Creek, Oregon, USA, and has been tied to a variety of water-quality concerns, including periods of low dissolved oxygen downstream in the Tualatin River, Oregon. The key sources of OM in Fanno Creek and other Tualatin River tributaries have not been fully identified,...
The effects of spilled oil on coastal ecosystems: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez spill
James L. Bodkin, Daniel Esler, Stanley D. Rice, Craig O. Matkin, Brenda E. Ballachey, Brooke Maslo, Julie L. Lockwood
2014, Book chapter, Coastal conservation
Oil spilled from ships or other sources into the marine environment often occurs in close proximity to coastlines, and oil frequently accumulates in coastal habitats. As a consequence, a rich, albeit occasionally controversial, body of literature describes a broad range of effects of spilled oil across several habitats, communities,...
Subsurface geologic features of the 2011 central Virginia earthquakes revealed by airborne geophysics
Anjana K. Shah, J. Wright Horton Jr., William C. Burton, David Spears, Amy K Gilmer
2014, GSA Special Papers (509) 509-517
Characterizing geologic features associated with major earthquakes provides insights into mechanisms contributing to fault slip and assists evaluation of seismic hazard. We use high-resolution airborne geophysical data combined with ground sample measurements to image subsurface geologic features associated with the 2011 moment magnitude (Mw) 5.8 central Virginia (USA) intraplate earthquake...
Response of plant community structure and primary productivity to experimental drought and flooding in an Alaskan fen
A.C. Churchill, Merritt R. Turetsky, A. David McGuire, Teresa N. Hollingsworth
2014, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (45) 185-193
Northern peatlands represent a long-term net sink for atmospheric CO2, but these ecosystems can shift from net carbon (C) sinks to sources based on changing climate and environmental conditions. In particular, changes in water availability associated with climate control peatland vegetation and carbon uptake processes. We examined the influence of...
Seismic instrumentation plan for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
Weston A. Thelen
2014, Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5179
The seismic network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is the main source of authoritative data for reporting earthquakes in the State of Hawaii, including those that occur on the State’s six active volcanoes (Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, Mauna Kea, Haleakalā, Lō‘ihi). Of these volcanoes, Kīlauea...
The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Ohio
William J. Carswell Jr.
2014, Fact Sheet 2014-3111
Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Ohio, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply...
