Invasive crayfish as vectors of mercury in freshwater food webs of the Pacific Northwest
Branden L. Johnson, James J. Willacker, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Christopher A. Pearl, M. J. Adams
2014, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (33) 2639-2645
Invasive species are important drivers of environmental change in aquatic ecosystems and can alter habitat characteristics, community composition, and ecosystem energetics. Such changes have important implications for many ecosystem processes, including the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants through food webs. Mercury concentrations were measured in 2 nonnative and 1 native...
Quantifying fall migration of Ross's gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) past Point Barrow, Alaska
Mark Maftei, Shanti E. Davis, Brian D. Uher-Koch, Callie Gesmundo, R.S. Suydam, Mark L. Mallory
2014, Polar Biology (37) 1705-1710
The Ross’s gull (Rhodostethia rosea) is a poorly known seabird of the circumpolar Arctic. The only place in the world where Ross’s gulls are known to congregate is in the near-shore waters around Point Barrow, Alaska, where they undertake an annual passage in late fall. Ross’s gulls seen at Point...
U.S. response to a report of infectious salmon anemia virus in Western North America
Kevin H Amos, Lori Gustafson, Janet Warg, Janet Whaley, Maureen K. Purcell, Jill B. Rolland, James R. Winton, Kevin Snekvik, Theodore Meyers, Bruce Stewart, John Kerwin, Marilyn Blair, Joel Bader, Joy Evered
2014, Fisheries (39) 501-506
Federal, state, and tribal fishery managers, as well as the general public and their elected representatives in the United States, were concerned when infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) was suspected for the first time in free-ranging Pacific Salmon collected from the coastal areas of British Columbia, Canada. This article documents...
An objective and parsimonious approach for classifying natural flow regimes at a continental scale
Stacey A. Archfield, Jonathan G. Kennen, Daren M. Carlisle, David M. Wolock
2014, River Research and Applications (30) 1166-1183
Hydro-ecological stream classification-the process of grouping streams by similar hydrologic responses and, by extension, similar aquatic habitat-has been widely accepted and is considered by some to be one of the first steps towards developing ecological flow targets. A new classification of 1543 streamgauges in the contiguous USA is presented by...
Using mark-recapture distance sampling methods on line transect surveys
Louise M. Burt, David L. Borchers, Kurt J. Jenkins, Tigao A Marques
2014, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (5) 1180-1191
Mark–recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods are widely used for density and abundance estimation when the conventional DS assumption of certain detection at distance zero fails, as they allow detection at distance zero to be estimated and incorporated into the overall probability of detection to better estimate density and...
Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens
Luca De Siena, Christine Thomas, Greg P. Waite, Seth C. Moran, Stefan Klemme
2014, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (119) 8223-8238
We present a combined 3-D P wave attenuation, 2-D S coda attenuation, and 3-D S coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic...
Differential susceptibility in steelhead trout populations to an emergent MD strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
R. Breyta, Amelia Jones, Gael Kurath
2014, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (112) 17-28
A significant emergence of trout-adapted MD subgroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) began in the coastal region of Washington State, USA, in 2007. This emergence event lasted until 2011 and caused both asymptomatic adult fish infection and symptomatic epidemic disease and mortality in juvenile fish. Incidence of virus during this...
Lattice Boltzmann methods applied to large-scale three-dimensional virtual cores constructed from digital optical borehole images of the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida
Michael Sukop, Kevin J. Cunningham
2014, Water Resources Research 2015-1133
Digital optical borehole images at approximately 2 mm vertical resolution and borehole caliper data were used to create three-dimensional renderings of the distribution of (1) matrix porosity and (2) vuggy megaporosity for the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The renderings based on the borehole data were used as...
Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy, active-margin coasts
Patrick L. Barnard, Maarten van Ormondt, Li H. Erikson, Jodi Eshleman, Cheryl J. Hapke, Peter Ruggiero, Peter Adams, Amy C. Foxgrover
2014, Natural Hazards (74) 1095-1125
The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) applies a predominantly deterministic framework to make detailed predictions (meter scale) of storm-induced coastal flooding, erosion, and cliff failures over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers). CoSMoS was developed for hindcast studies, operational applications (i.e., nowcasts and multiday forecasts), and future climate scenarios (i.e.,...
Confocal microscopy as a useful approach to describe gill rakers of Asian species of carp and native filter-feeding fishes of the upper Mississippi River system
Liza R. Walleser, D.R. Howard, Mark B. Sandheinrich, Mark P. Gaikowski, Jon J. Amberg
2014, Journal of Fish Biology (85) 1777-1784
To better understand potential diet overlap among exotic Asian species of carp and native species of filter-feeding fishes of the upper Mississippi River system, microscopy was used to document morphological differences in the gill rakers. Analysing samples first with light microscopy and subsequently with confocal microscopy, the three-dimensional structure of...
An 8700 year paleoclimate reconstruction from the southern Maya lowlands
David B. Wahl, Roger Byrne, Lysanna Anderson
2014, Quaternary Science Reviews (103) 19-25
Analysis of a sediment core from Lago Puerto Arturo, a closed basin lake in northern Peten, Guatemala, has provided an ∼8700 cal year record of climate change and human activity in the southern Maya lowlands. Stable isotope, magnetic susceptibility, and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct environmental change in the region. Results...
Competition between introduced and native spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
J.D. Houser, Howard S. Ginsberg, Elizabeth M. Jakob
2014, Biological Invasions (16) 2479-2488
The European sheet-web spider Linyphia triangularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae) has become established in Maine, where it often reaches very high densities. Two lines of evidence from previous work suggest that L. triangularis affects populations of the native linyphiid spider Frontinella communis. First, F. communis individuals are relatively scarce in both forest...
La Niña diversity and Northwest Indian Ocean Rim teleconnections
Andrew Hoell, Christopher C. Funk, Mathew Barlow
2014, Climate Dynamics (43) 2707-2724
The differences in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) expressions of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events of the same phase have been linked with different global atmospheric circulation patterns. This study examines the dynamical forcing of precipitation during October–December (OND) and March–May (MAM) over East Africa and during December–March (DJFM)...
Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea
Myung W. Lee, Xiujuan Wang, Timothy S. Collett, Shengxiong Yang, Yiqun Guo, Shiguo Wu
2014, Marine Geology (357) 272-292
Multi-channel seismic reflection data, well logs, and recovered sediment cores have been used in this study to characterize the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. The concept of the "gas hydrate petroleum system" has allowed for the systematic analysis...
Guiding out-migrating juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) with pulsed direct current
Nicholas S. Johnson, Scott M. Miehls
2014, River Research and Applications (30) 1146-1156
Non‐physical stimuli can deter or guide fish without affecting water flow or navigation and therefore have been investigated to improve fish passage at anthropogenic barriers and to control movement of invasive fish. Upstream fish migration can be blocked or guided without physical structure by electrifying the water, but directional downstream...
Reply to: Turner, R.E., 2014. Discussion of: Olea, R.A. and Coleman, J.L., Jr., 2014. A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as related to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources, Journal of Coastal Research, 30(5), 1025–1044; Journal of Coastal Research, 30(6), 1330–1334.
Ricardo A. Olea, James L. Coleman
2014, Journal of Coastal Research (30) 1335-1337
To a large extent, geology is a science of solving inverse problems based on some data and scientific principles. Solutions to these types of problems are not unique, especially when using different data, invoking different principles, or both. It is not surprising that the discussant and we have reached different...
Reducing risk from lahar hazards: Concepts, case studies, and roles for scientists
Thomas C. Pierson, Nathan J. Wood, Carolyn L. Driedger
2014, Journal of Applied Volcanology (3) 1-25
Lahars are rapid flows of mud-rock slurries that can occur without warning and catastrophically impact areas more than 100 km downstream of source volcanoes. Strategies to mitigate the potential for damage or loss from lahars fall into four basic categories: (1) avoidance of lahar hazards through land-use planning; (2) modification...
Wave-driven sediment mobilization on a storm-controlled continental shelf (Northwest Iberia)
Ferdinand Oberle, Curt D. Storlazzi, Till Hanebuth
2014, Journal of Marine Systems (139) 362-372
Seafloor sediment mobilization on the inner Northwest Iberian continental shelf is caused largely by ocean surface waves. The temporal and spatial variability in the wave height, wave period, and wave direction has a profound effect on local sediment mobilization, leading to distinct sediment mobilization scenarios. Six grain-size specific sediment mobilization...
Productivity of forest birds at Hakalau Forest NWR
Eben H. Paxton, George C Cummins, Steven J. Kendall
2014, Technical Report HCSU-056
Hawai‘i has some of the most endangered avian species in the world, which face numerous threats from habitat loss, disease, climate change, and introduced species. This report details the results of a two-year productivity study of all forest bird species at Hakalau National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai‘i Island. We found and...
Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets
Gabriel Senay, Naga Manohar Velpuri, Stefanie Bohms, Yonas Demissie, Mekonnen Gebremichael
2014, Water Resources Research (50) 8625-8650
In this study, we integrated satellite-drived precipitation and modeled evapotranspiration data (2000–2012) to describe spatial variability of hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin. Over 2000–2012 period, 4 out of 11 countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) in the Nile Basin showed a positive water balance while three downstream...
Towards understanding the puzzling lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet (China): Insight from a comparison with Yellowstone (USA) and some active volcanic hydrothermal systems
D. Kirk Nordstrom, Qinghai Guo, R. Blaine McCleskey
2014, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (288) 94-104
Explanations for the lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet are inferred from a comprehensive hydrochemical comparison of Tibetan geothermal waters with those discharged from Yellowstone (USA) and two active volcanic areas, Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) and Miravalles (Costa Rica) where acid springs are widely distributed and diversified in terms...
Relationships between annual plant productivity, nitrogen deposition and fire size in low-elevation California desert scrub
Leela E. Rao, John R. Matchett, Matthew L. Brooks, Robert Johns, Richard A. Minnich, Edith B. Allen
2014, International Journal of Wildland Fire (24) 48-58
Although precipitation is correlated with fire size in desert ecosystems and is typically used as an indirect surrogate for fine fuel load, a direct link between fine fuel biomass and fire size has not been established. In addition, nitrogen (N) deposition can affect fire risk through its fertilisation effect on...
Factors influencing nest survival and productivity of Red-throated Loons (Gavia stellata) in Alaska
Daniel Rizzolo, Joel A. Schmutz, Sarah E. McCloskey, Thomas F. Fondell
2014, The Condor (116) 574-587
Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) numbers in Alaska have fluctuated dramatically over the past 3 decades; however, the demographic processes contributing to these population dynamics are poorly understood. To examine spatial and temporal variation in productivity, we estimated breeding parameters at 5 sites in Alaska: at Cape Espenberg and the Copper...
Effects of prey abundance, distribution, visual contrast and morphology on selection by a pelagic piscivore
Adam G. Hansen, David A. Beauchamp
2014, Freshwater Biology (59) 2328-2341
Most predators eat only a subset of possible prey. However, studies evaluating diet selection rarely measure prey availability in a manner that accounts for temporal–spatial overlap with predators, the sensory mechanisms employed to detect prey, and constraints on prey capture.We evaluated the diet selection of cutthroat trout...
Identifying hazards associated with lava deltas
Michael P. Poland, Tim R. Orr
2014, Bulletin of Volcanology (76)
Lava deltas, formed where lava enters the ocean and builds a shelf of new land extending from the coastline, represent a significant local hazard, especially on populated ocean island volcanoes. Such structures are unstable and prone to collapse—events that are often accompanied by small explosions that can deposit boulders and...
