A VS30 map for California with geologic and topographic constraints
Eric Thompson, David J. Wald, Charles Worden
2014, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (104) 2313-2321
For many earthquake engineering applications, site response is estimated through empirical correlations with the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity to 30 m depth (VS30). These applications therefore depend on the availability of either site‐specific VS30 measurements or VS30 maps at local, regional, and global scales. Because VS30 measurements are sparse, a proxy frequently is needed to estimate VS30 at unsampled locations....
Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics
Victoria E. Langenheim, Robert C. Jachens, Carlos Aiken
2014, GSA Memoirs (211) 1-20
The crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith can be divided geophysically into two parts: (1) a western mafic part that is dense, magnetic, and characterized by relatively high seismic velocities (>6.25 km/s), low heat flow (<60 mW/m2), and relatively sparse seismicity, and (2) an eastern, more felsic part that...
Development of a globally applicable model for near real-time prediction of seismically induced landslides
M. Anna Nowicki, David J. Wald, Michael W. Hamburger, Mike Hearne, Eric M. Thompson
2014, Engineering Geology (173) 54-65
Substantial effort has been invested to understand where seismically induced landslides may occur in the future, as they are a costly and frequently fatal threat in mountainous regions. The goal of this work is to develop a statistical model for estimating the spatial distribution of landslides in near real-time around...
A comparison of two sampling designs for fish assemblage assessment in a large river
Ian A. Kiraly, Stephen M. Coghlan Jr., Joseph D. Zydlewski, Daniel Hayes
2014, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (143) 508-518
We compared the efficiency of stratified random and fixed-station sampling designs to characterize fish assemblages in anticipation of dam removal on the Penobscot River, the largest river in Maine. We used boat electrofishing methods in both sampling designs. Multiple 500-m transects were selected randomly and electrofished in each of nine...
Multiple plumage traits convey information about age and within-age-class qualities of a canopy-dwelling songbird, the Cerulean Warbler
Than J. Boves, David A. Buehler, Petra Bohall Wood, Amanda D. Rodewald, Jeffrey L. Larkin, Patrick D. Keyser, T. Ben Wigley
2014, The Auk (131) 20-31
Colorful plumage traits in birds may convey multiple, redundant, or unreliable messages about an individual. Plumage may reliably convey information about disparate qualities such as age, condition, and parental ability because discrete tracts of feathers may cause individuals to incur different intrinsic or extrinsic costs. Few studies have examined the...
Anadromous sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are ecosystem engineers in a spawning tributary
Robert S. Hogg, Stephen M. Coghlan Jr., Joseph D. Zydlewski, Kevin S. Simon
2014, Freshwater Biology (59) 1294-1307
Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) disturb the substratum during nest construction and alter the physical habitat, potentially affecting other stream organisms. We quantified differences in depth, velocity, fine-sediment coverage, embeddedness, intragravel permeability and benthic invertebrate assemblages (density and diversity) among nest mounds, nest pits and undisturbed reference locations...
Productivity and carbon dioxide exchange of leguminous crops: estimates from flux tower measurements
Tagir G. Gilmanov, John M. Baker, Carl J. Bernacchi, David P. Billesbach, George G. Burba, Saulo Castro, Jiquan Chen, Werner Eugster, Marc L. Fischer, John A. Gamon, Maheteme T. Gebremedhin, Aaron J. Glenn, Timothy J. Griffis, Jerry L. Hatfield, Mark W. Heuer, Daniel M. Howard, Monique Y. Leclerc, Henry W. Loescher, Oliver Marloie, Tilden P. Meyers, Albert Olioso, Rebecca L. Phillips, John H. Prueger, R. Howard Skinner, Andrew E. Suyker, Mario Tenuta, Bruce K. Wylie
2014, Agronomy Journal (106) 545-559
Net CO2 exchange data of legume crops at 17 flux tower sites in North America and three sites in Europe representing 29 site-years of measurements were partitioned into gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration by using the nonrectangular hyperbolic light-response function method. The analyses produced net CO2 exchange data and new ecosystem-scale ecophysiological...
Implications of Web Mercator and its Use in Online Mapping
Sarah E. Battersby, Michael P. Finn, E. Lynn Usery, Kristina H. Yamamoto
2014, Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization (49) 85-101
Online interactive maps have become a popular means of communicating with spatial data. In most online mapping systems, Web Mercator has become the dominant projection. While the Mercator projection has a long history of discussion about its inappropriateness for general-purpose mapping, particularly at the global scale, and seems to have...
Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska
Anne E. McCafferty, Douglas B. Stoeser, Bradley S. Van Gosen
2014, Interpretation (2) SJ47-SJ63
A prospectivity map for rare earth element (REE) mineralization at the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, was calculated from high-resolution airborne gamma-ray data. The map displays areas with similar radioelement concentrations as those over the Dotson REE-vein-dike system, which is characterized by moderately high...
A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry
Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis, Joan S. Gomberg, John Vidale, Ken C. Creager
2014, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (119) 2199-2214
In September 2004, Mount St. Helens volcano erupted after nearly 18 years of quiescence. However, it is unclear from the limited geophysical observations when or if the magma chamber replenished following the 1980–1986 eruptions in the years before the 2004–2008 extrusive eruption. We use coda wave interferometry with repeating earthquakes to...
Aquatic invasive species: Lessons from cancer research
Adam J. Sepulveda, Andrew Ray, Robert K. Al-Chokhachy, Clint C. Muhlfeld, Robert E. Gresswell, Jackson A. Gross, Jeffrey L. Kershner
2014, American Scientist (100) 234-242
Aquatic invasive species are disrupting ecosystems with increasing frequency. Successful control of these invasions has been rare: Biologists and managers have few tools for fighting aquatic invaders. In contrast, the medical community has long worked to develop tools for preventing and fighting cancer. Its successes are marked by a coordinated...
Development of dietary-based toxic reference values to assess the risk of chlorophacinone to non-target raptorial birds
Barnett A. Rattner, Rebecca S. Lazarus, S. L. Shultz, Katherine E. Horak, Benjamin G. Abbo, Steven F. Volker
R. M. Timms, J. M. O’Brien, editor(s)
2014, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 26th Vertebrate Pest Conference
Regulatory changes in the use of some second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in parts of North America may result in expanded use of first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs). Recent toxicological studies with captive raptors have demonstrated that these species are considerably more sensitive to the FGAR diphacinone than traditional avian wildlife test species...
Foraging and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon after tidal restoration of a large river delta
Aaron T. David, Christopher Ellings, Isa Woo, Charles A. Simenstad, John Y. Takekawa, Kelley L. Turner, Ashley L. Smith, Jean E. Takekawa
2014, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (143) 1515-1529
We evaluated whether restoring tidal flow to previously diked estuarine wetlands also restores foraging and growth opportunities for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Several studies have assessed the value of restored tidal wetlands for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., but few have used integrative measures of salmon performance, such as habitat-specific growth potential,...
Satellite tracking of the migration of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Japan
Tetsuo Shimada, Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi, N. Hijikata, Emiko N. Hiraoka, Jerry W. Hupp, Paul L. Flint, Ken-ichi Tokita, Go Fujita, Kiyoshi Uchida, F. Sato, Masayuki Kurechi, John M. Pearce, Andrew M. Ramey, Hiroyoshi Higuchi
2014, Ornithological Science (13) 67-75
We satellite-tracked Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in northern Japan to document their migration routes and timing, and to identify breeding areas. From 47 swans that we marked at Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, and at Lake Kussharo, east Hokkaido, we observed 57 spring and 33 autumn migrations from...
A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing
Amy M. Villamagna, Beatriz Mogollon, Paul L. Angermeier
2014, Ecological Indicators (45) 255-265
Despite recent interest, ecosystem services are not yet fully incorporated into private and public decisions about natural resource management. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are among the most challenging of services to include because they comprise complex ecological and social properties and processes that make them difficult to measure, map or...
Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm
Henry M. Streby, Jeanine M. Refsnider, David E. Andersen
2014, The Auk (131) 718-726
One of the most commonly estimated parameters in studies of songbird ecology is reproductive success, as a measure of either individual fitness or population productivity. Traditionally, the “success” in reproductive success refers to whether, or how many, nestlings leave nests. Here, we advocate that “reproductive success” in songbirds be redefined...
A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.
David L. George, Richard M. Iverson
2014, Proceedings of the Royal Society A (470)
We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model’s five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure, and two components of flow momentum. Each...
Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA
Elena B. Nilsen, Steven D. Zaugg, David A. Alvarez, Jennifer L. Morace, Ian R. Waite, Timothy D. Counihan, Jill M. Hardiman, Leticia Torres, Reynaldo Patino, Matthew G. Mesa, Robert Grove
2014, Science of the Total Environment (484) 344-352
We investigated occurrence, transport pathways, and effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic media and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River. In 2009 and 2010, foodweb sampling at three sites along a gradient of contaminant exposure near Skamania (Washington), Columbia...
Host heterogeneity influences the impact of a non-native disease invasion on populations of a foundation tree species
Erik S. Jules, Allyson L. Carroll, Andrea M. Garcia, Christopher M. Steenbock, Matthew Kauffman
2014, Ecosphere (5) 1-17
Invasive pathogens are becoming increasingly important in forested ecosystems, yet they are often difficult to study because of their rapid transmission. The rate and extent of pathogen spread are thought to be partially controlled by variation in host characteristics, such as when host size and location influence susceptibility. Few host-pathogen...
Does age matter? The influence of age on response rates in a mixed-mode survey
Larry M. Gigliotti, Alia Dietsch
2014, Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal (19) 280-287
The appeal of cost savings and faster results has fish and wildlife management agencies considering the use of Internet surveys instead of traditional mail surveys to collect information from their constituents. Internet surveys, however, may suffer from differential age-related response rates, potentially producing biased results if certain age groups respond...
Mineral resource of the month: Strontium
Joyce A. Ober
2014, Earth (January 2015)
Strontium occurs commonly in nature, ranking as the 15th most abundant chemical element on Earth. Only two minerals contain sufficient strontium, however, to be used commercially to produce strontium compounds: Strontianite (strontium carbonate) has a higher strontium content, but celestite (strontium sulfate) is by far the most abundant strontium mineral....
A century of studying effusive eruptions in Hawaii
Katherine V. Cashman, Margaret T. Mangan
Michael P. Poland, T. Jane Takahashi, Claire M. Landowski, editor(s)
2014, Professional Paper 1801-9
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) was established as a natural laboratory to study volcanic processes. Since the most frequent form of volcanic activity in Hawai‘i is effusive, a major contribution of the past century of research at HVO has been to describe and quantify lava flow emplacement processes. Lava flow...
Selection of forest canopy gaps by male Cerulean Warblers in West Virginia
Kelly A. Perkins, Petra Bohall Wood
2014, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (126) 288-297
Forest openings, or canopy gaps, are an important resource for many forest songbirds, such as Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea). We examined canopy gap selection by this declining species to determine if male Cerulean Warblers selected particular sizes, vegetative heights, or types of gaps. We tested whether these parameters differed among...
Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines
Deanna H. Olson, Tara E. Chestnut
2014, The Wildlife Professional (8) 28-31
A parasitic fungus, similar to the one that caused the extinction of numerous tropical frog and toad species, is killing salamanders in Europe. Scientists first identified the fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, in 2013 as the culprit behind the death of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) in the Netherlands (Martel et al....
Tectonic evolution of the Tualatin basin, northwest Oregon, as revealed by inversion of gravity data
Darcy McPhee, Victoria E. Langenheim, Ray E. Wells, Richard J. Blakely
2014, Geosphere (10) 264-275
The Tualatin basin, west of Portland (Oregon, USA), coincides with a 110 mGal gravity low along the Puget-Willamette lowland. New gravity measurements (n = 3000) reveal a three-dimensional (3-D) subsurface geometry suggesting early development as a fault-bounded pull-apart basin. A strong northwest-trending gravity gradient coincides with the Gales Creek fault,...
