Didymosphenia geminata: Algal blooms in oligotrophic streams and rivers
P.V. Sundareshwar, S. Upadhayay, M. Abessa, S. Honomichl, B. Berdanier, S. A. Spaulding, C. Sandvik, A. Trennepohl
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
In recent decades, the diatom Didymosphenia geminata has emerged as nuisance species in river systems around the world. This periphytic alga forms large "blooms" in temperate streams, presenting a counterintuitive result: the blooms occur primarily in oligotrophic streams and rivers, where phosphorus (P) availability typically limits primary production. The goal...
Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and Bythotrephes longimanus
Ora E. Johannsson, Kelly L. Bowen, Kristen T. Holeck, Maureen G. Walsh
2011, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (68) 795-811
We investigated population responses of Mysis to ecosystem changes induced by invasion of dreissenids and predatory cladocerans, Cercopagis and Bythotrephes. Lake productivity declined as dreissenids invaded the offshore region. Whole-lake mysid biomass was compared before (early 1990s) and after (2002–2007) the invasion period; it declined 40%–45%. Abundance of young mysids...
Hepatic element concentrations of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the upper Midwest
Angela E. Pillatzki, Regg D. Neiger, Steven R. Chipps, Kenneth F. Higgins, Nancy Thiex, Alan D. Afton
2011, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (61) 144-150
High concentrations of some hepatic elements might be contributing to the decline of the continental lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) population. We evaluated hepatic element concentrations of male and female lesser scaup collected from the upper Midwest (Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota) during the 2003 and 2004 spring migrations....
Terrestrial source to deep-sea sink sediment budgets at high and low sea levels: Insights from tectonically active Southern California
J.A. Covault, B.W. Romans, S.A. Graham, A. Fildani, G.E. Hilley
2011, Geology (39) 619-622
Sediment routing from terrestrial source areas to the deep sea influences landscapes and seascapes and supply and filling of sedimentary basins. However, a comprehensive assessment of land-to-deep-sea sediment budgets over millennia with significant climate change is lacking. We provide source to sink sediment budgets using cosmogenic radionuclide–derived terrestrial denudation rates...
Pre- and post-drill comparison of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate prospect, Alaska North Slope
Myung W. Lee, Warren F. Agena, Timothy S. Collett, T.L. Inks
2011, Marine and Petroleum Geology (28) 578-588
In 2006, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) completed a detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data, along with seismic modeling and correlation with specially processed downhole well log data for identifying potential gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope of Alaska. A methodology was...
The dynamics, transmission, and population impacts of avian malaria in native hawaiian birds: A modeling approach
Michael D. Samuel, P.H.F. Hobbelen, F. Decastro, Jorge A. Ahumada, Dennis A. LaPointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Bethany L. Woodworth, P.J. Hart, D.C. Duffy
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 2960-2973
We developed an epidemiological model of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) across an altitudinal gradient on the island of Hawaii that includes the dynamics of the host, vector, and parasite. This introduced mosquito‐borne disease is hypothesized to have contributed to extinctions and major shifts in the altitudinal distribution of highly susceptible...
Comparison of Bayesian clustering and edge detection methods for inferring boundaries in landscape genetics
T. Safner, Mark P. Miller, B.H. McRae, M.-J. Fortin, S. Manel
2011, International Journal of Molecular Sciences (12) 865-889
Recently, techniques available for identifying clusters of individuals or boundaries between clusters using genetic data from natural populations have expanded rapidly. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate these different techniques. We used spatially-explicit simulation models to compare three spatial Bayesian clustering programs and two edge detection methods. Spatially-structured populations...
Failed magmatic eruptions: Late-stage cessation of magma ascent
S.C. Moran, C. Newhall, D.C. Roman
2011, Bulletin of Volcanology (73) 115-122
When a volcano becomes restless, a primary question is whether the unrest will lead to an eruption. Here we recognize four possible outcomes of a magmatic intrusion: "deep intrusion", "shallow intrusion", "sluggish/viscous magmatic eruption", and "rapid, often explosive magmatic eruption". We define "failed eruptions" as instances in which magma reaches...
Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal
David J. Smith, Dale W. Griffin, Richard D. McPeters, Peter D. Ward, Andrew C. Schuerger
2011, Aerobiologia (27) 319-332
Spores of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to a series of stratosphere simulations. In total, five distinct treatments measured the effect of reduced pressure, low temperature, high desiccation, and intense ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on stratosphereisolated and ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Environmental conditions were based on springtime data from a mid-latitude region...
Field observations onsSelectivet tidal-stream transport for postlarval and juvenile pink shrimp in florida bay
Maria M. Criales, Michael B. Robblee, Joan A. Browder, H. Cardenas, Thomas L. Jackson
2011, Journal of Crustacean Biology (31) 26-33
Postlarvae and juveniles of pink shrimp were collected in the summers of 2005 and 2006 at three stations in northwestern Florida Bay, the main nursery ground of this species in South Florida. Collections were made at one- or two-hour intervals during three full moon nights and two new moon nights...
Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006
C.A. Werner, M.P. Doukas, P.J. Kelly
2011, Bulletin of Volcanology (73) 155-173
Cook Inlet volcanoes that experienced an eruption between 1989 and 2006 had mean gas emission rates that were roughly an order of magnitude higher than at volcanoes where unrest stalled. For the six events studied, mean emission rates for eruptions were ~13,000 t/d CO2 and 5200 t/d SO2, but only...
Spatial and temporal trends of selected trace elements in liver tissue from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada and Greenland
Heli Routti, Robert J. Letcher, Erik W. Born, Marsha Branigan, Rune Dietz, Thomas J. Evans, Aaron T. Fisk, Elizabeth L. Peacock, Christian Sonne
2011, Journal of Environmental Monitoring (13) 2260-2267
Spatial trends and comparative changes in time of selected trace elements were studied in liver tissue from polar bears from ten different subpopulation locations in Alaska, Canadian Arctic and East Greenland. For nine of the trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se and Zn) spatial trends were...
Continuity of Landsat observations: Short term considerations
Michael A. Wulder, Joanne C. White, Jeffery G. Masek, John L. Dwyer, David P. Roy
2011, Remote Sensing of Environment (115) 747-751
As of writing in mid-2010, both Landsat-5 and -7 continue to function, with sufficient fuel to enable data collection until the launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) scheduled for December of 2012. Failure of one or both of Landsat-5 or -7 may result in a lack of Landsat...
Analytical model for screening potential CO2 repositories
R.T. Okwen, M.T. Stewart, J.A. Cunningham
2011, Computational Geosciences (15) 755-770
Assessing potential repositories for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide using numerical models can be complicated, costly, and time-consuming, especially when faced with the challenge of selecting a repository from a multitude of potential repositories. This paper presents a set of simple analytical equations (model), based on the work of previous...
Depositional and diagenetic variability within the Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration
B.B. Bowen, R.I. Ochoa, N.D. Wilkens, J. Brophy, T.R. Lovell, N. Fischietto, C.R. Medina, J.A. Rupp
2011, Environmental Geosciences (18) 69-89
The Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone is the major target reservoir for ongoing geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration demonstrations throughout the midwest United States. The potential CO2 reservoir capacity, reactivity, and ultimate fate of injected CO2 depend on textural and compositional properties determined by depositional and diagenetic histories that vary vertically and laterally...
Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adélie penguins along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001–2002
Eric S. Erdmann, Christine Ribic, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser, William R. Fraser
2011, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (58) 1710-1718
In accord with the hypotheses driving the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program, we tested the hypothesis that the winter foraging ecology of a major top predator in waters off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), is constrained by oceanographic features related to...
Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations
M.R. Vinson, P. Budy
2011, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (68) 137-151
We compared sources of variability and cost in paired stomach content and stable isotope samples from three salmonid species collected in September 2001–2005 and describe the relative information provided by each method in terms of measuring diet overlap and food web study design. Based on diet analyses, diet overlap among...
Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: A scenario analysis
Brand L. Arriana, J.C. Stromberg, D.C. Goodrich, M.D. Dixon, K. Lansey, D. Kang, D.S. Brookshire, D.J. Cerasale
2011, Ecohydrology (4) 130-142
Groundwater is a key driver of riparian condition on dryland rivers but is in high demand for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses. Approaches are needed to guide decisions that balance human water needs while conserving riparian ecosystems. We developed a space‐for‐time substitution model that links groundwater change scenarios implemented within...
Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope
M.E. Torres, Timothy S. Collett, K.K. Rose, J.C. Sample, Warren F. Agena, E.J. Rosenbaum
2011, Marine and Petroleum Geology (28) 332-342
The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled and cored from 606.5 to 760.1 m on the North Slope of Alaska, to evaluate the occurrence, distribution and formation of gas hydrate in sediments below the base of the ice-bearing permafrost. Both the dissolved chloride and the isotopic composition...
Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block
John W. Hillhouse, Sherman Gromme
2011, Lithosphere (3) 275-288
We report remanent magnetization measurements from 13 sites in Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada (38°N–39.5°N). By increasing the number of available paleomagnetic sites, the new data tighten constraints on the displacement history of the Sierra Nevada block and its pre-extensional position relative to interior North America. We...
Epistemic uncertainty in the location and magnitude of earthquakes in Italy from Macroseismic data
W. H. Bakun, Capera A. Gomez, M. Stucchi
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 2712-2725
Three independent techniques (Bakun and Wentworth, 1997; Boxer from Gasperini et al., 1999; and Macroseismic Estimation of Earthquake Parameters [MEEP; see Data and Resources section, deliverable D3] from R.M.W. Musson and M.J. Jimenez) have been proposed for estimating an earthquake location and magnitude from intensity data alone. The locations and...
Upscaling carbon fluxes over the Great Plains grasslands: Sinks and sources
Li Zhang, Bruce K. Wylie, Lei Ji, Tagir G. Gilmanov, Larry L. Tieszen, Daniel M. Howar
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (116) 1-13
Previous studies suggested that the grasslands may be carbon sinks or near equilibrium, and they often shift between carbon sources in drought years and carbon sinks in other years. It is important to understand the responses of net ecosystem production (NEP) to various climatic conditions across the U.S. Great Plains...
Spatial connectivity in a highly heterogeneous aquifer: From cores to preferential flow paths
M. Bianchi, C. Zheng, C. Wilson, G.R. Tick, Gaisheng Liu, S.M. Gorelick
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
This study investigates connectivity in a small portion of the extremely heterogeneous aquifer at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi. A total of 19 fully penetrating soil cores were collected from a rectangular grid of 4 m by 4 m. Detailed grain size analysis was performed on 5...
Constraints on Lake Agassiz discharge through the late-glacial Champlain Sea (St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canada) using salinity proxies and an estuarine circulation model
Brian Katz, R.G. Najjar, T. Cronin, J. Rayburn, M. E. Mann
2011, Quaternary Science Reviews (30) 3248-3257
During the last deglaciation, abrupt freshwater discharge events from proglacial lakes in North America, such as glacial Lake Agassiz, are believed to have drained into the North Atlantic Ocean, causing large shifts in climate by weakening the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water and decreasing ocean heat transport to high...
Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone
D.R.W. Haught, H. J. Van Meerveld
2011, Hydrological Processes (25) 3866-3877
To better understand storage-runoff dynamics, transient groundwater responses were examined in one of the steep watersheds in British Columbia's coastal mountains. Streamflow and piezometric data were collected for 1year to determine the spatial and temporal relations between transient groundwater levels and discharge. Correlations between piezometer responses and lag-time analysis were...
