Tidal calibration of Plate Boundary Observatory borehole strainmeters: Roles of vertical and shear coupling
Evelyn Roeloffs
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
A multicomponent borehole strainmeter directly measures changes in the diameter of its cylindrical housing at several azimuths. To transform these measurements to formation strains requires a calibration matrix, which must be estimated by analyzing the installed strainmeter's response to known strains. Typically, theoretical calculations of Earth tidal strains serve as...
Thresholds in forest bird occurrence as a function of the amount of early-seral broadleaf forest at landscape scales
M.G. Betts, J.C. Hagar, J.W. Rivers, J.D. Alexander, K. McGarigal, B.C. McComb
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 2116-2130
Recent declines in broadleaf-dominated, early-seral forest globally as a function of intensive forest management and/or fire suppression have raised concern about the viability of populations dependent on such forest types. However, quantitative information about the strength and direction of species associations with broadleaf cover at landscape scales are rare. Uncovering...
Thermomagmatic evolution of Mesoproterozoic crust in the Blue Ridge of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: Evidence from U-Pb geochronology and zircon geothermometry
Richard P. Tollo, John N. Aleinikoff, Joseph L. Wooden, Frank K. Mazdab, Scott Southworth, Mark C. Fanning
2010, GSA Memoirs (206) 589-596
New geologic mapping, petrology, and U-Pb geochronology indicate that Mesoproterozoic crust near Mount Rogers consists of felsic to mafic meta-igneous rocks emplaced over 260 m.y. The oldest rocks are compositionally diverse and migmatitic, whereas younger granitoids are porphyritic to porphyroclastic. Cathodoluminescence imaging indicates that zircon from four representative units preserves...
Thin-skinned deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, Mars
Joannah Metz, John P. Grotzinger, Chris Okubo, Ralph Milliken
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (115)
Deformation of sedimentary rocks is widespread within Valles Marineris, characterized by both plastic and brittle deformation identified in Candor, Melas, and Ius Chasmata. We identified four deformation styles using HiRISE and CTX images: kilometer-scale convolute folds, detached slabs, folded strata, and pull-apart structures. Convolute folds are detached rounded slabs of...
Thermochronology and tectonics of the Leeward Antilles: Evolution of the southern Caribbean Plate boundary zone
Roelant van der Lelij, Richard A. Spikings, Andrew C. Kerr, Alexandre Kounov, Michael Cosca, David Chew, Diego Villagomez
2010, Tectonics (29)
Tectonic reconstructions of the Caribbean Plate are severely hampered by a paucity of geochronologic and exhumation constraints from anastomosed basement blocks along its southern margin. New U/Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, apatite fission track, and apatite (U-Th)/He data constrain quantitative thermal and exhumation histories, which have been used to propose a model for...
Thermal state of permafrost in North America: A contribution to the international polar year
S.L. Smith, V.E. Romanovsky, A.G. Lewkowicz, C.R. Burn, M. Allard, G.D. Clow, K. Yoshikawa, J. Throop
2010, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (21) 117-135
A snapshot of the thermal state of permafrost in northern North America during the International Polar Year (IPY) was developed using ground temperature data collected from 350 boreholes. More than half these were established during IPY to enhance the network in sparsely monitored regions. The measurement sites span a diverse...
The use of early summer mosquito surveillance to predict late summer West Nile virus activity
Howard S. Ginsberg, Ilia Rochlin, Scott R. Campbell
2010, Journal of Vector Ecology (35) 35-42
Utility of early-season mosquito surveillance to predict West Nile virus activity in late summer was assessed in Suffolk County, NY. Dry ice-baited CDC miniature light traps paired with gravid traps were set weekly. Maximum-likelihood estimates of WNV positivity, minimum infection rates, and % positive pools were generally well correlated. However,...
The use of Emeraid Exotic Carnivore Diet improves postsurgical recovery and survival of long-tailed ducks
Glenn H. Olsen, Scott Ford, Matthew C. Perry, Alicia M. Wells-Berlin
2010, Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine (19) 165-168
Gavage feeding is a commonly used technique in wildlife rehabilitation. While implanting satellite transmitters in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis), a need for extra postsurgical nutritional support was identified. A new product, Emeraid Exotic Carnivore Diet, has proven effective in maintaining and even increasing the birds' body weights while in captivity....
The toll of toxics: investigating environmental contaminants
Donald W. Sparling, Barnett A. Rattner, John S. Barclay
2010, The Wildlife Professional (4) 24-30
On Earth Day of this year, the British Petroleum-operated Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, 41 miles off the Louisiana coast. The blast killed 11 workers, injured 17, launched a massive oil spill, and triggered an environmental catastrophe—the full impact of which may not be...
The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers
John L. Sabo, Jacques C. Finlay, Theodore A. Kennedy, David M. Post
2010, Science (330) 965-967
Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL,...
Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescense in aquatic environments: An interlaboratory comparison
Kathleen R. Murphy, Kenna D. Butler, Robert G. M. Spencer, Colin A. Stedmon, Jennifer R. Boehme, George R. Aiken
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 9405-9412
The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing...
The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates
Michael Hoffmann, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Ariadne Angulo, Monika Bohm, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Kent E. Carpenter, Janice Chanson, Ben Collen, Neil A. Cox, William R.T. Darwall, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Lucy R. Harrison, Vineet Katariya, Caroline M. Pollock, Suhel Quader, Nadia I. Richman, Ana S.L. Rodrigues, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Jean-Christophe Vie, John M. Aguiar, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Allen, Giovanni Amori, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Franco Androene, Paul Andrew, Aida Luz Aquino Ortiz, Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Ricardo Baldi, Ben D. Bell, S.D. Biju, Jeremy P. Bird, Patricia Black-Decima, J. Julian Blanc, Federico Bolanos, Wilmar Bolivar-G., Ian J. Burfield, James A. Burton, David R. Capper, Fernando Castro, Gianluca Catullo, Rachel D. Cavanagh, Alan Channing, Ning Labbish Chao, Anna M. Chenery, Federica Chiozza, Viola Clausnitzer, Nigel J. Collar, Leah C. Collett, Bruce B. Collette, Claudia F. Cortez Fernandez, Matthew T. Craig, Michael J. Crosby, Neil Cumberlidge, Annabelle Cuttelod, Andrew E. Derocher, Arvin C. Diesmos, John S. Donaldson, J.W. Duckworth, Guy Dutson, S.K. Dutta, Richard H. Emslie, Aljos Farjon, Sarah Fowler, Jorg Freyhof, David L. Garshelis, Justin Gerlach, David J. Gower, Tandora D. Grant, Geoffrey A. Hammerson, Richard B. Harris, Lawrence R. Heaney, S. Blair Hedges, Jean-Marc Hero, Baz Hughes, Syed Ainul Hussain, Javier M. Icochea, Robert F. Inger, Nobuo Ishii, Djoko T. Iskandar, Richard K.B. Jenkins, Yoshio Kaneko, Maurice Kottelat, Kit M. Kovacs, Sergius L. Kuzmin, Enrique La Marca, John F. Lamoreux, Michael W.N. Lau, Esteban O. Lavilla, Kristin Leus, Rebecca L. Lewison, Gabriela Lichtenstein, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Vimoksolehi Lukoschek, David P. Mallon, Philip J.K. McGowan, Anna McIvor, Patricia D. Moehlman, Sanjay Molur, Antonio Munoz Alonso, John A. Musick, Kristin Nowell, Ronald A. Nussbaum, Wanda Olech, Nikolay L. Orlov, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Gabriela Parra-Olea, William F. Perrin, Beth A. Polidoro, Mohammad Pourkazemi, Paul A. Racey, James S. Ragle, Mala Ram, Galen Rathbun, Robert P. Reynolds, Anders G.J. Rhodin, Stephen J. Richards, Lily O. Rodriguez, Santiago R. Ron, Carlo Rondinini, Anthony B. Rylands, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Jonnell C. Sanciangco, Kate L. Sanders, Georgina Santos-Barrera, Jan Schipper, Caryn Self-Sullivan, Yichuan Shi, Alan Shoemaker, Frederick T. Short, Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Debora L. Silvano, Kevin G. Smith, Andrew T. Smith, Jos Snoeks, Alison J. Stattersfield, Andrew J. Symes, Andrew B. Taber, Bibhab K. Talukdar, Helen J. Temple, Rob Timmins, Joseph A. Tobias, Katerina Tsytsulina, Denis Tweddle, Carmen Ubeda, Sarah V. Valenti, Peter Paul van Dijk, Liza M. Veiga, Alberto Veloso, David C. Wege, Mark Wilkinson, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Feng Xie, Bruce E. Young, H. Resit Akcakaya, Leon Bennun, Tim M. Blackburn, Luigi Boitani, Holly T. Dublin, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Claude Gascon, Thomas E. Lacher Jr., Georgina M. Mace, Susan A. Mainka, Jeffery A. McNeely, Russell A. Mittermeier, Gordon McGregor Reid, Jon Paul Rodriguez, Andrew A. Rosenberg, Michael J. Samways, Jane Smart, Bruce A. Stein, Simon N. Stuart
2010, Science (330) 1503-1509
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and...
Southwestern desert resources
William L. Halvorson, Charles van Riper III, Cecil R. Schwalbe
2010, Book
The southwestern deserts stretch from southeastern California to west Texas and then south to central Mexico. The landscape of this region is known as basin and range topography featuring to "sky islands" of forest rising from the desert lowlands which creates a uniquely diverse ecology. The region is further complicated...
The Colorado Plateau IV: shaping conservation through science and management
Brian F. Wakeling, Thomas D. Sisk
Charles van Riper III, editor(s)
2010, Book
Roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States, the Colorado Plateau covers some 130,000 square miles of sparsely vegetated plateaus, mesas, canyons, arches, and cliffs in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. With elevations ranging from 3,000 to 14,000 feet, the natural systems found within the...
Trading off short-term and long-term risk: minimizing the threat of Laysan duck extinction from catastrophes and sea-level rise
Michelle Reynolds, Conor P. McGowan, Sarah J. Converse, Brady Mattsson, Jeffrey S. Hatfield, Andrew McClung, Loyal Mehrhoff, Jeffrey R. Walters, Kim Uyehara
2010, USFWS/USGS Structured Decision Making Workshop, National Conservation Training Center, Shepherdstown, WV, January 25-29, 2010 1-20
Conservation of oceanic island species presents many ecological and logistical challenges. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) include 300,000 km2 of ocean waters and 10 groups of sub-tropical islands and atolls of high conservation value. Designated as Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, the islands provide habitat for four endangered species of terrestrial...
Climate change, sea-level rise, and coastal wetlands
Donald R. Cahoon, G.R. Guntenspergen
2010, National Wetlands Newsletter (32) 8-12
Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean
David J. Smith, Dale W. Griffin, Andrew C. Schuerger
2010, Aerobiologia (26) 35-46
An aerobiology sampling flight at 20 km was conducted on 28 April 2008 over the Pacific Ocean (36.5° N, 118–149° W), a period of time that coincided with the movement of Asian dust across the ocean. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of viable bacteria and...
Estimation of aquifer scale proportion using equal area grids: assessment of regional scale groundwater quality
Kenneth Belitz, Bryant C. Jurgens, Matthew K. Landon, Miranda S. Fram, Tyler D. Johnson
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
The proportion of an aquifer with constituent concentrations above a specified threshold (high concentrations) is taken as a nondimensional measure of regional scale water quality. If computed on the basis of area, it can be referred to as the aquifer scale proportion. A spatially unbiased estimate of aquifer scale proportion...
Book review: Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds: Implications for island avifauna
R. Todd Engstrom, Charles van Riper III
2010, The Auk (127) 956-958
For many years, following the publication of Studies in Avian Biology No. 22 by Scott et al. (2001), ornithologists interested in Hawaiian birds have waited for the next synthesis volume on Hawaiian bird research. Finally there is one, and it is excellent. Thane Pratt and his colleagues...
White-nose syndrome in bats: a primer for resource managers
K.T. Castle, P.M. Cryan
2010, Park Science (27) 20-25
White-nose syndrome emerged as a devastating new disease of North American hibernating bats over the past four winters. The disease has spread more than 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi) since it was first observed in a small area of upstate New York, and has affected six species of bats in the...
The importance of the riparian zone and in-stream processes in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed and agricultural watersheds – a review of the scientific literature
Anthony J. Ranalli, Donald L. Macalady
2010, Journal of Hydrology (389) 406-415
We reviewed published studies from primarily glaciated regions in the United States, Canada, and Europe of the (1) transport of nitrate from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems, (2) attenuation of nitrate in the riparian zone of undisturbed and agricultural watersheds, (3) processes contributing to nitrate attenuation in riparian zones, (4)...
Ecological contingency in the effects of climatic warming on forest herb communities
Susan Harrison, Ellen Ingman Damschen, James B. Grace
2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (107) 19362-19367
Downscaling from the predictions of general climate models is critical to current strategies for mitigating species loss caused by climate change. A key impediment to this downscaling is that we lack a fully developed understanding of how variation in physical, biological, or land-use characteristics mediates the effects of climate change...
Effect of surficial disturbance on exchange between groundwater and surface water in nearshore margins
Donald O. Rosenberry, Laura Toran, Jonathan E. Nyquist
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
Low‐permeability sediments situated at or near the sediment‐water interface can influence seepage in nearshore margins, particularly where wave energy or currents are minimal. Seepage meters were used to quantify flow across the sediment‐water interface at two lakes where flow was from surface water to groundwater. Disturbance of the sediment bed...
The scaup conservation action plan: working toward coherence
Jane E. Austin
2010, North American Waterfowl Management Plan Science Support Team Newsletter (Winter 2010) 6-6
The last in a series of three workshops to develop a decision framework for the scaup conservation action plan was conducted in September 2009. Fifteen waterfowl biologists and managers met in Memphis, Tennessee at the Ducks Unlimited Headquarters to review and refine the decision statement, objectives, and prototype model for...
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling to quantify effects of peak-flow management on channel morphology and salmon-spawning habitat in the Cedar River, Washington
Christiana Czuba, Jonathan A. Czuba, Andrew S. Gendaszek, Christopher S. Magirl
2010, Report
The Cedar River in Washington State originates on the western slope of the Cascade Range and provides the City of Seattle with most of its drinking water, while also supporting a productive salmon habitat. Water-resource managers require detailed information on how best to manage high-flow releases from Chester Morse Lake,...
