Behavioral responses of north American Elk to recreational activity
L.M. Naylor, M.J. Wisdom, R.G. Anthony
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 328-338
Off-road recreation on public lands in North America has increased dramatically in recent years. Wild ungulates are sensitive to human activities, but the effect of off-road recreation, both motorized and nonmotorized, is poorly understood. We measured responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to recreational disturbance in northeast Oregon, USA, from April...
Using time-dependent models to investigate body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake
P.S. Coates, G.D. Wylie, B.J. Halstead, Michael L. Casazza
2009, Journal of Zoology (279) 285-293
Identifying links between phenotypic attributes and fitness is a primary goal of reproductive ecology. Differences in within-year patterns of body condition between sexes of gartersnakes in relation to reproduction and growth are not fully understood. We conducted an 11-year field study of body condition and growth rate of the giant...
Differential virulence mechanisms of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) include host entry and virus replication kinetics
M.M.D. Penaranda, M. K. Purcell, Gael Kurath
2009, Journal of General Virology (90) 2172-2182
Host specificity is a phenomenon exhibited by all viruses. For the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), differential specificity of virus strains from the U and M genogroups has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), M IHNV strains are consistently...
The effects of seeding sterile triticale on a native plant community after wildfire in a pinyon pinemountain mahogany woodland
B.A. Waitman, T.M. Draper, T. C. Esque
2009, International Journal of Wildland Fire (18) 659-664
Post-fire seeding with grasses is a common practice for emergency rehabilitation of burned woodlands. However, most post-seeding monitoring does not address consequences to native flora. In November 2004, the US Forest Service hand-seeded triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), a sterile wheatrye hybrid, on a small burned area in the...
A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers
Andrew J. Long, P.C. Gilcrease
2009, Journal of Hydrology (378) 230-239
A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers is presented as an alternative to two or three-dimensional distributed-parameter models, which are data intensive and require knowledge of conduit locations. This model can be applied for cases where water temperature in a well or spring receives all or part...
Nitrogen losses from dairy manure estimated through nitrogen mass balance and chemical markers
Alexander N. Hristov, S. Zaman, M. Vander Pol, P. Ndegwa, L. Campbell, S. Silva
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 2438-2448
Ammonia is an important air and water pollutant, but the spatial variation in its concentrations presents technical difficulties in accurate determination of ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between ammonia volatilization and ??15N of dairy manure and the feasibility of...
Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake?
S. Ge, M. Liu, N. Lu, J. W. Godt, G. Luo
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
The devastating May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) resulted from thrust of the Tibet Plateau on the Longmen Shan fault zone, a consequence of the Indo-Asian continental collision. Many have speculated on the role played by the Zipingpu Reservoir, impounded in 2005 near the epicenter, in triggering the earthquake. This...
Spectral distance decay
D. Rocchinl, H. Nagendra, R. Ghate, B.S. Cade
2009, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (75) 1225-1230
Remotely sensed data represents key information for character-izing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral...
Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions
N.R. Viney, H. Bormann, L. Breuer, A. Bronstert, B.F.W. Croke, H. Frede, T. Graff, L. Hubrechts, J. A. Huisman, A.J. Jakeman, G.W. Kite, J. Lanini, G. Leavesley, D.P. Lettenmaier, G. Lindstrom, J. Seibert, M. Sivapalan, P. Willems
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 147-158
This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing...
Effects of horseshoe crab harvest in delaware bay on red knots: Are harvest restrictions working?
L. J. Niles, J. Bart, H.P. Sitters, A.D. Dey, K.E. Clark, P.W. Atkinson, Allan J. Baker, K.A. Bennett, K.S. Kalasz, N.A. Clark, J. Clark, S. Gillings, A.S. Gates, P.M. Gonzalez, D.E. Hernandez, C.D.T. Minton, R. I. G. Morrison, R.R. Porter, R.K. Ross, C.R. Veitch
2009, BioScience (59) 153-164
Each May, red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) congregate in Delaware Bay during their northward migration to feed on horseshoe crab eggs (Limulus polyphemus) and refuel for breeding in the Arctic. During the 1990s, the Delaware Bay harvest of horseshoe crabs for bait increased 10-fold, leading to a more than 90%...
Large, high-intensity fire events in Southern California shrublands: Debunking the fine-grain age patch model
Jon E. Keeley, P.H. Zedler
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 69-94
We evaluate the fine-grain age patch model of fire regimes in southern California shrublands. Proponents contend that the historical condition was characterized by frequent small to moderate size, slow-moving smoldering fires, and that this regime has been disrupted by fire suppression activities that have caused unnatural fuel accumulation and anomalously...
Human-provided waters for desert wildlife: What is the problem?
D.J. Mattson, N. Chambers
2009, Policy Sciences (42) 113-135
Conflict persists in southwestern deserts of the United States over management of human-constructed devices to provide wildlife with water. We appraised decision processes in this case relative to the goal of human dignity and by the standards of civility and common interest outcomes. Our analysis suggested that conflict was scientized,...
Theory, practice, and history in critical GIS: Reports on an AAG panel session
M.W. Wilson, B.S. Poore
2009, Conference Paper, Cartographica
Extending a special session held at the 2008 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Boston, this commentary collection highlights elements of the critical GIS research agenda that are particularly pressing. Responding to a Progress report on critical GIS written by David O'Sullivan in 2006, these six commentaries...
Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events
Jeannie R.B. Barlow, Richard H. Coupe
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Using heat as a tracer, quantitative estimates of streambed fluxes and the critical stage for flow reversal were calculated for high‐flow events that occurred on the Bogue Phalia (a tributary of the Mississippi River) following the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In June 2005, piezometers were installed in the Bogue...
Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA
N. David, L.J. McKee, F.J. Black, A.R. Flegal, C.H. Conaway, D. H. Schoellhamer, N. K. Ganju
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2091-2100
In order to estimate total mercury (HgT) loads entering San Francisco Bay, USA, via the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, unfiltered water samples were collected between January 2002 and January 2006 during high flow events and analyzed for HgT. Unfiltered HgT concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 75 ng/L and showed a...
Relation of urbanization to stream fish assemblages and species traits in nine metropolitan areas of the United States
Larry R. Brown, M. Brian Gregory, Jason T. May
2009, Urban Ecosystems (12) 391-416
We examined associations of fish assemblages and fish traits with urbanization and selected environmental variables in nine major United States metropolitan areas. The strongest relations between fishes and urbanization occurred in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; and Portland, Oregon. In these areas, environmental variables with...
A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA
D.A. Grimley, L. Daniel, S.W. Kaplan, C.H. Yansa, B. Brandon Curry, E.A. Oches
2009, Journal of Quaternary Science (24) 960-981
The Fulton Section, along the Mississippi River in western Tennessee, USA, is a 1km continuous exposure (~20m vertically) of Quaternary fluvial and lacustrine deposits, inset within Eocene sediments and buried by thick loess. Fossiliferous slackwater lake sediments record maximum aggradation during the last two major glaciations, with deposition between ca....
Preliminary report on the commercial viability of gas production from natural gas hydrates
M.R. Walsh, S.H. Hancock, S.J. Wilson, S.L. Patil, G. J. Moridis, R. Boswell, T. S. Collett, C. A. Koh, E. D. Sloan
2009, Energy Economics (31) 815-823
Economic studies on simulated gas hydrate reservoirs have been compiled to estimate the price of natural gas that may lead to economically viable production from the most promising gas hydrate accumulations. As a first estimate, $CDN2005 12/Mscf is the lowest gas price that would allow economically viable production from gas...
The 2007 southern California wildfires: Lessons in complexity
Jon E. Keeley, H. Safford, C. J. Fotheringham, J. Franklin, M. Moritz
2009, Journal of Forestry (107) 287-296
The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac (∼400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur...
Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky: II. Redistribution of minor and trace elements
M.L.W. Tuttle, G. N. Breit, M. B. Goldhaber
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1565-1578
During weathering, elements enriched in black shale are dispersed in the environment by aqueous and mechanical transport. Here a unique evaluation of the differential release, transport, and fate of Fe and 15 trace elements during progressive weathering of the Devonian New Albany Shale in Kentucky is presented. Results of chemical...
Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild
C.C. Muhlfeld, S.T. Kalinowski, T.E. McMahon, M.L. Taper, S. Painter, R.F. Leary, F.W. Allendorf
2009, Biology Letters (5) 328-331
Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has...
Landbird migration in the American West: Recent progress and future research directions
J.D. Carlisle, S. K. Skagen, B.E. Kus, Charles van Riper III, K.L. Paxton, J.F. Kelly
2009, The Condor (111) 211-225
Our knowledge of avian behaviors during the nonbreeding period still lags behind that of the breeding season, but the last decade has witnessed a proliferation in research that has yielded significant progress in understanding migration patterns of North American birds. And, although historically the great majority of migration research has...
Measurement of soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
W.C. Hockaday, C.A. Masiello, J. T. Randerson, R.J. Smernik, J.A. Baldock, O.A. Chadwick, J.W. Harden
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (114)
The oxidative ratio (OR) of the net ecosystem carbon balance is the ratio of net O2 and CO2 fluxes resulting from photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and other lateral and vertical carbon flows. The OR of the terrestrial biosphere must be well characterized to accurately estimate the terrestrial CO2 sink using atmospheric...
Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of river subsurface solutes under agriculturally enhanced ground water flow
R.A. Wildman Jr., Joseph L. Domagalski, J. G. Hering
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1830-1840
The relative influences of hydrologic processes and biogeochemistry on the transport and retention of minor solutes were compared in the riverbed of the lower Merced River (California, USA). The subsurface of this reach receives ground water discharge and surface water infiltration due to an altered hydraulic setting resulting from agricultural...
Response of the everglades ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th-century water management
C.E. Bernhardt, Debra A. Willard
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1723-1738
The ridge and slough landscape of the Florida Everglades consists of a mosaic of linear sawgrass ridges separated by deeper-water sloughs with tree islands interspersed throughout the landscape. We used pollen assemblages from transects of sediment cores spanning sawgrass ridges, sloughs, and ridge-slough transition zones to determine the timing of...
