Numerical analysis of the performance of rock weirs: Effects of structure configuration on local hydraulics
C. L. Holmquist-Johnson
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
River spanning rock structures are being constructed for water delivery as well as to enable fish passage at barriers and provide or improve the aquatic habitat for endangered fish species. Current design methods are based upon anecdotal information applicable to a narrow range of channel conditions. The complex flow patterns...
Using "big data" to optimally model hydrology and water quality across expansive regions
E.A. Roehl Jr., J.B. Cook, P.A. Conrads
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
This paper describes a new divide and conquer approach that leverages big environmental data, utilizing all available categorical and time-series data without subjectivity, to empirically model hydrologic and water-quality behaviors across expansive regions. The approach decomposes large, intractable problems into smaller ones that are optimally solved; decomposes complex signals into...
Dual-core mass-balance approach for evaluating mercury and210Pb atmospheric fallout and focusing to lakes
P. C. Van Metre, C. C. Fuller
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 26-32
Determining atmospheric deposition rates of mercury and other contaminants using lake sediment cores requires a quantitative understanding of sediment focusing. Here we present a novel approach that solves mass-balance equations for two cores algebraically to estimate contaminant contributions to sediment from direct atmospheric fallout and from watershed and in-lake focusing....
Modeling species occurrence dynamics with multiple states and imperfect detection
D.I. MacKenzie, J.D. Nichols, M.E. Seamans, R. J. Gutierrez
2009, Ecology (90) 823-835
Recent extensions of occupancy modeling have focused not only on the distribution of species over space, but also on additional state variables (e.g., reproducing or not, with or without disease organisms, relative abundance categories) that provide extra information about occupied sites. These biologist-driven extensions are characterized by ambiguity in both...
Russian eruption warning systems for aviation
Christina A. Neal, Olga Girina, Sergey Senyukov, Alexander Rybin, Jeffery M. Osiensky, Pavel Izbekov, Gail Ferguson
2009, Natural Hazards (51) 245-262
More than 65 potentially active volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kurile Islands pose a substantial threat to aircraft on the Northern Pacific (NOPAC), Russian Trans-East (RTE), and Pacific Organized Track System (PACOTS) air routes. The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) monitors and reports on volcanic hazards to...
Features of lava lake filling and draining and their implications for eruption dynamics
W.K. Stovall, Bruce F. Houghton, A.J.L. Harris, D. A. Swanson
2009, Bulletin of Volcanology (71) 767-780
Lava lakes experience filling, circulation, and often drainage depending upon the style of activity and location of the vent. Features formed by these processes have proved difficult to document due to dangerous conditions during the eruption, inaccessibility, and destruction of features during lake drainage. Kilauea Iki lava lake, Kilauea, Hawai'i,...
Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach
S.W. Lansing, S.M. Cooper, E. E. Boydston, K.E. Holekamp
2009, Paleobiology (35) 289-309
The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depo-sitional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens....
Tracking magma volume recovery at Okmok Volcano using GPS and an unscented kalman filter
T. Fournier, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Peter Cervelli
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
Changes beneath a volcano can be observed through position changes in a GPS network, but distinguishing the source of site motion is not always straightforward. The records of continuous GPS sites provide a favorable data set for tracking magma migration. Dense campaign observations usually provide a better spatial picture...
A Multi-Level Approach to Outreach for Geologic Sequestration Projects
S.E. Greenberg, H.E. Leetaru, I.G. Krapac, K. Hnottavange-Telleen, R.J. Finley
2009, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
Public perception of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) projects represents a potential barrier to commercialization. Outreach to stakeholders at the local, regional, and national level is needed to create familiarity with and potential acceptance of CCS projects. This paper highlights the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) multi-level outreach approach which...
Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, I. Stirling, Mette Mauritzen, E.W. Born, O. Wiig, E. Deweaver, Mark C. Serreze, Stanislav Belikov, M.M. Holland, J. Maslanik, Jon Aars, D.A. Bailey, A.E. Derocher
2009, Ecological Monographs (79) 25-58
Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellitecollared polar bears and environmental data (e.g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and...
Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM) III: Scenario analysis
J. A. Huisman, L. Breuer, H. Bormann, A. Bronstert, B.F.W. Croke, H.-G. Frede, T. Graff, L. Hubrechts, A.J. Jakeman, G. Kite, J. Lanini, G. Leavesley, D.P. Lettenmaier, G. Lindstrom, J. Seibert, M. Sivapalan, N.R. Viney, P. Willems
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 159-170
An ensemble of 10 hydrological models was applied to the same set of land use change scenarios. There was general agreement about the direction of changes in the mean annual discharge and 90% discharge percentile predicted by the ensemble members, although a considerable range in the magnitude of predictions for...
Prediction of spectral acceleration response ordinates based on PGA attenuation
V. Graizer, E. Kalkan
2009, Earthquake Spectra (25) 39-69
Developed herein is a new peak ground acceleration (PGA)-based predictive model for 5% damped pseudospectral acceleration (SA) ordinates of free-field horizontal component of ground motion from shallow-crustal earthquakes. The predictive model of ground motion spectral shape (i.e., normalized spectrum) is generated as a continuous function of few parameters. The proposed...
Influence of remediation in a mine-impacted river: Metal trends over large spatial and temporal scales
Michelle I. Hornberger, S. N. Luoma, M.L. Johnson, M. Holyoak
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1522-1535
The effectiveness of mine-waste remediation at the Clark Fork River Superfund site in western Montana, USA, was examined by monitoring metal concentrations in resident biota (caddisfly, Hydropsyche spp.) and bed sediment over a 19-year period. Remediation activities began in 1990 and are ongoing. In the upper 45 km, reduced Cu...
The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America
J. B. Reeves III, D. B. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1472-1481
In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR)...
Flowpath independent monitoring of reductive dechlorination potential in a fractured rock aquifer
P. M. Bradley, P.J. Lacombe, T.E. Imbrigiotta, F. H. Chapelle, D.J. Goode
2009, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (29) 46-55
The flowpath dependent approaches that are typically employed to assess biodegradation of chloroethene contaminants in unconsolidated aquifers are problematic in fractured rock settings, due to difficulties defining discrete groundwater flowpaths in such systems. In this study, the variation in the potential for chloroethene biodegradation with depth...
A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California
M. B. Goldhaber, J.M. Morrison, J.M. Holloway, R. B. Wanty, D.R. Helsel, D. B. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1482-1499
Regional-scale variations in soil geochemistry were investigated in a 20,000-km2 study area in northern California that includes the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, the southern Sacramento Valley and the northern Coast Ranges. Over 1300 archival soil samples collected from the late 1970s to 1980 in El Dorado, Placer, Sutter,...
Paragneiss zircon geochronology and trace element geochemistry, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, western China
C.G. Mattinson, J. L. Wooden, J.X. Zhang, D.K. Bird
2009, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (35) 298-309
In the southeastern part of the North Qaidam terrane, near Dulan, paragneiss hosts minor peridotite and UHP eclogite. Zircon geochronology and trace element geochemistry of three paragneiss samples (located within a ???3 km transect) indicates that eclogite-facies metamorphism resulted in variable degrees of zircon growth and recrystallization in the three...
Spatial and temporal spawning dynamics of native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their hybrids
C.C. Muhlfeld, T.E. McMahon, D. Belcer, J. L. Kershner
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 1153-1168
We used radiotelemetry to assess spatial and temporal spawning distributions of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi; WCT), introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RBT), and their hybrids in the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), from 2000 to 2007. Radio-tagged trout (N = 125) moved...
Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data
James E. Vogelmann, Brian L. Tolk, Zhiliang Zhu
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 1739-1748
Landsat time series data sets were acquired for the Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. This area includes the San Pedro Parks Wilderness area, which was designated as an official wilderness in 1964. Eight autumnal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired from 1988 to 2006 were analyzed to determine...
Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data
E.C. Grunsky, L.J. Drew, D. M. Sutphin
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1602-1616
Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the...
Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades
D.J. Murie, D.C. Parkyn, L.G. Nico, J.J. Herod, W.F. Loftus
2009, Fisheries Management and Ecology (16) 315-322
Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, were sampled in two canal systems in south Florida during 2000-2001 to estimate age, growth and mortality as part of the Everglades ecosystem-restoration effort. Tamiami (C-4) and L-31W canal systems had direct connections to natural wetlands of the Everglades and harboured large Florida gar populations....
Water quality of streams in Johnson County, Kansas, 2002-07
T. J. Rasmussen
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
Water quality of streams in Johnson County, Kansas was evaluated from October 2002 through December 2007 in a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program. Water quality at 42 stream sites, representing urban and rural basins, was characterized by evaluating benthic macroinvertebrates, water...
Water-quality assessment of the largely urban blue river basin, Metropolitan Kansas City, USA, 1998 to 2007
D.H. Wilkison, D.J. Armstrong, S.A. Hampton
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
From 1998 through 2007, over 750 surface-water or bed-sediment samples in the Blue River Basin - a largely urban basin in metropolitan Kansas City - were analyzed for more than 100 anthropogenic compounds. Compounds analyzed included nutrients, fecal-indicator bacteria, suspended sediment, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Non-point source runoff, hydrologic...
Assessing the occurrence and distribution of pyrethroids in water and suspended sediments
M.L. Hladik, K.M. Kuivila
2009, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (57) 9079-9085
The distribution of pyrethroid insecticides in the environment was assessed by separately measuring concentrations in the dissolved and suspended sediment phases of surface water samples. Filtered water was extracted by HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges, while the sediment on the filter was sonicated and cleaned up using carbon and aluminum cartridges....
Identifying and prioritizing ungulate migration routes for landscape-level conservation
H. Sawyer, M. J. Kauffman, R. M. Nielson, J. S. Horne
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 2016-2025
As habitat loss and fragmentation increase across ungulate ranges, identifying and prioritizing migration routes for conservation has taken on new urgency. Here we present a general framework using the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) that: (1) provides a probabilistic estimate of the migration routes of a sampled population, (2) distinguishes...
