Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations
P. Spudich, Joe B. Fletcher
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1898-1914
The 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Mw 6.0) and four aftershocks (Mw 4.7-5.1) were recorded on 12 accelerograph stations of the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield seismic array (UPSAR), an array of three-component accelerographs occupying an area of about 1 km2 located 8.8 km from the San Andreas fault. Peak...
Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird
M. Massaro, A. Starling-Windhof, J.V. Briskie, T. E. Martin
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extension of many birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed...
Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps
F.L. Benevides Jr., H. Hansen, S.C. Hess
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1434-1436
Frequent checks of live traps require enormous amounts of labor and add human scents associated with repeated monitoring, which may reduce capture efficiency. To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from...
Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range
S.J. Smith, David M. Leslie Jr., M.J. Hamilton, Justin B. Lack, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 799-814
Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and...
Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: Constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin
R.B. Perkins, D.Z. Piper, C.E. Mason
2008, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (265) 14-29
The hydrography of the Appalachian Basin in late Devonian-early Mississippian time is modeled based on the geochemistry of black shales and constrained by others' paleogeographic reconstructions. The model supports a robust exchange of basin bottom water with the open ocean, with residence times of less than forty years during deposition...
Citronelle Dome: A giant opportunity for multizone carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of Alabama
R.A. Esposito, J.C. Pashin, P.M. Walsh
2008, Environmental Geosciences (15) 53-62
The Citronelle Dome is a giant, salt-cored anticline in the eastern Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of southern Alabama that is located near several large-scale, stationary, carbon-emitting sources in the greater Mobile area. The dome forms an elliptical, four-way structural closure containing opportunities for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and large-capacity saline...
Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA
J.K. Turk, B.R. Goforth, R.C. Graham, K.J. Kendrick
2008, Geoderma (146) 157-165
Soils on a series of debris flow deposits, ranging from < 1 to 244??years old, were described and sampled in order to investigate the early stages of soil development. The parent material at the site is debris flow regolith, composed mainly of gneiss, the soil moisture regime is xeric, and...
Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, macrochelys temminckii, on the western edge of its distribution
J.D. Riedle, P.A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, J.C. Hackler, D.M. Lesie Jr.
2008, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (7) 100-104
A mark-recapture project on Macrochelys temminckii was conducted between 1997 and 2000 at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, Muskogee and Sequoyah counties, in eastern Oklahoma. Turtles were captured in all streams and exhibited equal sex ratios, marked sexual-size dimorphism, and population densities between 28 and 34 animals per km stretch of...
Magnetic monitoring of earth and space
Jeffrey J. Love
2008, Physics Today (61) 31-37
For centuries, navigators of the world’s oceans have been familiar with an effect of Earth’s magnetic field: It imparts a directional preference to the needle of a compass. Although in some settings magnetic orientation remains important, the modern science of geomagnetismhas emerged from its romantic nautical origins and developed into a subject of great depth and...
A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources
M. J. Focazio, D.W. Kolpin, K.K. Barnes, E. T. Furlong, M. T. Meyer, S.D. Zaugg, L. B. Barber, M.E. Thurman
2008, Science of the Total Environment (402) 201-216
Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about...
Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA
L.R. Stevens, W.E. Dean
2008, Quaternary International (188) 139-148
A 2460-year-long hydroclimatic record for Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Montana was constructed from the ??18O values of endogenic carbonates. The ??18O record is compared to the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, as well as inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River. During the last...
Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, S.M. Pelkey, B.L. Ehlmann, R.E. Milliken, J. A. Grant, J.-P. Bibring, F. Poulet, J. Bishop, E. N. Dobrea, L. Roach, F. Seelos, R. E. Arvidson, S. Wiseman, R. Green, C. Hash, D. Humm, E. Malaret, J.A. McGovern, K. Seelos, T. Clancy, R. Clark, D. des Marais, N. Izenberg, A. Knudson, Y. Langevin, T. Martin, P. McGuire, Robert Morris, M. Robinson, T. Roush, M. Smith, G. Swayze, H. Taylor, T. Titus, M. Wolff
2008, Nature (454) 305-309
Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument1,<a id="ref-link-abstract-2" title="Poulet, F. et...
Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population
D.L. DeAngelis, Jennifer M. Koslow, J. Jiang, S. Ruan
2008, Theoretical Population Biology (74) 191-198
The model presented here modifies a susceptible-infected (SI) host-pathogen model to determine the influence of mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Both deterministic and stochastic (individual-based) versions of the model were used. This model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the rate of spread...
Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis
Charles Rhoades, Dan Binkley, Hlynur Oskarsson, Robert Stottlemyer
2008, Écoscience (15) 223-230
Nitrogen enters terrestrial ecosystems through multiple pathways during primary succession. We measured accumulation of total soil nitrogen and changes in inorganic nitrogen (N) pools across a 300-y sequence of river terraces in northwest Alaska and assessed the contribution of the nitrogen-fixing shrub Shepherdia canadensis. Our work compared 5 stages of floodplain...
Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River
J. J. Steuer, T.J. Newton, S. J. Zigler
2008, Hydrobiologia (610) 67-82
Previous attempts to predict the importance of abiotic and biotic factors to unionids in large rivers have been largely unsuccessful. Many simple physical habitat descriptors (e.g., current velocity, substrate particle size, and water depth) have limited ability to predict unionid density. However, more recent studies have found that complex hydraulic...
Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan
R. Ikeda, T. Kajiwara, K. Omura, S. Hickman
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (175) 13-19
The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the...
Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida
C.P. Nadeau, C.J. Conway, B.S. Smith, T.E. Lewis
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 513-518
We conducted 262 call-broadcast point-count surveys (1-6 replicate surveys on each of 62 points) using standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols between 31 May and 7 July 2006 on St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge, an island off the northwest coast of Florida. We conducted double-blind multiple-observer surveys, paired morning...
Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA
J. C. Brock, M. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, C. W. Wright, A. Nayegandhi
2008, Coral Reefs (27) 555-568
A portion of the northern Florida Keys reef tract was mapped with the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) and the morphology of patch reefs was related to variations in Holocene sea level. Following creation of a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), geospatial analyses delineated morphologic attributes of 1,034...
Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska
C. Schardt, G. Garven, K.D. Kelley, D. L. Leach
2008, Mineralium Deposita (43) 735-757
The Red Dog ore deposit district in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska is host to several high-grade, shale-hosted Zn + Pb deposits. Due to the complex history and deformation of these ore deposits, the geological and hydrological conditions at the time of formation are poorly understood. Using geological observations...
The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater
L. Alessa, A. Kliskey, R. Lammers, C. Arp, D. White, L. Hinzman, R. Busey
2008, Environmental Management (42) 523-541
People in the Arctic face uncertainty in their daily lives as they contend with environmental changes at a range of scales from local to global. Freshwater is a critical resource to people, and although water resource indicators have been developed that operate from regional to global scales and for midlatitude...
The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments
B.A. Pellerin, W. M. Wollheim, X. Feng, C.J. Vororsmarty
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 1810-1818
Two-component hydrograph separation was performed on 19 low-to-moderate intensity rainfall events in a 4.1-km2 urban watershed to infer the relative and absolute contribution of surface runoff (e.g. new water) to stormflow generation between 2001 and 2003. The electrical conductivity (EC) of water was used as a continuous and inexpensive tracer,...
Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility
D.B. Buchwalter, D.J. Cain, C.A. Martin, Lingtian Xie, S. N. Luoma, T. Garland Jr.
2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (105) 8321-8326
We used a phylogenetically based comparative approach to evaluate the potential for physiological studies to reveal patterns of diversity in traits related to susceptibility to an environmental stressor, the trace metal cadmium (Cd). Physiological traits related to Cd bioaccumulation, compartmentalization, and ultimately susceptibility were measured in 21 aquatic insect species...
Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study
A. Horvath, W.R. Wayman, J.C. Dean, B. Urbanyi, T.R. Tiersch, S.D. Mims, D. Johnson, J.A. Jenkins
2008, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (24) 443-449
Populations of sturgeon across the globe are threatened due to unregulated harvest and habitat loss, and the status varies among species across North America. Ready access to viable and functional sperm would contribute to recovery programmes for these species. In this study, we examined the motility, viability (cell membrane integrity)...
A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data
C. Whitlock, W. Dean, J. Rosenbaum, L. Stevens, S. Fritz, B. Bracht, M. Power
2008, Quaternary International (188) 126-138
Geochemical, stable-isotope, pollen, charcoal, and diatom records were analyzed at high-resolution in cores obtained from Crevice Lake, a varved-sediment lake in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to reconstruct the ecohydrologic, vegetation, and fire history of the watershed for the last 2650 years to better understand past climate variations...
The wister mud pot lineament: Southeastward extension or abandoned strand of the San Andreas fault?
D.K. Lynch, K.W. Hudnut
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 1720-1729
We present the results of a survey of mud pots in the Wister Unit of the Imperial Wildlife Area. Thirty-three mud pots, pot clusters, or related geothermal vents (hundreds of pots in all) were identified, and most were found to cluster along a northwest-trending line that is more or less...
