Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, and Utah)
Bradley S. Van Gosen
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1095
This map and its accompanying dataset provide information for 113 natural asbestos occurrences in the Southwestern United States (U.S.), using descriptions found in the geologic literature. Data on location, mineralogy, geology, and relevant literature for each asbestos site are provided. Using the map and digital data in this report, the...
Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs
Robert W. Gale, Thomas W. May, Carl E. Orazio, Michael J. McKee
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1028
This report presents the results of a study to determine polychlorinated biphenyl, organochlorine pesticide, and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in selected fishes from lakes and streams across Missouri. Fillets were collected from each fish sample, and after homogenization, compositing, and preparation, analyte concentrations were determined with dual column...
Concentration and spatial distribution of selected constituents in Detroit River bed sediment adjacent to Grassy Island, Michigan, August 2006
C. J. Hoard
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1016
In August 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, collected sediment?core samples from the bed of the Detroit River adjacent to Grassy Island. The goal of the sampling was to assess the distribution and concentration of chemical constituents in sediment adjacent to Grassy...
Factors Affecting Nitrate Delivery to Streams from Shallow Ground Water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain
Stephen L. Harden, Timothy B. Spruill
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5021
An analysis of data collected at five flow-path study sites between 1997 and 2006 was performed to identify the factors needed to formulate a comprehensive program, with a focus on nitrogen, for protecting ground water and surface water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Water-quality protection in the Coastal Plain...
Clear-Water Contraction Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain in Alabama, 2006
K.G. Lee, T.S. Hedgecock
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5260
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation, made observations of clear-water contraction scour at 25 bridge sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain of Alabama. These bridge sites consisted of 54 hydraulic structures, of which 37 have measurable scour holes. Observed scour...
NetpathXL - An excel interface to the program NETPATH
David L. Parkhurst, Scott R. Charlton
2008, Techniques and Methods 6-A26
NetpathXL is a revised version of NETPATH that runs under Windows? operating systems. NETPATH is a computer program that uses inverse geochemical modeling techniques to calculate net geochemical reactions that can account for changes in water composition between initial and final evolutionary waters in hydrologic systems. The inverse models also...
Guide to the Revised Ground-Water Flow and Heat Transport Simulator: HYDROTHERM - Version 3
Kenneth L. Kipp, Paul A. Hsieh, Scott R. Charlton
2008, Techniques and Methods 6-A25
The HYDROTHERM computer program simulates multi-phase ground-water flow and associated thermal energy transport in three dimensions. It can handle high fluid pressures, up to 1 ? 109 pascals (104 atmospheres), and high temperatures, up to 1,200 degrees Celsius. This report documents the release of Version 3, which includes various additions,...
SEAWAT Version 4: A Computer Program for Simulation of Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport
Christian D. Langevin, Daniel T. Thorne Jr., Alyssa M. Dausman, Michael C. Sukop, Weixing Guo
2008, Techniques and Methods 6-A22
The SEAWAT program is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate three-dimensional, variable-density, saturated ground-water flow. Flexible equations were added to the program to allow fluid density to be calculated as a function of one or more MT3DMS species. Fluid density may also be calculated as a...
Ground-Water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2006
Elizabeth A. Nystrom
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1086
Water samples were collected from 27 wells from August through November 2006 to characterize ground-water quality in the Mohawk River Basin. The Mohawk River Basin covers 3,500 square miles in central New York; most of the basin is underlain by sedimentary bedrock, including shale, sandstone, and carbonates. Sand and gravel...
Fast, Inclusive Searches for Geographic Names Using Digraphs
David I. Donato
2008, Techniques and Methods 7-A1
An algorithm specifies how to quickly identify names that approximately match any specified name when searching a list or database of geographic names. Based on comparisons of the digraphs (ordered letter pairs) contained in geographic names, this algorithmic technique identifies approximately matching names by applying an artificial but useful measure...
Estimating the Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State
Lonna M. Frans
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5025
Logistic regression was used to relate anthropogenic (manmade) and natural variables to the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water in Washington State. Variables that were analyzed included well depth, ground-water recharge rate, precipitation, population density, fertilizer application amounts, soil characteristics, hydrogeomorphic regions, and land-use types. Two models were...
Flow Durations, Low-Flow Frequencies, and Monthly Median Flows for Selected Streams in Connecticut through 2005
Elizabeth A. Ahearn
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5270
Flow durations, low-flow frequencies, and monthly median streamflows were computed for 91 continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut with 10 or more years of record. Flow durations include the 99-, 98-, 97-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 25-, 20-, 10-, 5-, and 1-percent exceedances. Low-flow frequencies...
Lithofacies, Age, and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Carboniferous Lisburne Group in the Skimo Creek Area, Central Brooks Range
Julie A. Dumoulin, Michael T. Whalen, Anita G. Harris
2008, Professional Paper 1739-B
The Lisburne Group, a mainly Carboniferous carbonate succession that is widely distributed across northern Alaska, contains notable amounts of oil and gas at Prudhoe Bay. Detailed studies of the Lisburne in the Skimo Creek area, central Brooks Range, delineate its lithofacies, age, conodont biofacies, depositional environments, and sequence stratigraphy and...
Characterization of estuary use by Nisqually Hatchery Chinook based on Otolith analysis
Angie M. Lind-Null, Kim A. Larsen, Reg Reisenbichler
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1102
INTRODUCTION The Nisqually Fall Chinook population is one of 27 stocks in the Puget Sound evolutionarily significant unit listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Preservation and extensive restoration of the Nisqually delta ecosystem are planned to assist in recovery of the stock. A pre-restoration baseline including life...
Basic Statistical Concepts and Methods for Earth Scientists
Ricardo A. Olea
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1017
INTRODUCTION Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, modeling, and displaying masses of numerical data primarily for the characterization and understanding of incompletely known systems. Over the years, these objectives have lead to a fair amount of analytical work to achieve, substantiate, and guide descriptions and inferences....
Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States
Christopher Daly, Michael Halbleib, Joseph I. Smith, Wayne P. Gibson, Matthew K. Doggett, George H. Taylor, Jan Curtis, Phil Pasteris
2008, International Journal of Climatology (28) 2031-2064
Spatial climate data sets of 1971–2000 mean monthly precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature were developed for the conterminous United States. These 30‐arcsec (∼800‐m) grids are the official spatial climate data sets of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The PRISM (Parameter‐elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model) interpolation method was used...
Advancing process‐based watershed hydrological research using near‐surface geophysics: A vision for, and review of, electrical and magnetic geophysical methods
D.A. Robinson, A. Binley, N. Crook, F. D. Day-Lewis, T. P. A Ferre, V. J. S. Grauch, R. Knight, M. Knoll, V. Lakshmi, R. Miller, J. Nyquist, L. Pellerin, K. Singha, L. Slater
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 3604-3635
We want to develop a dialogue between geophysicists and hydrologists interested in synergistically advancing process based watershed research. We identify recent advances in geophysical instrumentation, and provide a vision for the use of electrical and magnetic geophysical instrumentation in watershed scale hydrology. The focus of the paper is to identify...
GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 15
Jill Maxwell, Kevin Gergely, Jocelyn Aycrigg, Gabrielle Canonico, Anne Davidson, Nicole Coffey
2008, GAP Bulletin 15
The Mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP) <http://gapanalysis.nbii.gov> is to promote conservation by providing broad geographic information on biological diversity to resource managers, planners, and policy makers who can use the information to make informed decisions. As part of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) <http://www.nbii.gov>?a collaborative program to...
Algal Attributes: An Autecological Classification of Algal Taxa Collected by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Stephen D. Porter
2008, Data Series 329
Algae are excellent indicators of water-quality conditions, notably nutrient and organic enrichment, and also are indicators of major ion, dissolved oxygen, and pH concentrations and stream microhabitat conditions. The autecology, or physiological optima and tolerance, of algal species for various water-quality contaminants and conditions is relatively well understood for certain...
Head Observation Organizer (HObO)
Steven Predmore
2008, Open-File Report 2007-1383
The Head Observation Organizer, HObO, is a computer program that stores and manages measured ground-water levels. HObO was developed to help ground-water modelers compile, manage, and document water-level data needed to calibrate ground-water models. Well-construction and water-level data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Database (NWIS) easily can be...
Hydrogeology and water quality of the Leetown area, West Virginia
Mark D. Kozar, Kurt J. McCoy, David J. Weary, Malcolm S. Field, Herbert A. Pierce, William Bane Schill, John A. Young
2008, Open-File Report 2007-1358
The U.S. Geological Survey’s Leetown Science Center and the co-located U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture both depend on large volumes of cold clean ground water to support research operations at their facilities. Currently, ground-water demands are provided by three springs and two standby...
Determination of premining geochemical background and delineation of extent of sediment contamination in Blue Creek downstream from Midnite Mine, Stevens County, Washington
Stan E. Church, Frederick E. Kirschner, LaDonna M. Choate, Paul J. Lamothe, James R. Budahn, Zoe Ann Brown
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5262
Geochemical and radionuclide studies of sediment recovered from eight core sites in the Blue Creek flood plain and Blue Creek delta downstream in Lake Roosevelt provided a stratigraphic geochemical record of the contamination from uranium mining at the Midnite Mine. Sediment recovered from cores in a wetland immediately downstream from...
Infiltration and Runoff Measurements on Steep Burned Hillslopes Using a Rainfall Simulator with Variable Rain Intensities
David A. Kinner, John A. Moody
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5211
Multiple rainfall intensities were used in rainfall-simulation experiments designed to investigate the infiltration and runoff from 1-square-meter plots on burned hillslopes covered by an ash layer of varying thickness. The 1-square-meter plots were on north- and south-facing hillslopes in an area burned by the Overland fire northwest of Boulder near...
Calibration of a water-quality model for low-flow conditions on the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, 2003
Robert F. Lundgren, Rochelle A. Nustad
2008, Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5007
A time-of-travel and reaeration-rate study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the cities of Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, to provide information to calibrate a water-quality model for streamflows of less than 150...
On phytoplankton trends
Victor Smetacek, James E. Cloern
2008, Science (319) 1346-1348
Phytoplankton—unicellular algae in the surface layer of lakes and oceans—fuel the lacustrine and marine food chains and play a key role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. How will rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the air and surface ocean in turn affect phytoplankton? Answering this question is...
