Local variations in broadband sensor installations: Orientations, sensitivities, and noise levels
Adam T. Ringler, Robert E. Anthony
2022, Pure and Applied Geophysics (179) 217-231
As seismologists continue to place more stringent demands on data quality, accurately described metadata are becoming increasingly important. In order to better constrain the orientation and sensitivities of seismometers deployed in U.S. Geological Survey networks, the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) has recently begun identifying true north...
An evaluation of the timing accuracy of global and regional seismic stations and networks
Ying Yang, Xiaodong Song, Adam T. Ringler
2022, Seismological Research Letters (93) 161-172
Clock accuracy is a basic parameter of any seismic station and has become increasingly important for seismology as the community seeks to refine structures and dynamic processes of the Earth. In this study, we measure the arrival time differences of moderate repeating earthquakes with magnitude...
Riverscape approaches in practice: Perspectives and applications
Christian E. Torgersen, Celine Le Pichon, Aimee H. Fullerton, Stephen J. Dugdale, Jeffrey J. Duda, Floriane Giovannini, Evelyne Tales, Jerome Belliard, Paulo Branco, Normand E. Bergeron, Mathieu L. Roy, Diego Tonolla, Nicolas Lamouroux, Herve Capra, Colden V. Baxter
2022, Biological Reviews (97) 481-504
Landscape perspectives in riverine ecology have been undertaken increasingly in the last 30 years, leading aquatic ecologists to develop a diverse set of approaches for conceptualizing, mapping and understanding ‘riverscapes’. Spatiotemporally explicit perspectives of rivers and their biota nested within the socio-ecological landscape now provide guiding principles...
Time to get real with qPCR controls: The frequency of sample contamination and the informative power of negative controls in environmental DNA studies
Patrick Ross Hutchins, Leah Nicole Simantel, Adam Sepulveda
2022, Molecular Ecology Resources (22) 1319-1329
Environmental (e)DNA methods have enabled rapid, sensitive and specific inferences of taxa presence throughout diverse fields of ecological study. However, use of eDNA results for decision-making has been impeded by uncertainties associated with false positive tests putatively caused by sporadic or systemic contamination. Sporadic contamination is...
Proportions, timing, and re-equilibration progress during the 1959 Summit Eruption of Kīlauea: An example of magma mixing processes operating during OIB petrogenesis
Rosalind L. Helz
2022, Journal of Petrology (63)
Petrographic and chemical analysis of scoria samples collected during the 1959 Kīlauea summit eruption illustrates the progress of thermal and chemical homogenization of the melts, and the gradual growth and/or re-equilibration of olivine phenocrysts, over the course of the eruption. Glass compositions show that thermal equilibration was largely complete...
Reply to “comment on ‘which earthquake accounts matter?’ by Susan E. Hough and Stacey S. Martin” by David J. Wald
Susan E. Hough, Stacey S. Martin
2022, Seismological Research Letters (93) 506-511
We thank David Wald (Wald, 2021; henceforth, W21) for his interest in our recent article (Hough and Martin, 2021; henceforth, HM21). Although different perspectives are vital in science, we are concerned that W21 misrepresents HM21 as an oblique criticism of the U.S....
A simple low-cost approach for transport parameter determination in mountain rivers
Daniella Castillo, Robert L. Runkel, Denisse Duhalde, Pablo Pasten, José L. Arumí, Jorge Oyarzun, Jorge Núñez, Hugo Maturana, Ricardo Oyarzun
2022, River Research and Applications (38) 173-181
A simplified low-cost approach to experimentally determine transport parameters in mountain rivers is described, with an emphasis on the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (DL). The approach is based on a slug injection of table salt (NaCl) as a tracer and specific conductance readings at different locations downstream of the injection spot....
Comment on “Which earthquake accounts matter” by Susan E. Hough and Stacey S. Martin
David J. Wald
2022, Seismological Research Letters (93) 500-505
In their analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) data Hough and Martin (2021) claim, among other assertions, that the following:Socioeconomic and geopolitical factors can introduce biases in the USGS’ characterization of earthquakes and their effects, especially if online data collection systems...
Estimating abundance, temporary emigration and the pattern of density dependence in a cyclic snowshoe hare population in Yukon, Canada
Madan K. Oli, Alice J Kenny, Rudy Boonstra, Stan Boutin, Vratika Chaudhary, James E. Hines, Charles J Krebs
2022, Canadian Journal of Zoology (100) 36-45
Estimates of demographic parameters based on capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods may be biased when some individuals in the population are temporarily unavailable for capture (temporary emigration). We estimated snowshoe hare abundance, apparent survival, and probability of temporary emigration in a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben 1777) in...
Magmatism, migrating topography, and the transition from Sevier shortening to Basin and Range extension, western United States
Jens-Erik Lundstern, Elizabeth L. Miller
2022, GSA Special Papers (555)
The paleogeographic evolution of the western U.S. Great Basin from the Late Cretaceous to the Cenozoic is critical to understanding how the North American Cordillera at this latitude transitioned from Mesozoic shortening...
Does restoration of plant diversity trigger concomitant soil microbiome changes in dryland ecosystems?
Ben Yang, Kathleen R. Balazs, Bradley J. Butterfield, Katherine M. Laushman, Seth M. Munson, Elise S. Gornish, Albert Barberan
2022, Journal of Applied Ecology (59) 560-573
Drylands are highly vulnerable to land degradation, and despite increasing efforts, restoration success remains low. Although often ignored in the design and deployment of management strategies, soil microbial communities might be critical for dryland restoration due to their central role in promoting soil stability, nutrient cycling and plant establishment.We...
Evaluation of intensity prediction equations (IPEs) for small-magnitude earthquakes
Ganyu Teng, Jack W. Baker, David J. Wald
2022, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (112) 316-330
This study assesses existing intensity prediction equations (IPEs) for small unspecified magnitude (M ≤3.5) earthquakes at short hypocentral distances (Dh) and explores such earthquakes’ contribution to the felt...
Seasonality of solute flux and water source chemistry in a coastal glacierized watershed undergoing rapid change: Wolverine Glacier watershed, Alaska
Anna Bergstrom, Joshua C. Koch, Shad O'Neel, Emily Baker
2022, Water Resources Research (57)
As glaciers around the world rapidly lose mass, the tight coupling between glaciers and downstream ecosystems is resulting in widespread impacts on global hydrologic and biogeochemical cycling. However, a range of challenges make it difficult to conduct research in glacierized systems and our knowledge of seasonally changing hydrologic processes and...
Natural inactivation of MS2, poliovirus type 1 and Cryptosporidium parvum in an anaerobic and reduced aquifer
John T. Lisle, Geroge Lukasic
2022, Journal of Applied Microbiology (132) 2464-2474
AimsThe study of microbial inactivation rates in aquifer systems has most often been determined in aerobic and oxidized systems. This study examined the inactivation (i.e. loss of infectivity) of MS2, poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and Cryptosporidium parvum in an anaerobic and reduced groundwater system that has been identified as...
Tree mortality response to drought-density interactions suggests opportunities to enhance drought resistance
John B. Bradford, Robert K Shriver, Marcos D. Robles, Lisa A McCauley, Caitlin M. Andrews, Michael A. Crimmins, David M. Bell
2022, Journal of Applied Ecology. (59) 549-559
The future of dry forests around the world is uncertain given predictions that rising temperatures and enhanced aridity will increase drought-induced tree mortality. Using forest management and ecological restoration to reduce density and competition for water offers one of the few pathways that forests managers can potentially minimize drought-induced tree...
Selective host attachment by Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae): Tick-lizard associations in the southeastern United States
Howard Ginsberg, Graham J. Hickling, Genevieve Pang, Jean I. Tsao, Meghan Fitzgerald, Breann Ross, Eric L. Rulison, Russell L. Burke
2022, Journal of Medical Entomology (59) 267-272
Questing behavior and host associations of immature blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, from the southeastern United States are known to differ from those in the north. To elucidate these relationships we describe host associations of larval and nymphal I. scapularis from 8 lizard species sampled from 5 sites in the southeastern U.S. Larvae and...
Bankfull shear velocity predicts embeddedness and silt cover in gravel streambeds
Jonathan A. Czuba, Mallory Hirschler, Elizabeth A. Pratt, Amy Villamagna, Paul L. Angermeier
2022, River Research and Applications (38) 59-68
Excess fine sediment (<2 mm) deposition on gravel streambeds can degrade habitat quality for stream biota. Two measures of fine sediment deposition include embeddedness and silt cover (<62.5 μm). Embeddedness measures fine sediment in interstitial pore spaces, whereas silt cover, primarily deposited during low flows, measures fine sediment draped on the streambed's...
Techniques to improve ecological interpretability of black box machine learning models
Thomas Welchowski, Kelly O. Maloney, Richard M. Mitchell, Matthias Schmid
2022, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (27) 175-197
Statistical modeling of ecological data is often faced with a large number of variables as well as possible nonlinear relationships and higher-order interaction effects. Gradient boosted trees (GBT) have been successful in addressing these issues and have shown a good predictive performance in modeling nonlinear relationships, in particular in classification settings with...
Bayesian modeling can facilitate adaptive management in restoration
Cara Applestein, T. Trevor Caughlin, Matthew J. Germino
2022, Restoration Ecology (30)
There is an urgent need for near-term predictions of ecological restoration outcomes despite imperfect knowledge of ecosystems. Restoration outcomes are always uncertain but integrating Bayesian modeling into the process of adaptive management allows researchers and practitioners to explicitly incorporate prior knowledge of ecosystems into future predictions. Although barriers exist, employing...
Recursive Bayesian computation facilitates adaptive optimal design in ecological studies
Clinton B. Leach, William J. Perry, Joseph M. Eisaguirre, Jamie N. Womble, Michael R. Bower, Mevin Hooten
2022, Ecology (103)
Optimal design procedures provide a framework to leverage the learning generated by ecological models to flexibly and efficiently deploy future monitoring efforts. At the same time, Bayesian hierarchical models have become widespread in ecology and offer a rich set of tools for ecological learning and...
Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy
William R. Selbig, Steven P. Loheid II, William Schuster, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Robert C. Coville, James Kruegler, William Avery, Ralph J. Haefner, David Nowak
2022, Science of the Total Environment (806)
Trees in the urban right-of-way areas have increasingly been considered part of a suite of green infrastructure practices used to manage stormwater runoff. A paired-catchment experimental design (with street tree removal as the treatment) was used to assess how street trees affect major hydrologic fluxes in a typical residential stormwater...
Accuracy of histology, endoscopy, ultrasonography, and plasma sex steroids in describing the population reproductive structure of hatchery-origin and wild white sturgeon
Paige A. C. Maskill, James A. Crossman, Molly A. H. Webb, Marco M. Marrello, Christopher S. Guy
2022, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (38) 3-16
Hatchery-origin white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the lower Columbia River, Canada are approaching puberty, and describing the reproductive structure of the population is critical to determine if they are capable of contributing to spawning events in the wild, a key management uncertainty. Few studies have compared the accuracy of available tools (histology,...
Tracking the desert's edge with a Pleistocene relict
Benjamin T. Wilder, Amanda T. Becker, Adrian Munguia-Vega, Melanie Culver
2022, Journal of Arid Environments (196)
In addition to the Sky Islands of the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico, a series of 900–1200 m desert peaks surrounded by arid lowlands support temperate affiliated species at their summits. The presence of disjunct long-lived plant taxa on under-explored desert mountains, especially Isla Tiburón at 29° latitude in the Gulf of California, suggests a more...
Tectonic influence on axial-transverse sediment routing in the Denver Basin
Glenn R Sharman, Daniel F. Stockli, Peter Flaig, Robert Raynolds, Marieke Dechesne, Jacob A Covault
2022, Book chapter, Tectonic evolution of the Sevier-Laramide hinterland, thrust belt, and foreland, and postorogenic slab rollback (180–20 Ma)
Detrital zircon U-Pb and (U-Th)/He ages from latest Cretaceous–Eocene strata of the Denver Basin provide novel insights into evolving sediment sourcing, recycling, and dispersal patterns during deposition in an intracontinental foreland basin. In total, 2464 U-Pb and 78 (U-Th)/He analyses of detrital zircons from 21 sandstone samples are presented from...
The role of preexisting upper plate strike-slip faults during long-lived (ca. 30 Myr) oblique flat slab subduction, southern Alaska
Trevor Waldien, Richard O. Lease, Sarah Roeske, Jeff Benowitz, Paul O'Sullivan
2022, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (557)
Upper plates of subduction zones commonly respond to flat slab subduction by structural reactivation, magmatic arc disruption, and foreland basin inversion. However, the role of active strike-slip faults in focusing convergent deformation and magmatism in response to oblique flat slab subduction remains...
