Factors affecting staff support of a voluntary nonlead ammunition outreach program
J. H. Schulz, S. A. Wilhelm Stanis, Christine Jie Li, Mark Morgan, Elisabeth B. Webb
2022, Applied Environmental Education and Communication (21) 55-72
Lead poisoning from ingestion of bullet fragments in gut piles and unretrieved deer carcasses continues to cause mortality in bald eagles. To address this issue, the Midwest region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) initiated an outreach program during 2016–2018 encouraging hunters to voluntarily use nonlead ammunition while...
Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing
Heather L. Throop, Seth M. Munson, Nicole Hornslein, Mitchel P McClaran
2022, Arid Land Research and Management (36) 27-46
Dryland (arid and semi-arid) ecosystems globally provide more than half of livestock production and store roughly one-third of soil organic carbon (SOC). Biogeochemical pools are changing due to shrub encroachment, livestock grazing, and climate change. We assessed how vegetation microsite, grazing, and precipitation interacted to affect SOC and total nitrogen...
ShakeMap operations, policies, and procedures
David J. Wald, Charles Worden, Eric M. Thompson, Mike Hearne
2022, Earthquake Spectra (38) 756-777
The US Geological Survey’s ShakeMap is used domestically and globally for post-earthquake emergency management and response, engineering analyses, financial instruments, and other decision-making activities. Recent developments in the insurance, reinsurance, and catastrophe bond sectors link payouts of potentially hundreds of millions of dollars to ShakeMap products. Similarly, building codes, post-earthquake...
Multivariate Bayesian clustering using covariate-informed components with application to boreal vegetation sensitivity
Henry R. Scharf, Ann M. Raiho, Sierra Pugh, Carl A. Roland, David K. Swanson, Sarah E. Stehn, Mevin Hooten
2022, Biometrics (78) 1427-1440
Climate change is impacting both the distribution and abundance of vegetation, especially in far northern latitudes. The effects of climate change are different for every plant assemblage and vary heterogeneously in both space and time. Small changes in climate could result in large vegetation responses in sensitive assemblages but weak...
Short communication: evidence for geologic control of rip channels along Prince Edward Island, Canada
Phillipe Alan Wernette, Chris Houser
2022, Physical Geography (43) 145-162
Rip currents can move unsuspecting swimmers offshore rapidly and represent a significant risk to beach users worldwide, including along the northern coast of Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Although many rip currents are ephemeral and/or spatially variable in response to changes in the nearshore bar morphology and wave and tidal...
Eye lenses reveal ontogenetic trophic and habitat shifts in an imperiled fish, Clear Lake hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi)
Matthew J. Young, Veronica L. Violette, Justin Kinsey Clause, Miranda Bell-Tilcock, George Whitman, Rachel C. Johnson, Frederick V. Feyrer
2022, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (79) 21-30
Stable isotopes recorded in fish eye lenses are an emerging tool to track dietary shifts coincident with use of diverse habitats over the lifetime of individuals. Eye lenses are metabolically inert, sequentially deposited, archival tissues that can open avenues to chronicle contaminant exposures, diet histories, trophic dynamics and migratory histories...
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy
James E. Diffendorfer, Jessica C. Stanton, Julie A. Beston, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Scott R. Loss, Todd E. Katzner, Douglas H. Johnson, Richard A. Erickson, Matthew D. Merrill, Margo D. Corum
2022, Ecosphere (12)
A central challenge in applied ecology is understanding the effect of anthropogenic fatalities on wildlife populations and predicting which populations may be particularly vulnerable and in greatest need of management attention. We used 3 approaches to investigate potential effects of fatalities from collisions with wind turbines on 14 raptor species...
Material properties and triggering mechanisms of an andesitic lava dome collapse at Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, revealed using the finite element method
Cory S Wallace, Lauren N. Schaefer, Marlène C. Villeneuve
2022, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (55) 2711-2728
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) is an active andesitic volcano with a history of explosive activity, dome extrusion, and structural collapse during the Holocene. The most recent major (> 1 km3) dome collapse occurred in November 1964, producing a ~ 1.5 km3 debris avalanche that traveled over 15 km from the vent and triggered...
Genomic signatures of thermal adaptation are associated with clinal shifts of life history in a broadly distributed frog
Hugo Cayuela, Yann Dorant, Brenna R. Forester, Dan L Jeffries, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A Eby, Blake R. Hossack, Jérôme M W Gippet, David S. Pilliod, W Chris Funk
2022, Journal of Animal Ecology (91) 1222-1238
Temperature is a critical driver of ectotherm life-history strategies, whereby a warmer environment is associated with increased growth, reduced longevity and accelerated senescence. Increasing evidence indicates that thermal adaptation may underlie such life-history shifts in wild populations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) can help uncover...
Estimating the influence of oyster reef chains on freshwater detention at the estuary scale using Landsat-8 imagery
Alice Alonso, Natalie G. Nelson, Simeon Yurek, David Kaplan, Maitane Olabarrieta, Peter C Frederick
2022, Estuaries and Coasts (45) 1-16
Oyster reef chains grow in response to local hydrodynamics and can redirect flows, particularly when reef chains grow perpendicular to freshwater flow paths. Singularly, oyster reef chains can act as porous dams that may facilitate nearshore accumulation of fresh or low-salinity water, in turn creating intermediate...
Atlantic sturgeon status and movement ecology in an extremely small spawning habitat: The Nanticoke River-Marshyhope Creek, Chesapeake Bay
D. H. Secor, M. H. P. O’Brien, N. Coleman, A. Horne, I. Park, David C. Kazyak, D. G. Bruce, C Stence
2022, Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture (30) 195-214
Biotelemetry of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus has exposed spawning behaviors in ever-smaller estuaries, surprising for the NW Atlantic’s largest anadromous species. Small estuary — the Nanticoke River and Marshyhope Creek (Chesapeake Bay) — spawning-run adults and their habitat affinities are described based upon direct sampling and biotelemetry for the period 2014–2018....
A socio-ecological imperative for broadening participation in coastal and estuarine research and management
Lora A. Harris, Treda Grayson, Hilary A. Neckles, Christopher T Emrich, Kristy A Lewis, Kristin W. Grimes, Shanna Williamson, Corey Garza, Christine R Whitcraft, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Drew M Talley, Benjamin Fertig, Cindy M Palinkas, Susan Park, Jamie Vaudrey, Allison M Fitzgerald, Johnny Quispe
2022, Estuaries and Coasts (45) 38-48
For most of the scientific disciplines associated with coastal and estuarine research, workforce representation does not match the demographics of communities we serve, especially for Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Indigenous peoples. This essay provides an overview of this inequity and identifies how a scientific society...
The tundra phenology database: More than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change
Janet S. Prevey, Sarah Claire Elmendorf, Anne Bjorkman, J. M. Alatalo, Isabel Ashton, Jakob J. Assmann, Robert G Bjork, Mats P. Bjorkman, Nicoletta Cannone, Michele Carbognani, Chelsea Chisholm, Karin Clark, Courtney G. Collins, Elisabeth J. Cooper, Bo Elberling, Esther R. Frei, Greg Henry, Robert D. Hollister, Toke Thomas Hoye, Ingibjorg Svala Jonsdottir, Jeffrey T. Kerby, Kari Klanderud, Christopher Kopp, Esther Levesque, Marguerite Mauritz, Ulf Molau, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Steven F. Oberbauer, Zoe Panchen, Alessandro Petraglia, Eric Post, Christian Rixen, Heidi Rodenhizer, Sabine B. Rumpf, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ted Schuur, Philipp R. Semenchuk, Jane Griffin Smith, Katharine Suding, Ørjan Totland, Tiffany G. Troxler, Henrik Wahren, Jeffrey M. Welker, Sonja Wipf, Yue Yang
2022, Arctic Science (8) 1026-1039
Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection...
A graphical causal model for resolving species identity effects and biodiversity–ecosystem function correlations: comment
James B. Grace, Michel Loreau, Bernhard Schmid
Brian D. Inouye, editor(s)
2022, Ecology (103)
In a recent paper, Schoolmaster, Zirbel, and Cronin (SZC) (2020) claim “Formal causal analysis show[s] that biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) correlations are non-causal associations.” If this conclusion is accepted as true, it suggests a reconsideration of much of our current understanding of how biodiversity relates to the functioning of ecosystems. On...
The precarious position of wildlife conservation funding in the United States
Mark D. Duda, Tom Beppler, Douglas S. Austen, John F. Organ
2022, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (27) 164-172
The Pittman-Robertson Act was established in 1937 to fund state-based wildlife conservation through an existing excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition. Because these items were purchased mostly by hunters at the time, they were the user group primarily funding wildlife conservation. Subsequent amendments to Pittman-Robertson...
Factors influencing the use of water-filled tree cavities by eastern ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)
Brett Alexander DeGregorio, J. H. Sperry, P. J. Weatherhead
2022, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (16) 173-182
For some animals, specific microhabitats may be particularly important for certain behaviors and/or age or sex classes. Here we explore the use of previously unrecognized retreat sites (water-filled tree cavities) by Eastern Ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis). During 4 y of radio telemetry, approximately half of the 45 ratsnakes monitored used water-filled...
Cognitive and behavioral coping in response to wildlife disease: The case of hunters and chronic wasting disease
Susan A. Schroeder, Adam Landon, Louis J. Cornicelli, David C. Fulton, Leslie McInenly
2022, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (27) 251-272
The transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC) provides a conceptual framework for understanding adaptations to stressors like chronic wasting disease (CWD). Understanding hunter response to stressors is important because decreased participation and satisfaction can affect individual well-being, cultural traditions, agency revenue, and local economies. Using TMSC, we explored how...
A novel framework to predict relative habitat selection in aquatic systems: Applying machine learning and resource selection functions to acoustic telemetry data from multiple shark species
Lucas P. Griffin, Grace A. Casselberry, Kristen Hart, Adrian Jordaan, Sarah L. Becker, Ashleigh J. Novak, Bryan M. DeAngelis, Clayton G. Pollock, Ian Lundgren, Zandy Hillis-Starr, Andy J. Danylchuk, Gregory B. Skomal
2022, Frontiers in Marine Science (8)
Resource selection functions (RSFs) have been widely applied to animal tracking data to examine relative habitat selection and to help guide management and conservation strategies. While readily used in terrestrial ecology, RSFs have yet to be extensively used within marine systems. As acoustic telemetry continues to be a pervasive approach...
Ostracod eye size: A taxonomy-free indicator of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum sea level
Skye Y Tian, Moriaki Yasuhara, Marci M. Robinson, Huai-Hsuan M Huang
2022, Marine Micropaleontology (174)
Deep-time sea-level changes associated with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) are of great interest to paleoceanographers and paleontologists, especially in shallow marine settings, like the Atlantic Coastal Plain PETM sections of the Eastern North American Continental Shelf. Accurate paleo-water depth reconstruction...
Evaluation of visual implant elastomer, PIT, and p-Chip tagging methods in a small-bodied minnow species
Desiree M. Moore, Shannon K. Brewer
2022, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (41) 1066-1078
Reliable fish tagging methods are needed to conduct studies (e.g., movement, habitat, abundance) that inform conservation and management decisions; however, dependable tagging approaches are lacking for many small-bodied fishes. Therefore, our study objective was to determine survival, tag retention (visible implant elastomer [VIE], PIT, or light-activated microtransponder [“p-Chip”]) and tagging...
Sarcoptic mange: An emerging panzootic in wildlife
L. E. Escobar, Scott Carver, Paul C. Cross, Luca Rossi, E. S. Almberg, M. J. Yabsley, K D Niedringhaus, Peach Van Wick, Ernesto Dominguez-Villegas, F.F. Gakuya, Yue Xie, Samer Angelone, Christian Gortazar, Francisca Astorga
2022, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (69) 927-942
Sarcoptic mange, a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease for some species of wildlife, potentially jeopardizing their welfare and conservation. Sarcoptes scabiei has a near-global distribution facilitated by its forms of transmission and use of a large diversity of host species (many of those with broad geographic...
Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales
Isabel C. Barrio, D. Ehrich, E. M. Soininen, V. T. Ravolainen, C. G. Bueno, O. Gilg, A. M. Koltz, J. D. M. Speed, D. S. Hik, M. Morsdorf, J. M. Alatalo, A. Angerbjörn, J. Bêty, L. Bollache, N. Boulanger-Lapointe, G. S. Brown, I. Eischeid, Marie-Andree Giroux, T. Hajek, B. B. Hansen, S. P. Hofhuis, Jean-François Lamarre, J. R. Lang, C. Latty, N. Lecomte, P. Macek, L. Mckinnon, Isla H. Myers-Smith, A. O. Pedersen, Janet S. Prevey, J. D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, N. M. Schmidt, P. Smith, A. Sokolov, N. Sokolova, C. Stolz, R. van Bemmelen, O Varpe, P. F. Woodard, I. S. Jonsdottir
2022, Arctic Science (8) 638-679
Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot and site-level...
Mechanisms controlling climate warming impact on the occurrence of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay
Richard Tian, Carl Cerco, Gopal Bhatt, Lewis C. Linker, Gary W. Shenk
2022, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (58) 855-875
AClimate change represents an increasing stressor on estuarine and coastal ecosystems. A series of simulations were run using the Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model to determine the magnitude of various mechanisms controlling the effect of climate warming on dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Chesapeake Bay. The results suggested that the...
Recent recovery and expansion of Guam’s locally endangered Såli (Micronesian Starling) Aplonis opaca population in the presence of the invasive brown treesnake
Henry Pollock, Martin Kastner, Gary Wiles, Hugo Thierry, Laura Duenas, Eben H. Paxton, Nicole Suckow, Jeff Quitugua, Haldre Rogers
2022, Bird Conservation International (32) 95-110
Assessing the impacts of invasive predators on the demography and distribution of native species is critical for understanding mechanisms of species persistence and informing the design of recovery programmes. On the oceanic island of Guam, the introduction of the predatory brown treesnake Boiga irregularis after World War II caused the near-total...
Evidence for maternal style among adult female dolphins when sharing pectoral fin contacts with their calves
Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Christine Ribic, Heather M. Manitzas Hill, Teresa T. Bolton
2022, Animal Behavior and Cognition (8) 52-68
Adult bottlenose dolphins share pectoral fin contacts (PFC) to manage their social relationships but less is known about how mothers share PFC with their calves. Using a dataset collected over 16 years, we analyzed how 10 matrilines, including three second generation female dolphins in a maternal role, used PFC with...
