Improving the ability of a BACI design to detect impacts within a kelp‐forest community
Andrew Rassweiler, Daniel K Okamoto, Daniel C. Reed, David J Kushner, Donna M Schroeder, Kevin D. Lafferty
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Distinguishing between human impacts and natural variation in abundance remains difficult because most species exhibit complex patterns of variation in space and time. When ecological monitoring data are available, a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) analysis can control natural spatial and temporal variation to better identify an impact and estimate its magnitude. However,...
The role of hydrates, competing chemical constituents, and surface composition on CLNO2 formation
Haley M. Royer, Dhruv Mitroo, Sarah M. Hayes, Savannah Haas, Kerri A Pratt, Patricia Blackwelder, Thomas E. Gill, Cassandra J. Gaston
2021, Environmental Science Technology (55) 2869-2877
Atomic chlorine (Cl•) affects air quality and atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) – a common Cl• source–forms when chloride-containing aerosols react with dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). A recent study showed that saline lakebed (playa) dust is an inland source of particulate chloride (Cl–)...
SARS-CoV-2 exposure in escaped mink, Utah, USA
Susan A. Shriner, Jeremeny E. Ellis, J. Jeffrey Root, Annette Roug, Scott R. Stopak, Gerald W. Wiscomb, Jared R. Zierenberg, Hon S. Ip, Mia K. Torchetti, Thomas J. DeLiberto
2021, Emerging Infectious Diseases (27) 988-990
In August 2020, outbreaks of coronavirus disease were confirmed on mink farms in Utah, USA. We surveyed mammals captured on and around farms for evidence of infection or exposure. Free-ranging mink, presumed domestic escapees, exhibited high antibody titers, suggesting a potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...
Cloud-native repositories for big scientific data
Ryan Abernathey, Tom Augspurger, Anderson Banihirwe, Charles C. Blackmon-Luca, Timothy Crone, Chelle Gentemann, Joseph Hamman, Naomi Henderson, Chiara Lepore, Theo McCaie, Niall Robinson, Richard P. Signell
2021, Computing in Science and Engineering (23) 26-35
Scientific data have traditionally been distributed via downloads from data server to local computer. This way of working suffers from limitations as scientific datasets grow toward the petabyte scale. A “cloud-native data repository,” as defined in this article, offers several advantages over traditional data repositories—performance, reliability,...
Estimating the survival of unobservable life stages for a declining frog with a complex life-history
Jonathan P. Rose, Sarah Kupferberg, Clara A Wheeler, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead
2021, Ecosphere (12)
Demographic models enhance understanding of drivers of population growth and inform conservation efforts to prevent population declines and extinction. For species with complex life histories, however, parameterizing demographic models is challenging because some life stages can be difficult to study directly. Integrated population models (IPMs) empower...
Effects of experimental flea removal and plague vaccine treatments on survival of northern Idaho ground squirrels and two coexisting sciurids
Amanda R. Goldberg, Courtney J. Conway, Dean E. Biggins
2021, Global Ecology and Conservation (26)
Plague is a non-native disease in North America that reduces survival of many mammals. Previous studies have focused on epizootic plague which causes acute mortality events and dramatic declines in local...
The interactive effects of stream temperature, stream size, and non-native species on Yellowstone cutthroat trout
Robert K. Al-Chokhachy, Michael Lien, Bradley B. Shepard, Brett High
2021, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (78) 1073-1083
Climate change and non-native species are considered two of the biggest threats to native salmonids in North America. We evaluated how non-native salmonids and stream temperature and discharge were associated with Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) distribution, abundance, and body size to gain a more complete understanding of the...
Letter to the editor: Using classification systems to integrate ecosystem services with decision making tools
John Finisdore, Karl A. Lamothe, Charles Rhodes, Carl Obst, Pieter Booth, Roy Haines-Young, Marc Russell, Joel Robert Houdet, Simone Maynard, Jeffrey Wielgus, Petrina Rowcroft
2021, Ecosystem Services (48)
No abstract available....
Evidence of preferential flow activation in the vadose zone via geophysical monitoring
Lorenzo De Carlo, Kimberlie Perkins, Maria Clementina Caputo
2021, Sensors (21)
Preferential pathways allow rapid and non-uniform water movement in the subsurface due to strong heterogeneity of texture, composition, and hydraulic properties. Understanding the importance of preferential pathways is crucial, because they have strong impact on flow and transport hydrodynamics in the unsaturated zone. Particularly, improving knowledge of...
The contribution of currents, sea-swell waves, and infragravity waves to suspended-sediment transport across a coral reef-lagoon system.
Andrew Pomeroy, Curt D. Storlazzi, Kurt J. Rosenberger, Ryan Lowe, Jeff Hansen, Mark L. Buckley
2021, JGR Oceans (126)
Coral reefs generate substantial volumes of carbonate sediment, which is redistributed throughout the reef‐lagoon system. However, there is little understanding of the specific processes that transport this sediment produced on the outer portions of coral reefs throughout a reef‐lagoon system. Furthermore, the separate contributions of currents, sea‐swell waves, and infragravity...
Historical data provide important context for understanding declines in Cutthroat Trout
Brittany J. Nordberg, Elizabeth G. Mandeville, Annika W. Walters, Jason C. Burckhardt, Catherine E. Wagner
2021, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (41) 809-819
We used historical stocking and population survey records of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and other salmonids in the North Fork Shoshone River drainage, Wyoming to summarize fish stocking history and population trends. Based on 98 years of historical records, we found that despite extensive stocking of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and minimal...
Would you like to know more? The effect of personalized wildfire risk information and social comparisons on information-seeking behavior in the wildland–urban interface
James R. Meldrum, Hannah Brenkert-Smith, Patricia A. Champ, Jamie Gomez, Hilary Byerly, Lilia C. Falk, Christopher M. Barth
2021, Natural Hazards (106) 2139-2161
Private landowners are important actors in landscape-level wildfire risk management. Accordingly, wildfire programs and policy encourage wildland–urban interface homeowners to engage with local organizations to properly mitigate wildfire risk on their parcels. We investigate whether parcel-level wildfire risk assessment data, commonly used to inform community-level planning...
Stormwater systems as a source of marine debris: A case study from the Mediterranean coast of Israel
Galia Pasternak, Christine Ribic, Ehud Spanier, Dov Zviely
2021, Journal of Coastal Conservation (25)
Drainage (or stormwater) systems are a potential source of marine debris. Approximately 67 km (33%) of the land along the Mediterranean coast of Israel is considered urban, covered by concrete and asphalt. The purpose of the present pilot study was to determine the composition of the solid...
Months-long spike in aqueous Arsenic following domestic well installation and disinfection: Short- and long-term drinking water quality implications
Melinda L. Erickson, Elizabeth D. Swanner, Brady A. Ziegler, Jeffrey R. Havig
2021, Journal of Hazardous Materials (414)
Exposure to high concentration geogenic arsenic via groundwater is a worldwide health concern. Well installation introduces oxic drilling fluids and hypochlorite (a strong oxidant) for disinfection, thus inducing geochemical disequilibrium. Well installation causes changes in geochemistry lasting 12 + months, as illustrated in a recent study of 250 new...
Estimates of energy partitioning, evapotranspiration, and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 for an urban lawn and a tallgrass prairie in the Denver metropolitan area under contrasting conditions
Thomas Thienelt, Dean E. Anderson
2021, Urban Ecosystems (24) 1201-1220
Lawns as a landcover change substantially alter evapotranspiration, CO2, and energy exchanges and are of rising importance considering their spatial extent. We contrast eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements collected in the Denver, Colorado, USA metropolitan area in 2011 and 2012 over a lawn and a xeric...
Electrical conductivity of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system
Samer Naif, Kate Selway, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Gary D. Egbert, Anne Pommier
2021, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (313)
Electromagnetic geophysical methods image the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. Electrical conductivity is an intrinsic material property that is sensitive to temperature, composition, porosity, volatile and/or melt content, and other physical properties relevant to the solid Earth. Therefore, imaging the electrical structure of the crust and mantle yields valuable information on...
Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Scott Hatch, Robert M. Suryan, Sonia Batten, Mary Anne Bishop, Rob W. Campbell, Heather Coletti, Dan Cushing, Kristen Gorman, Russell R. Hopcroft, Kathy J. Kuletz, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Caitlin McKinstry, David McGowan, John Moran, W. Scott Pegau, Anne Schaefer, Sarah K. Schoen, Jan Straley, Vanessa R. von Biela
2021, Global Change Biology (27) 1859-1878
During the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016, abundance and quality of several key forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska were simultaneously reduced throughout the system. Capelin (Mallotus catervarius), sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), and herring (Clupea pallasii) populations were at historically low levels, and within this community abrupt declines...
Phylogeographic genetic diversity in the white sucker hepatitis B Virus across the Great Lakes Region and Alberta, Canada
Cynthia R Adams, Vicki S. Blazer, Jim Sherry, Robert S. Cornman, Luke R. Iwanowicz
2021, Viruses (13)
Hepatitis B viruses belong to a family of circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a range of organisms, with host responses that vary from mild infection to chronic infection and cancer. The white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) was first described in the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), a freshwater teleost,...
Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America
E. E. Brandell, Paul C. Cross, Meggan E. Craft, Douglas W. Smith, E. J. Dubovi, Marie L. J. Gilbertson, Tyler Wheeldon, John A. Stephenson, Shannon Barber-Meyer, B. L. Borg, Mathew Sorum, Daniel R. Stahler, Allicia P Kelly, Morgan Anderson, H. D. Cluff, Daniel R. MacNulty, David L. Watts, G. Roffler, Helen M. Schwantje, Mark Hebblewhite, K. Beckman, P. J. Hudson
2021, Scientific Reports (11) 3722
The presence of many pathogens varies in a predictable manner with latitude, with infections decreasing from the equator towards the poles. We investigated the geographic trends of pathogens infecting a widely distributed carnivore: the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Specifically, we investigated which variables best explain and predict geographic trends in...
Indicators of volcanic eruptions revealed by global M4+ earthquakes
Jeremy D. Pesicek, Sarah E. Ogburn, Stephanie Prejean
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (126)
Determining whether seismicity near volcanoes is due primarily to tectonic or magmatic processes is a challenging but critical endeavor for volcanic eruption forecasting and detection, especially at poorly monitored volcanoes. Global statistics on the occurrence and timing of earthquakes near volcanoes both within and outside of eruptive periods reveal patterns...
Airborne geophysical imaging of weak zones on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Implications for slope stability
Dana E. Peterson, Carol A. Finn, Paul A. Bedrosian
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (126)
Water‐saturated, hydrothermally altered rocks reduce the strength of volcanic edifices and increase the potential for sector collapses and far‐traveled mass flows of unconsolidated debris. Iliamna Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano located on the western side of the Cook Inlet, ∼225 km southwest of Anchorage and is a...
Timing and amount of southern Cascadia earthquake subsidence over the past 1700 years at northern Humboldt Bay, California, USA
Jason S. Padgett, Simon E. Engelhart, Harvey M. Kelsey, Robert C. Witter, Niamh Cahill, Eileen Hemphill-Haley
2021, GSA Bulletin (133) 2137-2156
Stratigraphic, lithologic, foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses indicate that at least four abrupt mud-over-peat contacts are recorded across three sites (Jacoby Creek, McDaniel Creek, and Mad River Slough) in northern Humboldt Bay, California, USA (∼44.8°N, −124.2°W). The stratigraphy records subsidence during past megathrust earthquakes at the southern Cascadia subduction zone ∼40...
Partial migration and spawning movements of humpback chub in the Little Colorado River are better understood using data from autonomous PIT tag antennas
Maria C. Dzul, William Louis Kendall, Charles B. Yackulic, Dana L. Winkelman, David Randall Van Haverbeke, Michael D. Yard
2021, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (78) 1057-1072
Choosing whether or not to migrate is an important life history decision for many fishes. Here we combine data from physical captures and detections on autonomous passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antennas to study migration in an endangered fish, the humpback chub (Gila cypha). We develop hidden Markov mark-recapture models...
Nutrients and warming alter mountain lake benthic algal structure and function
Isabella A. Oleksy, Jill S. Baron, Whitney S. Beck
2021, Freshwater Science (40) 87-102
In recent years, benthic algae have been increasing in abundance in the littoral zones of oligotrophic lakes, but causality has been hard to assign. We used field and laboratory experiments to explore the implications of increasing water temperature and nutrient availability for benthic algal assemblages and ecosystem...
Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Middle Iowa River Basin, Iowa
Jessica D. Garrett, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5148
Concentrations, loads, and yields of nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were assessed in the Iowa River upstream from the Coralville Reservoir in east-central Iowa. The results of this study describe baseline nutrient transport during two historical reference periods, 1980–96 and 2006–10, that can be used to evaluate...
