Rate of sulfuric acid formation in Yellowstone National Park
Robert Schoen
1969, Geological Society of America Bulletin (80) 643-650
Sulfuric acid forms near sulfurous hot springs as the result of oxidation of hydrogen sulfide exhalations by atmospheric oxygen. This strong acid rapidly alters the surrounding rocks and can destroy man-made structures and contaminate streams. Four tracts of acid-altered ground in Yellowstone National Park were studied in order to determine...
New thrusts in ground water
C. L. McGuinness
1969, Groundwater (7) 7-10
Four principal trends in ground water are apparent:(1) Increasing use of ground water for domestic supplies. Geohydrologists must learn to quantitatively evaluate the supply under conditions of maximum development, not merely determine the availability of a supply that does not strain the aquifer. (2) Aquifers will be looked to increasingly...
Lead and strontium isotopes in volcanic rocks from northern Honshu, Japan
Carl E. Hedge, Roy J. Knight
1969, Geochemical Journal (3) 15-24
Isotopic compositions of lead and strontium and concentrations of lead, uranium, thorium, rubidium, and strontium were measured in a suite of volcanic rocks, ranging from basalt to rhyodacite in composition, and in granite and gabbro xenoliths from a traverse across northern Honshu. The observed 238U/204Pb (μ) ratio ranges from 2.4 in...
Lower Llandovery of the northern Appalachians and adjacent regions
William G. Ayrton, William B. N. Berry, Arthur J. Boucot, Jean Lajoie, Pierre J. Lesperance, Louis Pavlides, W. Brian Skidmore
1969, Geological Society of America Bulletin (80) 459-483
Rocks of clearly dated early Llandovery age, as well as rocks that can logically be classed as early Llandovery from their regional relationships, appear to be more widespread than recognized, heretofore, in the northern Appalachians and adjacent regions. Their areal distribution and lithology permit a generalized reconstruction of the paleogeography,...
Heat flow in the Arctic
Arthur H. Lachenbruch, B. Vaughan Marshall
1969, Arctic (22) 300-311
Defines heat flow as the flux at the earth's solid surface of heat conducted from the interior; the heat-flow-unit (hfu) is on the order of 1-millionth calorie through each sq cm of the surface/sec, which is enough to melt a 4-mm layer of ice over the earth's surface/yr. Earth heat...
Active metamorphism of upper Cenozoic sediments in the Salton Sea geothermal field and the Salton Trough, southeastern California
L.J. Patrick Muffler, Donald E. White
1969, Geological Society of America Bulletin (80) 157-181
The Salton Sea geothermal system is entirely within Pliocene and Quaternary sediments of the Colorado River delta at the north end of the Gulf of California. At the time of deposition, these sediments consisted of sands, silts, and clays of uniform original mineralogic composition, but under the elevated temperatures and...
Florida submergence curve revised: Its relation to coastal sedimentation rates
D.W. Scholl, F.C. Craighead Sr., M. Stuiver
1969, Science (163) 562-564
New data substantiate as well as modify the south Florida submergence curve, which indicates that eustatic sea level has risen continuously, although at a generally decreasing rate, during the last 6500 to 7000 sidereal years (5500 standard radiocarbon years) to reach its present position. Accumulation rates of coastal deposits are...
Coexisting amphiboles from blueschist facies metamorphic rocks
G. R. Himmelberg, J. J. Papike
1969, Journal of Petrology (10) 102-114
Four pairs of associated calcic and sodic amphiboles from blueschist facies metamorphic rocks were analyzed with the electron microprobe and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Except for ranges in the ratios Mg/(Mg+Fe) and Fe3+/(Fe3++Al+Ti), the sodic amphiboles are similar in chemical composition. The amount of calcium in the M(4)-site...
A seismic-refraction survey of crustal structure in central Arizona
David H. Warren
1969, Geological Society of America Bulletin (80) 257-282
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a seismic-refraction study of the earth's crust and upper mantle near the Tonto Forest Seismological Observatory (TFO), located 10miles south of the Mogollon Rim near Payson in central Arizona. Two recording lines 400 km long intersect in the approximate form of a cross at TFO;...
Experiments on formation of contorted structures in mud
Edwin D. McKee, Moshe Goldberg
1969, Geological Society of America Bulletin (80) 231-243
Contorted structures can be formed in mud or sand as a result of differential loading. Fifteen sets of experiments were conducted in water tanks to test various factors of possible significance in the contortion of mud by loading. Of six factors tested, the most significant was distribution of load, but...
Vertical density currents — II
W. H. Bradley
1969, Limnology and Oceanography (14) 1-3
Examples of vertical density currents wholly within the domain of laminar flow, one in a water solution, the other in air, have come to my attention. Both examples illustrate new ways of introducing and dispersing microscopic particles into static fluids and both demonstrate that a stable, clearly defined layer of...
Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii
James G. Moore, Richard S. Fiske
1969, GSA Bulletin (80) 1191-1202
Ocean-bottom photographs from 18 stations and dredge hauls from 35 stations adjacent to the Island of Hawaii indicate that basaltic pillow lava and pillow fragments are the dominant rock type on the crest and flanks of the submarine rift zone ridges, whereas glassy basalt sand and scoria are the dominant...
Stenothecoida, a proposed new class of Cambrian Mollusca
Ellis L. Yochelson
1969, Lethaia (2) 49-62
Cambridium, Bagenovia, and Stenothecoides, composing the Family Cambridiidae, a monotypic superfamily and an order, were in 1960 assigned (although with a query) to the molluscan class Monoplacophora. The basic error of this assignment, according to the author, was the assumption that these specimens are univalves. One specimen from Siberia and a...
Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico
Fred K. Fields
1969, Report
This report is a compilation of data pertaining to floods in Rios Guayanilla and Yauco, based principally upon information obtained from residents in the study area. This information is a useful tool in making land-use and development decisions.The Guayanilla and Yauco basins lie in the southwestern part of Puerto Rico....
Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids
J. F. Poland, G. H. Davis
David J. Varnes, George Kiersch, editor(s)
1969, Book chapter, Reviews in Engineering Geology
Land-surface subsidence due to the withdrawal of fluids by man has become relatively common in the United States since 1940 and has been described at several other places throughout the world. This paper reviews the known examples of appreciable land subsidence caused by fluid withdrawal. Those related to exploitation of...
Drilling and testing of well 340, Fort Wingate Army Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico
John W. Shomaker
1969, Report
The U.S. Geological Survey was requested by Fort Wingate Army Depot to designate a well location, suggest construction and testing procedures, and provide continuing technical advice with respect to the drilling of a new production well. The location was determined during a brief preliminary study of the Depot's water supply...
Land subsidence due to the application of water
Ben Elder Lofgren
David J. Varnes, George Kiersch, editor(s)
1969, Book chapter, Reviews in Engineering Geology
Loose, dry, low-density deposits that compact when they are wetted mantle extensive areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. This process, here referred to as hydrocompaction, has produced widespread subsidence of the land surface. Hydrocompaction may occur under natural overburden load or may occur only with the addition of a...
Geology and regional metamorphism of some high-grade cordierite gneisses, Front Range, Colorado
Dolores J. Gable, Paul K. Sims
1969, Book
Cordierite is common in regional metamorphic gneisses of Precambrian age in the central part of the Front Range. It occurs in discontinuous stratigraphic units that are structurally a minor component, except locally, of the thick succession of biotite gneisses that comprise the widespread Idaho Springs Formation. The rocks have mineral...
History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona
Edwin D. McKee, Raymond C. Gutschick
1969, Book
Throughout most of northern Arizona the Redwall Limestone of Mississippian age is readily divisible into four lithologic units, designated in ascending order as the Whitmore Wash, Thunder Springs, Mooney Falls, and Horseshoe Mesa Members. The first and third members are thick-bedded to massive carbonate rock. The Horseshoe Mesa Member is...
Water resources data for Indiana, 1968
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1969, Water Data Report IN-68-1
The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sties within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the...
Safety and survival in an earthquake
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1969, Report
Many earth scientists in this country and abroad are focusing their studies on the search for means of predicting impending earthquakes, but, as yet, an accurate prediction of the time and place of such an event cannot be made. From past experience, however, one can assume that earthquakes will continue...
Effects of toxicants on community metabolism in pools
Walter R. Whitworth, Thomas H. Lane
1969, Limnology and Oceanography (14) 53-58
Estimates of community metabolism of simulated natural environments were dcrivcd by diel oxygen techniques over a period of nine months. During this time, toxicants were added to some of the pools. "Natural" environmental factors and toxicants that did not affect the communities (0.02 mg/liter p,p' DDT; 0.1 mg/liter antimycin A;...
Floods of January and February 1969 in central and southern California
A. O. Waananen
1969, Report
No abstract available....
Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California
Hugh T. Mitten
1969, Report
No abstract available....
Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem
David W. Scholl
Edward C. Dapples, M. E. Hopkins, editor(s)
1969, Book chapter, Environments of coal deposition: Papers presented at a symposium by the coal geology division of the Geological Society of America at the annual meeting Miami Beach, Florida, 1964
The general stratigraphy of the “ideal” cyclothem of Late Paleozoic age can be recognized in a modern succession of sedimentary units underlying the coastal mangrove swamps of southwestern Florida. Because coal deposition is associated with the formation of cyclothems, this stratigraphic similarity has geologic importance with respect to coal formation.The...
