An underwater instrument for determining bearing capacity of shallow marine sediments
Ronald C. Circe
1985, Geotechnical Testing Journal (8) 96-98
A small, portable, underwater instrument for measuring carbonate substrate bearing capacity in situ is described. The device was used in various shallow water (< 9 m) carbonate reef environments. Criteria for design and operation were based on ability to deliver controlled levels of stress to bearing plates of various sizes,...
Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions
D.B. Rowley, A. Raymond, Judith T. Parrish, A.L. Lottes, C.R. Scotese, A.M. Ziegler
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 7-42
Two revised paleogeographic reconstructions of the Visean and Westphalian C-D stages are presented based on recent paleomagnetic, phytogeographic, stratigraphic, and tectonic data. These data change the positions of some continental blocks, and allow the definition of several new ones. The most...
A policy evaluation tool: Management of a multiaquifer system using controlled stream recharge
Wesley R. Danskin, Steven M. Gorelick
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1731-1747
A model for the optimal allocation of water resources was developed for a multiaquifer groundwater and surface water system near Livermore, California. The complex groundwater system was analyzed using a transient, quasi-three-dimensional model that considers the nonlinear behavior of the unconfined aquifer. The surface water system consists of a reservoir...
Cemented horizon in subarctic Alaskan sand dunes: Discussion and reply
J. P. Galloway, E. A. Koster, T. D. Hamilton, George W. Cox
1985, American Journal of Science (285) 186-191
No abstract available....
Downstream dilution of a lahar: Transition from debris flow to hyperconcentrated streamflow
Thomas C. Pierson, Kevin M. Scott
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1511-1524
Nearly instantaneous melting of snow and ice by the March 19, 1982, eruption of Mount St. Helens released a 4 × 106 m3 flood of water from the crater that was converted to a lahar (volcanic debris flow) through erosion and incorporation of sediment by the time it reached the base of...
COMPUTER METHOD TO DETECT AND CORRECT CYCLE SKIPPING ON SONIC LOGS.
Douglas C. Muller
1985, Conference Paper, Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts)
A simple but effective computer method has been developed to detect cycle skipping on sonic logs and to replace cycle skips with estimates of correct traveltimes. The method can be used to correct observed traveltime pairs from the transmitter to both receivers. The basis of the method is the linearity...
Evolution and present state of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera
M.L. Sorey
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 11219-11228
Evidence for previous periods of hydrothermal activity in Long Valley caldera exists in the form of extensive deposits of hydrothermal alteration products at several locations within the caldera and saline deposits in Searles Lake which contain mineral assemblages contributed by hot spring discharge from Long Valley. Hydrothermal activity was more...
Slumping and shallow faulting related to the presence of salt on the Continental Slope and rise off North Carolina
K. V. Cashman, P. Popenoe
1985, Marine and Petroleum Geology (2) 260-271
Seismic reflection profiles and long- and medium-range sidescan sonar were used to investigate a salt diapir complex and area of slope instability near the base of the Continental Slope off North Carolina. Within the area of investigation three diapirs are bounded on their upslope side by a scarp 60 m...
Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships
K.A. Foland, C.M.B. Henderson, J. Gleason
1985, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (90) 331-345
The Ascutney Mountain igneous complex in eastern Vermont, USA, is composed of three principal units with compositions ranging from gabbro to granite. Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships for mafic rocks, granites, and nearby gneissic and schistose country rock have been investigated in order to describe the petrogenesis...
Composition and morphology of ferromanganese coatings on glacial erratics in Lydonia Canyon, United States East Coast
L.J. Poppe, Dennis W. O’Leary, R.F. Commeau
1985, Geo-Marine Letters (5) 127-133
Ferromanganese coatings have been found on glacial erratics in Lydonia Canyon, off the United States northeastern coast. The coatings, which are about 17 ??m thick, consist of an outer manganese-rich layer which covers the top of the erratic, a middle transitional layer, and an internal iron-rich layer that encircles the...
Middle Proterozoic uplift events in the Dunbar dome of northeastern Wisconsin, USA
Z. E. Peterman, P.K. Sims, R. E. Zartman, K. J. Schulz
1985, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (91) 138-150
Isotopic ages of granitic and metamorphic rocks exposed in the Dunbar structural dome of northeastern Wisconsin identify a protracted series of tectonic and "hydrothermal" events that culminated in major regional uplift during Middle Proterozoic (Keweenawan; ca 1,100 Ma) continental rifting and volcanism. The major rock-forming events and the structural development...
USGS Telecommunications Responding to Change
James L. Hott
1985, Journal of Surveying Engineering (111) 14-22
The telecommunications industry is undergoing tremendous change due to the court ordered breakup of the monopoly once enjoyed by American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T). This action has resulted in a plethora of new services and products in all of the communications fields, including traditional voice and data. The new products...
Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation
Steven A. Frenzel
1985, Groundwater (23) 220-226
Ground-water pumpage for irrigation was measured at 32 sites on the eastern Snake River Plain in southern Idaho during 1983. Pumpage at these sites also was estimated by three commonly used methods, and pumpage estimates were compared to measured values to determine the accuracy...
A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model
T. V. Hromadka II, C. E. Berenbrock, J. R. Freckleton, G. L. Guymon
1985, Advances in Water Resources (8) 7-14
A simple two-dimensional dam-break model is developed for flood plain study purposes. Both a finite difference grid and an irregular triangle element integrated finite difference formulation are presented. The governing flow equations are approximately solved as a diffusion model coupled to the equation of continuity. Application of the model to...
Degradation of carbohydrates and lignins in buried woods
J. I. Hedges, G.L. Cowie, J.R. Ertel, Barbour R. James, Patrick G. Hatcher
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 701-711
Spruce, alder, and oak woods deposited in coastal sediments were characterized versus their modern counterparts by quantification of individual neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols as well as by scanning electron microscopy, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The buried spruce wood from a 2500 yr old deposit was unaltered whereas an alder wood from...
Remotely sensed limonite anomaly on Lordsburg Mesa, New Mexico: Possible implications for uranium deposits
G. L. Raines, J. A. Erdman, J. H. McCarthy, G.M. Reimer
1985, Economic Geology (80) 575-590
We have identified a large, anomalously limonitic area in Cenozoic gravels on Lordsburg Mesa near Lordsburg, New Mexico, using Landsat images. Our interpretation of the geophysical and geochemical data suggests the exploration hypothesis that the Lordsburg Mesa limonite anomaly is the surface expression of a chemical trap that may contain...
Remote sensing; a geophysical perspective
K. Watson
1985, Geophysics (50) 2595-2610
In this review of developments in the field of remote sensing from a geophysical perspective, the subject is limited to the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.4 mu m to 25 cm. Three broad energy categories are covered: solar reflected, thermal infrared, and microwave.The reflected solar region has been the most intensely...
Installation of observation wells on hazardous waste sites in Kansas using a hollow-stem auger
C. A. Perry, R. J. Hart
1985, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (5) 70-73
Noncontaminating procedures were used during the hollow-stem auger installation of 12 observation wells on three hazardous waste sites in Kansas. Special precautions were taken to ensure that water samples were representative of the ground water in the aquifer and were not subjected to contamination from the land surface or cross...
Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984
D. A. Swanson, T. J. Casadevall, D. Dzurisin, R. T. Holcomb, C. G. Newhall, S. D. Malone, C.S. Weaver
1985, Journal of Geodynamics (3) 397-423
Public statements about volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens include factual statements, forecasts, and predictions. A factual statement describes current conditions but does not anticipate future events. A forecast is a comparatively imprecise statement of the time, place, and nature of expected activity. A prediction is a comparatively precise statement of the time, place, and ideally,...
A reconnaissance of the major Holocene tephra deposits in the upper Cook Inlet region, Alaska
J.R. Riehle
1985, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (26) 37-74
The upper Cook Inlet region of southcentral Alaska would be significantly impacted by a major tephrafall, owing to a widespread population and heavily travelled transportation corridors. To evaluate the likelihood of such an occurrence, the tephra deposits of the region have been inventoried. Approximately 90 deposits of Holocene age are...
A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases
D.S. Sheppard, A.H. Truesdell
1985, Chromatographia (20) 681-682
The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel,...
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.
R.L. Cullers, S. Ramakrishnan, P. Berendsen, T. Griffin
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 1383-1402
Lamproite sills and their associated sedimentary and contact metamorphic rocks from Woodson County, Kansas have been analyzed for major elements, selected trace elements, and strontium isotopic composition. These lamproites, like lamproites elsewhere, are alkalic (molecular K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6">K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6), are ultrapotassic <span...
Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation: Environmental inferences
T.L. Phillips, R.A. Peppers, William A. DiMichele
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 43-109
Quantitative analysis of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation provides a means of inferring organization and structure of communities. Distribution of these communities further provides inferences about environmental factors, including paleoclimate. Our observations are based on in situ, structurally preserved peat deposits in coal-ball...
Case for periodic, colossal jokulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula
R. B. Waitt Jr.
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1271-1286
Two classes of field evidence firmly establish that late Wisconsin glacial Lake Missoula drained periodically as scores of colossal jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods). (1) More than 40 successive, flood-laid, sand-to-silt graded rhythmites accumulated in back-flooded valleys in southern Washington. Hiatuses are indicated between flood-laid...
Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite)
R. A. Robie, B. S. Hemingway
1985, Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (17) 165-181
Pyrolusite (MnO2), hausmanite (Mn3O4), and bixbyite (Mn2O3), are important ore minerals of manganese and accurate values for their thermodynamic properties are desirable to understand better the {p(O2), T} conditions of their formation. To provide accurate values for the entropies of these important manganese minerals, we have measured their heat capacities...
