The Oligocene volcanic center at Eureka, Nevada
M.C. Blake Jr., E.H. McKee, Richard F. Marvin, Miles L. Silberman, Thomas B. Nolan
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 605-612
A volcanic center covering an area of about 80 km2 near Eureka, Nev., and active in the early Oligocene, is characterized by rhyolitic, rhyodacitic. and andesitic pyroclastic rocks, lava flows, and shallow intrusive bodies. These rocks were emplaced as intertonguing and interpenetrative units during a 5-m.y. interval; most of the...
Long-term effects of 4-aminopyridine exposure to birds and fish
E.W. Schafer, L. L. Marking
1975, Journal of Wildlife Management (39) 807-811
The avian frightening agent, 4-aminopyridine (4AP), was tested on five avian and two fish species to assess the effects of long-term 4AP exposure to nontarget vertebrates. Adult bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were fed diets containing 3 percent 4AP-treated cracked corn diluted with...
Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota
D.S. Gilmer, I.J. Ball, L.M. Cowardin, John Riechmann, J.R. Tester
1975, Journal of Wildlife Management (39) 781-789
Telemetry techniques were used to study habitat use and home range of 12 drake and 12 hen mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the forested region of north-central Minnesota during the 1968-72 breeding seasons. Circumneutral bogs and seasonal wetlands were the most frequently used communities; the lakeshore communities most used were sand-gravel,...
Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a Markovian environment: A theory and an example
David R. Anderson
1975, Ecology (56) 1281-1297
Optimal exploitation strategies were studied for an animal population in a Markovian (stochastic, serially correlated) environment. This is a general case and encompasses a number of important special cases as simplifications. Extensive empirical data on the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were used as an example of general theory. The number of...
Disproportionate sex ratios of wolf pups
L.D. Mech
1975, Journal of Wildlife Management (39) 737-740
Males comprised 66 percent of wild wolf (Canis lupus) pups from a saturated, high-density wolf range in northeastern Minnesota, possibly reflecting disproportionate conception of males. Packs from areas of lower wolf density in other areas of Minnesota had equal sex ratios of pups or a disproportionate number of female pups....
New tritium data on movement of groundwater in western Fresno County, California
Joseph Fairfield Poland, Gordon L. Stewart
1975, Water Resources Research (11) 716-724
Well waters along two traverse lines were sampled in 1963 and tested for tritium concentration. Haskell et al. [1966] estimated from the apparent thermonuclear tritium concentrations that groundwater had moved westward in the lower water‐bearing zone at a maximum velocity of 14–16.5 mi (23–27 km) in 9 yr. The maximum velocities...
Whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis): Control with ultraviolet irradiation and effect on fish
G. L. Hoffman
1975, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (11) 505-507
Water contaminated by Myxosoma cerebralis was disinfected with ultraviolet irradition to control whirling disease. Irradiation at 18,000 microwatt seconds/cm2 (MWS/cm2) reduced infectivity of M. cerebralis by 31-86% and 27,650 MWS/cm3 reduced infectivity by 86-100%, even in the presence of a small amount of silt....
The scientific referee
Frank T. Manheim
1975, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication (PC-18) 190-195
In the May 1973 issue of EOS, I criticized tendencies in earth science periodicals to discourage referee anonymity. I stressed that exposing referees to unnecessary personal and subjective influences tended to degrade standards of quality and promoted cliques, fragmentation, superspecialization, and proliferation of scientific literature. Generally speaking, division of opinion...
Maximum stages and discharges of small streams in Indiana
L.G. Davis, R.G. Horner
1975, Open-File Report 75-403
Depredation of sea otter pups by bald eagles at Amchitka Island, Alaska
Steve Sherrod, J. A. Estes, C.M. White
1975, Journal of Mammalogy (56) 701-703
No abstract available. ...
Home range defense in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L.
E.M. Preston
1975, Journal of Mammalogy (56) 645-652
This paper describes the home range defense behavior observed when nonresident male red foxes were introduced into established home ranges of resident male-female pairs. In 12 observation periods, four intruders were introduced to each of three mated pairs which had been given three weeks to acclimate to a 4.05-hectare, fenced...
Earthquake shaking and damage to buildings
R.A. Page, W. B. Joyner, J.A. Blume
1975, Science (189) 601-608
Ground shaking close to the causative fault of an earthquake is more intense than it was previously believed to be. This raises the possibility that large numbers of buildings and other structures are not sufficiently resistant for the intense levels of shaking that can occur close to the fault. Many...
Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1975-76
U.S. Geological Survey
1975, Report
No abstract available....
Injection-pipe system for artificial recharge
H.O. Reeder
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 501-503
No abstract available....
Effects of sediment control on sediment transport in the northwest branch Anacostia River basin, Montgomery County, Maryland
Thomas H. Yorke
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 487-494
Streamflow and sediment were monitored in an urbanizing drainage basin in southeastern Montgomery County, Md., from 1962 to 1972. During this period, urban construction areas averaged about 3 percent of the 21.1 mi2 (54.6 km2) basin. Urban land increased from 3.5 percent in 1959 to 20 percent in 1971. Virtually...
Determination of tungsten in geologic materials by neutron activation analysis
Frederick Otto Simon, Carl L. Rollinson
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 475-478
A method is described for the determination of tungsten in geologic materials. After fusion with sodium peroxide, tungsten is isolated by extraction into chloroform with a-benzoinoxime, back extraction into aqueous potassium hydroxide, and precipitation with a-benzoinoxime. The activities of the 0.13 and 0.48 MeV gamma rays are measured. The activity...
Radiochemical determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals
Robert A. Zielinski
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 467-473
A radiochemical procedure has been developed for the determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals. Sensitivity is 0.01 μg Ni. Accuracy and precision is estimated to be ±5 percent to levels as low as 0.1 μg Ni a marked improvement over other analytical techniques. Samples...
Whitlockite and apatite of surficial phosphate occurrences on Enderbury Island, Phoenix Islands, Pacific Ocean
R. A. Gulbrandsen
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 409-414
Whitlockite and apatite are the principal phosphate minerals in the surficial deposits of Enderbury Island; monetite and brushite are present in small amounts. All are derived from the guano of sea birds. The abundance of whitlockite discovered on Enderbury, and reported in samples from Remire Island in the Indian Ocean,...
Morphology and phylogeny of the coccolithophycean family Ceratolithaceae
Stefan Gartner, David Bukry
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 451-465
The family Ceratolithaceae includes a group of horseshoe-shaped calcareous nannofossils and contains ten species which are assignable to two genera: Amaurolithus n. gen. and Ceratolithus. Species of Amaurolithus are characterized by showing faint or no birefringence in cross-polarized light when viewed in preferred orientation. Included in Amaurolithus are A. amplificus...
Computer-generated shaded-relief images
R. M. Batson, Kathleen Edwards, E. M. Eliason
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 401-408
Digital image-processing techniques have been developed to make shaded-relief images from digitized topographic data. The resulting images have at least two advantages over aerial photographs: (1) The images are true map projections containing no relief-induced distortion, and (2) tonal variation is unambiguously identified with relief, rather than with snow,...
Origin of lunar light plains
E. C. T. Chao, Carroll Ann Hodges, J. M. Boyce, L.A. Soderblom
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 379-392
Most Cayley-type Imbrian-age plains deposits and adjacent mantled slopes, including those at the Apollo 16 site, may be composed at least near the surface of ejecta from the Orientale basin, the youngest multiringed impact basin on the Moon. The distribution and apparent age of the plains deposits and preliminary data...
Early Ordovician gastropod opercula and epicontinental seas
Ellis L. Yochelson
1975, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (3) 447-450
Collections made for some years from Lower Ordovician rocks by many geologists have established that the heavy calcareous operculum of the gastropod Ceratopea is almost never found associated with a shell and that commonly this operculum is secondarily silicified. Ceratopea may have lived in a stressed habitat and may have...
Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973
J. Hendrickson, W. L. Robinson
1975, American Midland Naturalist (94) 226-232
Wolf (Canis lupus) numbers in Michigan's Upper Peninsula declined from an estimated 45-50 animals in the mid-1950s to near extinction in 1973, probably because of overharvesting through the bounty system. Sporadic breeding and occasional immigration of wolves from Ontario and Minnesota are postulated to be the factors tending to maintain...
Incidence of ingested lead shot in sora rails
J.W. Artmann, E.M. Martin
1975, Journal of Wildlife Management (39) 514-519
Gizzards of 934 sora rails (Porzana carolina) collected in Maryland (767) and Missouri (167) were examined for ingested shot. Ingested shot were found in 12.3 percent of the Maryland sample and 1.8 percent of the Missouri birds. Individual Maryland birds had ingested up to 28 pellets. None of the lead...
Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975
William D. Carter
1975, Report
The author has identified the following significant results. Work with the Image 100 clearly demonstrates that radiance values of LANDSAT data can be used for correlation of geologic formations across international boundaries. The Totora Formation of the Corocoro Group of Tertiary age was traced from known outcrops near Tiahuanaco, Bolivia,...
