Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72
Dennis A. Wentz
1974, Colorado Water Resources Circular 21
In July 1971, a study of the effects of mine drainage on Colorado's streams was begun in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and magnitude of the problem as a whole, and to gain a greater understanding of...
Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73
Robert E. Moran, Dennis A. Wentz
1974, Colorado Water Resources Circular 25
Colorado is a child of mining. In the past, towns such as Cripple Creek, Leadville, Creede, and many others were the lifeblood of the economy. While metal mining is still economically important to Colorado, another legacy of this past activity is attracting increasing attention—the detrimental effects of drainage from abandoned...
Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado
W. E. Hall, Irving Friedman, J. Thomas Nash
1974, Economic Geology (69) 88-901
The Climax mine contains three molybdenite ore bodies and widespread late quartz-pyrite-sericite barren mineralization, each related to separate intrusive phases of the Climax stock. Alteration zones spatially related to each molybdenite ore body include a silica zone below, a potassium-silicate zone that approximately coincides with ore, and overlying quartz-sericite-pyrite-topaz, argillic,...
Alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah
W. J. Moore, J. Thomas Nash
1974, Economic Geology (69) 631-645
Distribution patterns for biotitic alteration, sericitic alteration, and distinctive fluid-inclusion types in igneous host rocks of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah, have been determined by petrographic examination of about 300 samples. These patterns are related to differences in original rock composition, variations in physical-chemical conditions during periods...
Stratigraphic value of silicoflagellates in nontropical regions
David Bukry
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 1905-1906
Silicoflagellates are important biostratigraphic markers for age determination in nontropical regions because age-diagnostic calcareous microfossils are sparse. Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic biostratigraphic zonation is proposed, based on silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the subantarctic region....
Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin
Larry J. Nutter
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 249-252
The Antictam Creek basin in the Great Valley of Maryland and Pennsylvania is underlain almost entirely by intensely folded and faulted lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The ground-water discharge of the basin is about 85 percent of the total discharge, in contrast with less than 70 percent of the total discharge...
WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters
A. H. Truesdell, Blair F. Jones
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 233-248
The computer program, WATEQ, calculates the equilibrium distribution of inorganic aqueous species of major and important minor elements in natural waters using the chemical analysis and in situ measurements of temperature, pH, and redox potential. From this model, the states of reaction of the water with solid and gaseous phases...
Phosphatic zone in the lower part of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa
C. Ervin Brown
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 219-232
The basal beds of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa include a basal silty phosphorite layer that is thickest near Dubuque. In Clayton County, Iowa, the bed averages about 1 foot thick (30 centimeters) and contains 22.5 percent P205 . Phosphatic dolomite that is 8 10 feet (2.4 3 meters)...
Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4
Charles Milton, Adolf Pabst
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 213-218
Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4, originally described in 1955, has recently been reexamined by Charles Milton and Adolf Pabst and by Subrata Ghose and Horst H. Ulbrich. The latter have reanalyzed the mineral and determined the structure; the powder pattern is indexed on the basis of their 1972 cell constants. These were refined...
Distribution of copper in biotite and biotite alteration products in intrusive rocks near two Arizona porphyry copper deposits
Norman G. Banks
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 195-211
Biotite and its alteration products (primarily chlorite) from igneous rocks around the Ray and Esperanza (Esperanza-Sierrita) porphyry copper deposits, Arizona, were analyzed for copper by electron microprobe. The copper occurs in amounts >90 p/m (limit of detection) in most of the chlorites analyzed, is concentrated at the optical and chemical...
Preliminary study of rock alteration in the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit, Maine
Robert G. Schmidt
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 189-194
Studies of drill cores from the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit indicate that the deposit is of the porphyry type. Hydrothermal alteration and sulfide mineralization are probably distributed in complex but systematic alteration zones. Most or all mineralization at Catheart Mountain is in a medium-fine-grained quartz monzonite enclosed within a larger...
Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals
John Marinenko
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 185-187
A simple and rapid method was developed for determining sub milligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals. Powdered samples are fused by heating with sodium tungstate vanadium pentoxide flux in a Vycor combustion tube, and the evolved water vapor is absorbed on silica gel. After the water...
Classification and new genera of noncystimorph colonial rugose corals from the Onesquethaw stage in New York and adjacent areas
William Albert Oliver Jr.
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 165-174
A. proposed classification is outlined for 39 species of colonial rugose corals in 10 genera belonging to the families Stauriidae, Craspcdophyllidae (including Cylindrophyllinae new subfamily and Craspedophyllinac), Disphyllidae?, and Zaphrentidae, from the Onesquethaw and lower Cazenovia Stages in New York and adjacent areas. These corals are described or redescribed in...
Dendritic dry valleys in the cone karst of Puerto Rico
Watson H. Monroe
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 159-163
The depressions in the cone karst (Kegelkarst) of the area west of Ciales in the Lares Limestone are alined in dry valleys that have dendritic patterns. These valleys apparently record the former existence of a cover of noncalcareous clastic material that was deposited on the limestone in late Tertiary time....
Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman
H. A. Pohn, Terry W. Offield, Kenneth Watson
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 147-158
The Nimbus III and IV satellites provide reflectance and emittance data from the earth's surface at 8-km resolution. These data have been used to derive a physical property of geologic materials termed '"thermal inertia" which appears to have great promise for discriminating surficial units. A thermal inertia map of part...
Ancient solution phenomena in the Madison Limestone (Mississippian) of north-central Wyoming
William J. Sando
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 133-141
A karst topography was developed on the Madison Limestone of north-central Wyoming during the middle Meramecian early Chesterian time interval. Ancient karst features include enlarged joints, sinkholes, caves, and solution breccias that resulted from leaching of evaporitic beds in the upper 400 ft of the Madison bedrock. These features are...
Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin
Frank A. Swenson
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 253-257
For safe, long-term storage of radioactive materials in salt beds, rates of solution of salt which might imperil such storage must be known. For solution to continue, fluid must move through the system. Major fluid discharge from the system is by surface streams. Using U.S. Geological Survey records of streamflow...
Lunar highlands volcanism implications from Luna 20 and Apollo 16
H. G. Wilshire, D.E. Wilhelms, K. A. Howard
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 1-6
Highlands materials sampled at the Apollo 16 and Luna 20 sites represent units of distinctive morphology that are widespread on the lunar nearside. Samples from the Apollo 16 site represent hilly and furrowed materials of the Descartes highlands and Cayley Formation. Materials were collected by Luna 20 from terrain resembling...
Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22
Frank T. Manheim, Lee S. Waterman, Frederick L. Sayles
1974, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (22) 657-662
Interstitial waters from Leg 22 in the Indian Ocean revealed two unique results: Site 214, on the Ninetyeast Ridge, penetrated through a 30-meter sequence of fine-grained basalt and reentered hard, silty clay containing carbonate skeletal debris. Such a basalt layer may well have been impervious and extensive enough to seal...
Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan
John S. Klasner, W.F. Cannon
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 213-218
The presence of elongate troughs of Precambrian X (middle Precambrian) rocks in Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) rocks in the western Marquette district of northern Michigan has been known since the late 1800s. However, little data can be brought to bear on estimates of...
Interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies bearing on the origin of upper Chesapeake Bay and river course changes in the Central Atlantic Seaboard Region: Speculations
Michael W. Higgins, Isidore Zietz, George Wescott Fisher
1974, Geology (2) 73-76
On an aeromagnetic map of the Chesapeake Bay area, the northeastern part of the bay coincides well with a deep, “flat” magnetic low, and the upper part of the Delmarva Peninsula east of the bay coincides with detailed magnetic highs; the two areas are separated by a steep, straight gradient...
Garnet-clinopyroxenite from the Red Mountain pluton, Alaska
R. B. Forbes, R. C. Swainbank
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 285-292
Several lens-shaped and irregular masses of garnet-clinopyroxenite occur along the north margin of the Red Mountain pluton, near Seldovia, Alaska. The pluton is composed of intercalated dunite, clinopyroxenite, and banded chromite layers. The chromite layers appear to dip toward the center of the mass, but they have been deformed, and...
Buried Triassic basin in the central Savannah River area, South Carolina and Georgia
L. Wendell Marine, George E. Siple
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 311-320
A basin filled with Triassic red beds, located on the South Carolina–Georgia line ∼32 km southeast of Augusta, Georgia, is buried beneath ∼350 m of Coastal Plain sediments. An extensive aeromagnetic survey, seismic refraction and reflection surveys, and geophysical logs and samples from three wells define the extent and character...
Configuration of Precambrian rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent New England from aeromagnetic data
David S. Harwood, Isidore Zietz
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 181-188
Two aeromagnetic anomalies of regional extent outline two previously unknown buried masses of highly magnetic, probably Precambrian, rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The northern mass extends northeastward from Albany, New York, to Bennington, Vermont, where it appears to be buried beneath weakly magnetic Precambrian...
John Wesley Powell's exploration of the Colorado River
Mary C. Rabbitt
1974, Report
