Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the earth
David P. Adam
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 587-596
A model for climatic change, and particularly for the changes of the late Cenozoic, involves as its primary variables the albedo of the earth and the heat storage characteristics of the oceans. Geography exerts a strong influence. The model proposed does not require metaphysical causes or astronomical events other than known variations in the earth's...
Changes in floodflow characteristics of a rectified channel caused by vegetation, Jackson, Mississippi
K. V. Wilson
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 621-625
Extreme changes in velocity, stage, and Manning's roughness coefficient, n, were observed during the first year after canalization of Hanging Moss Creek at Jackson, Miss. Additional changes were observed during the following 8 years. The channel, constructed during the summer of 1963, had a 50-foot-wide bottom, 2:1 side slopes, and 12-foot depth. In March 1964,...
A study of the distribution of the polychlorinated biphenyls in the aquatic environment
Hans J. Crump-Wiesner, Herman R. Feltz, Marvin L. Yates
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 603-607
Data gathered from monitoring activities and project studies indicate the ubiquitous occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the aquatic environment. Residues have been detected in samples from 19 States, representing nearly every region of the country. Concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ug/l in unfiltered water samples and 5.0 to 3,200 ug/kg in bottom...
Pliocene marine fossils in the Paso Robles Formation, California
Warren O. Addicott, Jon S. Galehouse
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 509-514
Marine invertebrates from the Paso Robles Formation recently discovered near Atascadero, Calif., indicate that the basal part of this chiefly nonmarine deposit is of provincial early Pliocene age. Heretofore the lack of direct fossil or radiometric evidence of the age of the Paso Robles has made it a difficult unit to place in the...
Soda Creek springs - metamorphic waters in the eastern Alaska Range
D.H. Richter, D.E. Donaldson, R.A. Lamarre
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 523-528
The Soda Creek springs are a group of small, cold mineral springs on the southern flank of the eastern Alaska Range. The spring waters contain anomalous concentrations of carbon dioxide, sodium, chlorine, sulfate, boron, and ammonia and are actively precipitating deposits of calcite and aragonite. Sparingly present in these deposits are mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite clays and...
Permian paleogeography of the Arctic
J. Thomas Dutro Jr., R. Birute Saldukas
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 501-507
Three large land areas were dominant in the Arctic during the Permian: Fennoscandia, central and southern Siberia (Angara), and Canada. Smaller landmasses were in China, the Seward-Chukotskiy region, northern and eastern Siberia, and near Alaska. Coal deposits and strata bearing land plants covered a large area in central Siberia; saline basins containing red beds formed...
The Dun Mountain ultramafic belt Permian oceanic crust and upper mantle in New Zealand
M.C. Blake Jr., C. A. Landis
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 529-534
Geologic evidence suggests that the Dun Mountain ultramafic belt in New Zealand is the basal part of a Lower Permian ophiolite suite. By analogy with other ophiolite suites, and as a result of marine geophysical studies of the present ocean basins, the ophiolite is believed to represent oceanic crust and upper mantle upon which...
Chemical analysis of rutile - a pyrocatechol violet spectrophotometric procedure for the direct microdetermination of zirconium
Robert Meyrowitz
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 549-554
The ZrO2 content of rutile is determined spectrophotometrically by a direct pyrocatechol violet procedure. The sample is decomposed by potassium pyrosulfate fusion in a transparent quartz crucible, and a sulfuric acid solution of the melt is used for the determination at a pH of 5.1. Of the elements commonly present in rutile, only titanium and niobium...
Use of machine-processable field notes in a wilderness mapping project (Granite Fiords area), southeastern Alaska
Henry C. Berg, James G. Smith
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 579-585
For reconnaissance geologic mapping and mineral resource evaluation of the Granite Fiords wilderness study area, we developed and used a system of machine-processable field notes. Preprinted field forms standardize notes and serve as checklists that insure collection of all available data. The use of this system cut in half the time required to record data...
Disseminated pyrite in a latite porphyry at Texan Mountain, Hudspeth County, Texas
Thomas E. Mullens
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 519-521
A pyrite-bearing latite porphyry that contains fragments of syenite and a quartz porphyry intruded into the Cretaceous Cox Sandstone are well exposed in a roadcut at Texan Mountain, Hudspeth County, Tex. The pyrite, which occurs along tiny fractures as well as disseminated, and the multiple episodes of intrusion, coupled with copper minerals in veins in...
Spectrophotometric determination of tungsten in rocks by an isotope dilution procedure
E.G. Lillie, L. Paul Greenland
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 555-558
Samples are decomposed with hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid in the presence of W181 tracer. Molybdenum is extracted from a hydrochloric acid solution with tributyl phosphate. Tungsten is separated from most other elements by extraction of the a-benzoinoximate into chloroform. Stannous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid is used to strip tungsten and reduce it to...
A calorimetric determination of the standard enthalpies of formation of huntite, CaMg3 (CO3)4 , and artinite, Mg2(OH)2 CO3 * 3H2O, and their standard Gibbs free energies of formation
Bruce S. Hemingway, Richard A. Robie
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 535-541
The enthalpies of formation, ΔH°f, of huntite, CaMg3(CO3)4 , and artinite, Mg2(OH)2CO3 * 3H2O, have been determined by HCl solution calorimetry using a constant-volume isoperibol reaction calorimeter. For the reaction CaO(c) + 3MgO(c) + 4CO2 (g) = CaMg3(CO3)4 (c), the enthalpy change at 298.15 K, ΔH°298 , is -123,203±145 cal mol-1. For the reaction 2MgO(c) +...
Spectrochemical computer analysis - argon-oxygen d-c arc method for silicate rocks
A. F. Dorrzapf Jr.
1973, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) 559-562
Use of an argon-oxygen atmosphere eliminates the interference of cyanogen bands with many sensitive analytical lines. The jet-controlled atmosphere also improves the stability of the arc. These procedural changes, coupled with computerized analysis of the spectra, result in increased detectability, precision, and speed as compared to the former visual semiquantitative technique....
Gold abundance in igneous rocks; bearing on gold mineralization
Robert I. Tilling, David Gottfried, Jack J. Rowe
1973, Economic Geology (68) 168-186
Review of quantitative data, restricted range in gold content (rarely more than 10 ppb, generally below 5 ppb), mafic rocks have more, so do early crystallizing minerals, no use in exploration, factors other than concentration determine mineralization; examples...
Boulder Batholith, Montana: A product of two contemporaneous but chemically distinct magma series
Robert I. Tilling
1973, GSA Bulletin (84) 3879-3900
Rocks of the Late Cretaceous composite Boulder batholith, though successively emplaced in a relatively small segment of the Earth's crust within a very brief time span (78 to 68 m.y.), can be grouped chemically into two magma series: (1) the main series, defined principally by plutons in the central and northern...
Analysis of radiotracking data using digitized habitat maps
D.S. Gilmer, S.E. Miller, L.M. Cowardin
1973, Journal of Wildlife Management (37) 404-409
A method is described that provides a rapid and accurate analysis of habitat used by radio-equipped animals. The digitizer (basically an X-Y plotter in reverse) converts maps into digital form by describing each habitat unit as a polygon that closely approximates the actual shape of the unit. The coordinates of...
Mercury residues in pintails breeding in North Dakota
Gary L. Krapu, G.A. Swanson, H.K. Nelson
1973, Journal of Wildlife Management (37) 395-399
Livers of 42 pintail hens (Anas acuta) breeding in eastern North Dakota during the spring and early summer of 1969 and 1970 were analyzed for total mercury by the neutron activation technique. Mercury content on a...
Hydraulics of sheetlike solution cavities
Gerald K. Moore
1973, Groundwater (11) 4-11
The sheetlike solution cavities that supply water to most wells in central Tennessee are 100 to 2,500 feet wide and less than 0.2 inch high. These dimensions have a scale similar to those in Hele-Shaw models. Both logical and mathematical evidence indicate laminar ground-water flow, except close to pumping wells....
Thermochemical approximations for sulfosalts
James R. Craig, Paul B. Barton Jr.
1973, Economic Geology (68) 493-506
Most sulfosalts may be regarded as intermediate phases on joins between simple sulfide components (e.g., all lead sulfbismuthinides lie on the PbS-Bi 2 S 3 join). Many of the structures are characterized by subunits whose individual structures are similar to those of the component simple sulfides (e.g., galena-like and stibnite-like layers in the lead...
Potassium-Argon ages for minerals from the Ross of Mull, Argyllshire, Scotland
R. D. Beckinsale, J. D. Obradovich
1973, Scottish Journal of Geology (9) 147-156
Sixteen K-Ar ages for samples of biotite and amphibole from the Ross of Mull and analytical data for the standards Bern 4M and W1 are presented. Ages determined for biotite and amphibole samples from the Caledonian pluton average 423 ± 4 m.y. and 416 ± 4 m.y. respectively. Field observations...
Geochemical and fluid zonation at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada
Ted G. Theodore, J. Thomas Nash
1973, Economic Geology (68) 565-570
No abstract available....
The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda
1973, Lethaia (6) 275-309
Knightoconus, a new genus of the Hypseloconidae (Mollusca: Monoplacophora) from rocks of early Franconian age in Antarctica, is multiseptate. The multiple septa are a criticàl feature to be expected in a form ancestral to cephalopods. Fossil cephalopods, however, invariably have a siphuncle as well as septa; some gastropods, some hyolithids,...
The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda
Ellis L. Yochelson, Rousseau H. Flower, Gerald F. Webers
1973, Lethaia (6) 275-309
Knightoconus, a new genus of the Hypseloconidae (Mollusca: Monoplacophora) from rocks of early Franconian age in Antarctica, is multiseptate. The multiple septa are a criticàl feature to be expected in a form ancestral to cephalopods. Fossil cephalopods, however, invariably have a siphuncle as well as septa; some gastropods, some hyolithids,...
Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan
C. J. Doonan, J.R. Byerlay
1973, Water Investigation 11
Most wells In Baraga County obtain water from beds of sand and gravel in morainal and lakebed deposits or from the Jacobsville Sandstone. Yields of wells range from a few to as much as 115 gallons per minute, but most wells probably yield less than 10 gpm. Large areas, where...
Interpretation of a high-grade Precambrian terrane in northern Idaho
Sandra H. B. Clark
1973, Geological Society of America Bulletin (84) 1999-2004
A terrane of high-grade metamorphic rocks in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington is almost completely surrounded by low-grade rocks of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup. The high-grade terrane includes both Belt and pre-Belt rocks. Four events of folding and metamorphism occurred in the high-grade terrane. The first three events may have...
