Fluid-faulting evolution in high definition: Connecting fault structure and frequency-magnitude variations during the 2014 Long Valley Caldera, California earthquake swarm
David R. Shelly, William L. Ellsworth, David P. Hill
2016, Journal of Geophysical Research (212) 1776-1795
An extended earthquake swarm occurred beneath southeastern Long Valley Caldera between May and November 2014, culminating in three magnitude 3.5 earthquakes and 1145 cataloged events on 26 September alone. The swarm produced the most prolific seismicity in the caldera since a major unrest episode in 1997-1998. To gain insight into...
Elevated bladder cancer in northern New England: The role of drinking water and arsenic
Dalsu Baris, Richard Wadell, Laura Freeman, Molly Schwenn, Joanne Colt, Joseph D. Ayotte, Mary Ward, John Nuckols, Alan Schned, Brian Jackson, Castine Clerkin, Nathanial Rothman, Lee Moore, Anne Taylor, Gilpin Robinson, Monawar G. Hosain, Carla Armenti, Richard McCoy, Claudine Samanic, Robert Hoover, Joseph Fraumeni, Alison Johnson, Margaret Karagas, Debra Silverman
2016, Journal of the National Cancer Institute (108)
Background: Bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated in northern New England for at least five decades. Incidence rates in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont are about 20% higher than the United States overall. We explored reasons for this excess, focusing on arsenic in drinking water from private wells, which...
Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology
Julie A. Blanchong, Stacie J. Robinson, Michael D. Samuel, Jeffery T Foster
2016, Journal of Wildlife Management (80) 593-608
Wildlife diseases can have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and management. Many of the pathogens that affect wildlife also have important implications for domestic animal and human health. However, management interventions to prevent or control wildlife disease are hampered by uncertainties about the complex interactions between pathogens and free-ranging wildlife. We often lack...
Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears
Andrea T. Morehouse, Tabitha A. Graves, Nathaniel Mikle, Mark S. Boyce
2016, PLoS ONE (11)
The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011–2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for...
A manual to identify sources of fluvial sediment
Allen C. Gellis, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Joseph Schubauer-Berigan
2016, Report
Sediment is an important pollutant of concern that can degrade and alter aquatic habitat. A sediment budget is an accounting of the sources, storage, and export of sediment over a defined spatial and temporal scale. This manual focuses on field approaches to estimate a sediment budget. We also highlight the...
Status of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1863) throughout the species range, threats to survival, and prognosis for the future
L. R. Hildebrand, Andrea Drauch Schreier, K. Lepla, S. O. McAdam, J McLellan, Michael J. Parsley, V L Paragamian, S P Young
2016, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (32) 261-312
White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (WS), are distributed throughout three major river basins on the West Coast of North America: the Sacramento-San Joaquin, Columbia, and Fraser River drainages. Considered the largest North American freshwater fish, some WS use estuarine habitat and make limited marine movements between river basins. Some populations are listed by...
Geologic map of Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado
Richard F. Madole, D. Paco VanSistine, Joseph H. Romig
2016, Scientific Investigations Map 3362
Geologic mapping was begun after a range fire swept the area of what is now the Great Sand Dunes National Park in April 2000. The park spans an area of 437 square kilometers (or about 169 square miles), of which 98 percent is blanketed by sediment of Quaternary age, the...
Data, age uncertainties and ocean δ18O under the spotlight for Ocean2k Phase 2
Helen V. McGregor, Belen Martrat, Michael N. Evans, Diane Thompson, D. Reynolds, Jason A. Addison
2016, Past Global Changes (24) 44-44
The oceans make up 71% of the Earth’s surface area and are a major component of the global climate system. They are the world’s primary heat reservoir, and knowledge of the global ocean response to past and present radiative forcing is important for understanding climate change. PAGES’ Ocean2k working group...
Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park
Clint C. Muhlfeld, Vincent S. D'Angelo, Christopher C. Downs, John D. Powell, Stephen J. Amish, Gordon Luikart, Ryan Kovach, Matthew Boyer, Steven T. Kalinowski
2016, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (145) 1093-1109
Invasive hybridization is one of the greatest threats to the persistence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. Large protected areas, where nonhybridized populations are interconnected and express historical life history and genetic diversity, provide some of the last ecological and evolutionary strongholds for conserving this species. Here, we describe the genetic status...
Effects of 2 fungicide formulations on microbial and macroinvertebrate leaf decomposition under laboratory conditions
Adria Elskus, Kelly L. Smalling, Michelle Hladik, Kathryn Kuivila
2016, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (35) 2834-2844
Aquatic fungi contribute significantly to the decomposition of leaves in streams, a key ecosystem service. However, little is known about the effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and macroinvertebrates involved with leaf decomposition. Red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were conditioned in a stream to acquire microbes (bacteria and fungi),...
Transport of atrazine and dicamba through silt and loam soils
James A. Tindall, Michael J. Friedel
2016, Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering (3) 27-42
The objectives of this research were to determine the role of preferential flow paths in the transport of atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) and dicamba (3-6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) through silt and loam soils overlying the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska. In a previous study, 3 of...
Evaluation of chemical control for nonnative crayfish at a warm-water fish production hatchery
Ann Allert, M.J. McKee, R.J. DiStefano, J.F. Fairchild
2016, Freshwater Crayfish (22) 81-93
Invasive crayfish are known to displace native crayfish species, alter aquatic habitat and community structure and function, and are serious pests for fish hatcheries. White River Crawfish (WRC; Procambarus acutus) were inadvertently introduced to a warm-water fish hatchery in Missouri, USA, possibly in an incoming fish shipment. We evaluated the...
Streamflow ratings
Robert R. Holmes Jr.
Vijay P. Singh, editor(s)
2016, Book chapter, Handbook of Applied Hydrology
Autonomous direct determination of a continuous time series of streamflow is not economically feasible at present (2014). As such, surrogates are used to derive a continuous time series of streamflow. The derivation process entails developing a streamflow rating, which can range from a simple, single-valued relation between stage and streamflow to a fully dynamic...
Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution
Jacqueline M. Doyle, Todd E. Katzner, Gary Roemer, James W. Cain III, Brian Millsap, Carol McIntyre, Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Nadia B. Fernandez, Maria Wheeler, Zafer Bulut, Peter Bloom, J. Andrew DeWoody
2016, Conservation Genetics (17) 1307-1322
Molecular markers can reveal interesting aspects of organismal ecology and evolution, especially when surveyed in rare or elusive species. Herein, we provide a preliminary assessment of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population structure in North America using novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs included one molecular sexing marker,...
Subsurface fault damage zone of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake viewed from fault‐zone trapped waves
Yong-Gang Li, Rufus D. Catchings, Mark R. Goldman
2016, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (106) 2747-2763
The aftershocks of the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake generated prominent fault‐zone trapped waves (FZTWs) that were recorded on two 1.9‐km‐long seismic arrays deployed across the northern projection (array 1, A1) and the southern part (A2) of the surface rupture of the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ). We...
Intra-community implications of implementing multiple tsunami-evacuation zones in Alameda, California
Jeff Peters, Nathan J. Wood, Rick Wilson, Kevin Miller
2016, Natural Hazards (84) 975-995
Tsunami-evacuation planning in coastal communities is typically based on maximum evacuation zones for a single scenario or a composite of sources; however, this approach may over-evacuate a community and overly disrupt the local economy and strain emergency-service resources. To minimize the potential for future over-evacuations, multiple evacuation zones...
Pseudotachylyte increases the post-slip strength of faults
Brooks P. Proctor, David A. Lockner
2016, Geology (44) 1003-1006
Solidified frictional melts, or pseudotachylytes, are observed in exhumed faults from across the seismogenic zone. These unique fault rocks, and many experimental studies, suggest that frictional melting can be an important process during earthquakes. However, it remains unknown how melting affects the post-slip strength of the fault and why many...
Oak mistletoe (Phoradendron villosum) is linked to microhabitat availability and avian diversity in Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodlands
Kyle R. Pritchard, Joan Hagar, David C. Shaw
2016, Botany (95) 283-294
Mistletoes are parasitic or hemi-parasitic flowering plants that parasitize woody plants around the globe. Important food and cover resources provided by mistletoes have been related to strong patterns of positive association between wildlife diversity and mistletoe density. Mistletoes also create microhabitat features known to be important to wildlife by causing...
Juvenile magma recognition and eruptive dynamics inferred from the analysis of ash time series: The 2015 reawakening of Cotopaxi volcano
H. Elizabeth Gaunt, Benjamin Bernard, Silvana Hidalgo, Antonio Proano, Heather M. Wright, Patricia Mothes, Evelyn Criollo, Ulrich Kueppers
2016, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (328) 134-148
Forecasting future activity and performing hazard assessments during the reactivation of volcanoes remain great challenges for the volcanological community. On August 14, 2015 Cotopaxi volcano erupted for the first time in 73 years after approximately four months of precursory activity, which included an increase in seismicity, gas emissions, and minor ground...
Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
Lennart Balk, Per-Ake Hagerroth, Hanna Gustavsson, Lisa Sigg, Gun Akerman, Yolanda Ruiz Munoz, Dale C. Honeyfield, Ulla Tjarnlund, Kenneth Oliveira, Karin Strom, Stephen D. McCormick, Simon Karlsson, Marika Strom, Mathijs van Manen, Anna-Lena Berg, Halldór P. Halldórsson, Jennie Stromquist, Tracy K. Collier, Hans Borjeson, Torsten Morner, Tomas Hansson
2016, Scientific Reports (6) 1-13
Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a...
Reconstructing surface ocean circulation with 129I time series records from corals
Ching-Chih Chang, George S. Burr, A. J. Timothy Jull, Joellen L. Russell, Dana Biddulph, Lara White, Nancy G. Prouty, Yue-Gau Chen, Chuan-Chou Shen, Weijian Zhou, Doan Dinh Lam
2016, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (165) 144-150
The long-lived radionuclide 129I (half-life: 15.7 × 106 yr) is well-known as a useful environmental tracer. At present, the global 129I in surface water is about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than pre-1960 levels. Since the 1990s, anthropogenic 129I produced from industrial nuclear fuels reprocessing plants has been the primary source of 129I...
Groundwater quality in the Basin and Range Basin-Fill Aquifers, southwestern United States
MaryLynn Musgrove, Kenneth Belitz
2016, Fact Sheet 2016-3080
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers constitute one of the important areas...
Groundwater quality in the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system, southeastern United States
Jeannie Barlow, Bruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth Belitz
2016, Fact Sheet 2016-3076
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system constitutes one of the important areas being evaluated. One or...
Groundwater quality in the Valley and Ridge and Piedmont and Blue Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers, eastern United States
Bruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth Belitz
2016, Fact Sheet 2016-3079
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The Valley and Ridge and Piedmont and Blue Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers constitute two of the...
Groundwater quality in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern United States
Bruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth Belitz
2016, Fact Sheet 2016-3078
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water. The Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system constitutes one of the important...
